返回散射电离图干扰噪声的消除方法

返回散射电离图干扰噪声的消除方法程晓梅,郭保华（中国电波传播研究所,新乡４５３００３）关键词返回散射探测,射频干扰,电离图在返回散射探测中,回波信号来自广延的地面散射［１］,遭受到很大的传播损耗,所以典型的返回散射回波信号要比其他探测方式的回波信号弱...     

计及电离层倾斜的P—D变换及其短波通信MUF的预报方法

本文提出了计及电离层倾斜的高频返回散射电离图的最小时延换算为大圆距离的计算方法，并讨论利用返回散射电离图进行最高可用频率预报。在Ｄ＞１０００ｋｍ条件下，Ｐ－Ｄ变换的最大误差在３．５％以内，实时预报结果与ＣＣＩＲ提供的频率预报的月平均值相差±１．５ＭＨＺ．     

利用返回散射技术确定运动目标地面径向轨迹

本文提出了一个在高频地面返回散射探测中,利用高频雷达所获得的数据:最小时延线和目标信号时延以及目标运动的多普勒频率测量值计算离散的运动目标地面距离的方法.它不需要中点实测或假设的电离层数据,而仅用单站资料就可以完成.最后给出此法的计算结果与实验结果的比较说明了此方法的可用性.      

返回散射电离图的前沿提取方法

提出了返回散射电离图前沿提取的方法. 其中, 一层电离图前沿和两层电离图下面一层前沿是在消除干扰和噪声后的电离图上采用边缘识别方法进行提取的, 两层电离图上面一层前沿则是在仅经过干扰抑制的电离图上采用基于高斯型加权系数的能量梯度算法进行提取的. 本文提出的前沿提取方法准确率较高, 并且易于实现, 已在工程中得到应用.      

相检积分法测量电离层的相干积累时间

本文提出了一种相检积分法.试图用简单的模拟方法分析返回散射回波的频谱,以求出电离层返回散射信道的相干积累时间.      

高频返回散射观测的典型结果和分析

描述了１９９３年１０月～１２月,在新乡站进行的高频返回散射观测实验,取得了大量很有意义的结果。从中看出：①高频返回散射电离国的类型和形态特征;②高频返回散射电离图中最高观测频率、斜距的日变化规律;③返回散射观测中发现Ｅｓ的演变过程及其特征。     

距离门信号级的机载双基雷达地杂波模拟方法

由于几何配置的多样性,双基雷达地杂波模拟比较复杂.虽然单基雷达杂波散射元划分的方法可用于双基地杂波仿真,但不利于特定距离门信号的分析.在比较了单双基地雷达地面散射元等距线的基础上,提出一种距离门信号级的机载双基雷达地杂波模拟方法,距离向以双程斜距分辨率划分椭圆环,推导出地面椭圆表达式和散射元坐标解析解,方位向引入椭圆中间参量,在保证多普勒分辨率基础上划分杂波元网格,给出杂波模拟中未知参量的计算.该方法不仅能进行所有观测区域杂波功率谱的仿真,且可完成某些或某个距离门杂波回波信号的计算分析,实现距离门信号级杂波的模拟.仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.      

高频返回散射回波频谱测量

本文采用脉冲多普勒雷达技术, 测量了电离层高频返回散射回波的时延-功率-多普勒频率的三维频谱图.对典型的频谱图作了分析, 并由谱图推算了电离层等效反射面的垂直运动速度, 它与垂直探测资料推算的结果相符.      

用斜探测电离图(P-f)作频率预报

本文分析了斜探测电离图(P-f)。在对测得的电离图判读的基础上给出了最高观测频率MOF的日变化曲线,它可看作为电离层准实时频率预报曲线。图中同时提供了几个重要的电离层预报参数,如MOF、LOF、MUF及E_s的影响等。文章最后把斜测电离图与同时测得的返回散射电离图(在同一张电离图上)结合起来,给出了最佳工作频率窗口,其结果可以作为(在固定线路上)修正长期预报的依据,因为长期预报是用垂测数据经换算得到的。      

复杂电磁环境辐射-散射耦合场快速预估方法

针对复杂电磁环境中目标散射体和干扰辐射源同时存在,影响目标回波散射场的问题,提出了一种基于辐射源方向图和极化散射矩阵数据的耦合场快速预估方法。利用可提前独立获取和加载的辐射源方向图及目标各个方向的散射数据,实现了辐射-散射耦合场景下空间总电磁场的近实时快速预估。仿真计算了辐射源与散射体不同距离和相对强度下场景的总电场变化情况,验证了辐射-散射耦合效应对目标回波场存在显著影响。无需使用电磁计算方法对场景进行重新计算,满足复杂电磁环境内场仿真试验对实时提供数据的需求,具有工程应用价值。      

时延-角度特性研究

本文在球不对称局域准抛物电离层模型下,设计了一套射线追踪算法的计算机程序。研究了时延随角度变化特性。指出了最小时延的传统求解方法的适应范围,讨论了时延-角度特性曲线与返回散射电离图的关系及其能量分布特点。      

Estimation of ground range on the sweep frequency backscatter leading edge

The high frequency management system with backscatter radar supplies the real time ionosphere channel conditions to high frequency users, which leads to the demand for the ground range between the radar location and the scatters on the distant ground. The ionosphere electron density profile is usually inversed to obtain the ground range. An inversion algorithm, with which the ground range on the leading edge of the backscatter ionograms can be obtained without electron density, is presented in this paper. The ray path geometry of the backscatter sounding and the change in the group path on the leading edge with operating frequency are used to derive the ground range. Synthesized backscatter ionogram and experimental backscatter ionograms are processed to validate the algorithm. The results indicate that the algorithm is usable for high frequency management system.     

Adaptation of the bottomside electron density profile of the IRI model to data of topside radiosounding

A method is proposed for reconstructing the electron density profiles N(h) of the IRI model from ionograms of topside satellite sounding of the ionosphere. An ionograms feature is the presence of traces of signal reflection from the Earth's surface. The profile reconstruction is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the N(h) –profile is calculated from the lower boundary of the ionosphere to the satellite height (total profile) by the method presented in this paper using the ionogram. In this case, the monotonic profile of the topside ionosphere is calculated by the classical method. The profile of the inner ionosphere is represented by analytical functions, the parameters of which are calculated by optimization methods using traces of signal reflection, both from the topside ionosphere and from the Earth. At the second stage, the profile calculated from the ionogram is used to obtain the key parameters: the height of the maximum hmF2 of the F2 layer, the critical frequency foF2, the values of B0 and B1, which determine the profile shape in the F region in the IRI model. The input of key parameters, time of observation, and coordinates of sounding into the IRI model allows obtaining the IRI-profile corrected to real experimental conditions. The results of using the data of the ISIS-2 satellite show that the profiles calculated from the ionograms and the IRI profiles corrected from them are close to each other in the inner ionosphere and can differ significantly in the topside ionosphere. This indicates the possibility of obtaining a profile in the inner ionosphere close to the real distribution, which can significantly expand the information database useful for the IRTAM (IRI Realmax Assimilative Modeling) model. The calculated profiles can be used independently for local ionospheric research.     

短波返回探测最小时延曲线的反演

提出一个利用短波扫频返回探测最小时延导出电离层结构参数的方法。这个方法不必引入辅助参数,只需给出二个频率点的最小时延数据和相应的斜率数据,即可导出电离层参数。      

Investigation of Satellite Trace (ST) and Multi-reflected Echo (MRE) ionogram signatures and its possible correlation to nighttime spread F development from Cyprus over the solar mini-max (2009–2016)

Multi-reflected echoes (MREs) and satellite traces (STs) are referred in literature as ionogram signatures of Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) which is a phenomenon that apparently drives spread F development mainly at nighttime mid-latitude ionosphere. A long-term statistical study has been undertaken to investigate the morphological aspect of these signatures over the lower midlatitude European station of Nicosia, Cyprus (35.19°N, 33.38°E geographic; magnetic dip. 29.38°N) by inspecting all ionograms recorded by the DPS-4D digisonde in the interval 2009–2016. The results underline the systematic manifestation of these TID signatures over Cyprus with a possible (although not quite clear) solar activity dependence and a distinctive seasonal and diurnal occurrence rate with a seasonal peak of STs during summer and of MREs during January to April. Based on the experimental results of the present study, the seasonal occurrence rate of MREs and STs is found to increase by 75% and 56% during high solar activity periods. Satellite traces are well known ionogram signatures of TIDs and mostly correlated to the nighttime spread F formation. The occurrence of mid-latitude spread Fs over European longitude sector normally increases during summer. The occurrences of TIDs are also prominent at this interval of the year over nighttime mid-latitude ionosphere. The presence of MREs as an ionogram signature of TIDs over mid-latitude ionosphere is unique in nature.     

全极化散射计极化失真误差校正方法

全极化散射计是一种新型微波散射计,可以同时测量目标的同极化和交叉极化散射系数.一方面能够解决传统散射计在海面风场反演中的风向模糊问题,提高海面风场测量精度,另一方面交叉极化散射系数可以有效提高海面风速测量范围,解决台风灾害监测和预报问题.利用全极化散射计数据进行高精度海面风场反演,首先需要解决全极化散射计系统极化失真误差导致无法准确测量目标不同极化散射系数的问题.本文基于全极化散射计信号模型推导了极化失真误差影响下极化散射系数模型,并对极化失真误差影响进行了定量分析.在极化散射系数模型基础上,通过引入海面散射特性假设和极化定标技术推导了极化散射系数校正模型.基于RADARSAT-2获取的不同区域海面全极化散射系数数据仿真误差影响下极化散射系数并利用该模型进行校正,结果表明该方法可以有效校正极化失真误差,显著提高极化散射系数测量精度.