冲压发动机针刺C/SiC喷管的烧蚀行为研究

为探索C/SiC喷管在固液冲压发动机上应用的可行性以及固液冲压发动机工作环境下的烧蚀行为,对冲压发动机针刺C/SiC复合材料喷管进行了研究.研究结果表明:针刺C/SiC复合材料喷管能够适应冲压发动机富氧、长时间的工作环境;C/SiC复合材料喷管入口段和扩张段存在轻微的氧化,喉部以热化学烧蚀为主,收敛段以热化学烧蚀和热机械侵蚀为主;收敛段为整个喷管的薄弱环节,应根据不同的工作条件和烧蚀机理,对C/SiC喷管的厚度进行分别设计.     

小推力长时间工作固体火箭发动机C/C喉衬的烧蚀与沉积

针对C/C喉衬喷管小推力长时间工作固体火箭发动机,分别开展了含铝、不含铝两种推进剂状态的地面试验。根据燃烧室压强及发动机推力测试曲线计算了喷管喉径的瞬变值,对比研究了喉衬的烧蚀、沉积过程,指出含铝推进剂发动机C/C喉衬先后经历初始沉积、沉积消融、持续烧蚀、烧蚀与沉积交替四个阶段,而推进剂不含铝时则没有明显的初始沉积与沉积消融。讨论了推进剂配方、燃烧室压强、喷管结构等因素对喉衬烧蚀、沉积的影响,并提出了相应的改善措施。     

针刺C/C圆筒构件内/外压试验与仿真研究

根据某扩张段采用的针刺C/C复合材料制备圆筒构件试验件,设计外压和内压试验工装,对其开展内外压试验研究,总结结构应力分布规律,并与有限元仿真结果进行对比,仿真结果与试验结果一致性较好,获得了准确高精度3D圆筒构件水压仿真计算模型。试验及仿真结果对于改进固体火箭发动机针刺C/C复合材料喷管扩张段结构设计,修正材料本构模型参数,预估结构安全裕度有着重要的参考价值。     

日本火箭发动机喷管用C/ C 复合材料

介绍了C/C复合材料在日本固体火箭发动机喷管的应用情况,主要包括卫星远地点助推发动机用螺旋形状碳布铺层的2D-C/C扩张段、固体助推器及固体运载用3D-C/C喉衬.2D-C/C扩张段采用黏胶丝基碳纤维成型,M-V固体运载一级发动机C/C喉衬采用碳纤维三向正交圆筒编织结构,热等静压-石墨化致密,外径Ф1100 mm,密度达1.95 g/cm3.C/C复合材料在固体及液体火箭发动机喷管延伸出口锥的应用是未来的发展方向.     

氢氧发动机C/SiC复合材料喷管延伸段设计研究

为推动C/SiC复合材料在液体火箭发动机喷管延伸段上的应用,基于国内C/SiC复合材料抗氧化烧蚀性能及预制体成型方案,综合考虑燃气热环境、喷管效率以及结构稳定性,对喷管结构进行了详细优化设计,设计的C/SiC喷管壁厚最薄处仅1.5 mm,结构质量仅为18 kg,相比螺旋管束式排放冷却喷管减重约55%。模态仿真结果表明:设计生产的C/SiC喷管,一阶模态频率为26.941 Hz;材料弹性模量对喷管模态频率影响较大;通过大端增厚对提升喷管模态频率效果有限,必要时可对大端出口翻边,提高其动力学稳定性。     

影响喷管流动分离的因素

应用 Beam- Warming近似因式分解方法差分求解薄层 N- S方程 ,对某型发动机在多种工况下的分离流场进行计算。结果表明 ,燃烧室总压与环境压强的比值控制分离点位置 ;对于相同的喷管扩张段型面 ,喷管面积比对分离位置的影响小 ;扩张段较长的喷管分离点面积比较小     

C/ SiC 复合材料喷管焊接连接技术研究

C/SiC-金属连接是C/SiC复合材料喷管应用的关键技术.本文综述了上海空间推进研究所对CVD铌和钎焊两种C/SiC复合材料喷管连接技术的分析和研究试验,指出其存在的问题和解决途径以及后续发展的重点.此外,还探讨了工业CT在复合材料喷管焊接连接件的检测情况,说明微焦点工业CT对C/SiC喷管-金属连接件具有较好的检测效果,可以为产品质量评估提供可靠依据.     

复合结构喷管烧蚀形貌的测定及其对流场的影响

为研究烧蚀形貌对固体火箭发动机喷管的影响,采用激光扫描技术对石墨/高硅氧复合结构喷管的烧蚀形貌进行了测量,测量结果显示:两种热防护材料的交界面处产生了烧蚀台阶,收敛段内烧蚀台阶在两种材料的交界面处,而扩张段内的烧蚀台阶在交界面下游。根据所测喷管的平均烧蚀速率,反推出3个不同时刻喷管的烧蚀型面,并以此为模型对流场进行数值模拟,研究烧蚀引起的喷管型面变化对喷管内流场、壁面传热及发动机性能造成的影响,计算结果表明:扩张段内的烧蚀台阶处会产生回流区,加剧当地对流换热,台阶附近还会形成膨胀波和斜激波,对主流区域造成显著影响;而收敛段内的烧蚀台阶对主流区影响较小,与烧蚀前相比,此处台阶上游对流换热强度减弱;烧蚀台阶的出现会改变喷管壁面处的压力分布,导致发动机出现推力损失。     

SRM两相内流场模型计算

火箭发动机内流场中的大量液态颗粒与喷管的壁面发生碰撞后会产生沉积和破碎,从而影响发动机的性能。针对此问题,采用颗粒与壁面碰撞破碎沉积模型和欧拉-拉格朗日两相流模型对某固体火箭发动机中不同尺寸的颗粒与喷管背壁区和收敛段碰撞破碎和沉积的基本情况进行了数值模拟,并与相关试验结果进行了对比。计算得到了流场中不同直径颗粒在考虑碰撞破碎后的分布情况和在壁面的沉积情况。计算结果说明,颗粒与壁面碰撞破碎后会大大增加流场尤其是喷管段中小颗粒的数目,颗粒的沉积主要集中在背壁区的下部,而大颗粒主要沉积在喷管收敛段。     

二元收扩喷管设计参数对气动性能影响的数值研究

采用正交试验设计方法进行喷管气动性能数值模拟算例的设计,综合研究了二元收扩喷管8个设计参数对气动性能的影响,研究的设计参数包括圆到矩超椭圆型面过渡段几何参数（长径比、横截面积变化率、长半轴变化率、短半轴变化率）和主喷管段几何参数（喉部宽高比、喉部型面半径比、收敛半角、扩张半角）,并且对喉部宽高比、喉部型面半径比、收敛半角、扩张半角等4个参数对喷管气动性能影响的灵敏度进行了分析.结果表明:喉部型面半径比R_W/R₈是二元收扩喷管气动性能影响的最主要参数,因此在喷管设计中应尽量增大R_W/R₈,尤其是在收敛半角α较大时,增大R_W/R₈可使喷管气动性能明显增大;喉部宽高比不是二元收扩喷管气动性能影响的主要参数;二元收扩喷管的气动性能几乎与过渡段型面无关.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.