基于正交设计的某型飞机翼尖小翼优化设计方法研究

飞机翼尖小翼设计是一个多因素设计,在机翼设计中比较复杂,影响参数较多。采用基于正交设计的方法,利用CFD技术,可较快的优选出小翼的倾斜角、高度、前缘后掠角、安装角等参数。以设计状态为例,对优选出的每个因素取三种水平进行了具体的计算,并给出了具体的结果,通过各因素在各水平下的平均升阻比,可以得到最优的参数值。结论说明给出的方法是合理的。实验也证明了该方法可以节约时间和经费。     

含胶层复合材料梁构件性能分析

复合材料剪切模量通常比弹性模量低1个数量级,这就导致复合材料梁结构剪切效应比普通梁结构显著得多,尤其是梁截面高度较大的情况。作为夹胶玻璃等结构的复合材料支撑框架,复合材料方管梁翼缘通常存在较弱的胶层,此时复合材料梁横截面包含不同剪切模量的材料层,这就导致梁横截面在剪切作用下发生复杂的翘曲。剪切翘曲效应对梁结构的性能有着极大的影响,本文在分段线性位移场假设基础上,推导了对称面内变形的方管梁结构静力以及自振周期计算模型,并同经典梁理论计算结果进行对比,分析了梁几何参数、胶层力学参数等因素对两个模型计算误差的影响。计算结果表明,当胶层较弱时,弱层带来的层间剪切效应对梁的性能有着决定性的影响,此时经典梁理论不再适用。     

空间回路网法在隐身结构电磁散射计算中的应用

随着计算机技术的发展,计算电磁学得到了极大地发展和运用。它可以通过数值计算得到描述宏观电磁场的Maxwell方程组的解,从而分析介质的电磁性能。本文介绍了空间回路网法（SNM）的基本原理和使用方法。并计算了8 GHz平面波条件下的正方形格栅结构的反射率,通过比较发现单元尺寸为半波长时,电磁波吸收性能强于1倍波长情况。     

三个素数猜想的证明

采用新的构造方法,把不规则分布的素数进行分类,即把单个素数a都同时表示成等距的区间[a,a＋h]（a为任意素数）,在[a,a＋h]中的元素为自然数,将[a,a＋h]中对应位置有相同情况,或都是素数,或都不是素数的为同一等价类,其中每个[a,a＋h]中至少有一个素数a,h取不同自然数时,分类方法不同,显然[a,a＋h]的等价类的个数在h有限时是有限的,小于2h/2。     

Performance of MAX family of order-statistic CFAR detectors

The MAX family of constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) detectors is introduced as a generalization of the greatest of CFAR (GO-CFAR) or MX mean-level detector (MX-MLD). Members of the MAX family use local estimators based on order statistics and generate both a near-range and a far-range noise-level estimate. Local estimates are always combined through a maximum operation; this insures false-alarm control at clutter edges. At the same time, order-statistic-based estimators result in a high-resolution detector. A complete detection analysis is provided for SWII targets and a reference channel contaminated by large outliers. Results are presented for the MX censored MLD (MX-CMLD) operating in clutter. The MX order statistic detector (MX-OSD) based on only a single-order statistic per window, is analyzed, and curves showing the required threshold, CFAR loss, optimum censoring point, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss in the presence of outliers are given. Simulations are used to compare the dynamic responses of various MX-OSD detectors in a clutter and a multiple-target environment     

Estimation of Velocity Moments of Radar Targets

The Doppler-velocity spectrum of a coherent burst of radar pulses after reflection from the wake of a reentry body is considered. Time-domain estimators of the mean-wake velocity and velocity spread in a particular range cell are given in terms of the echo of a coherent N-pulse burst. These formulas yield values equivalent to common frequency-domain estimators, but, for short bursts (N < 50), are computationally faster than their frequency-domain counterparts.     

蜂窝密封封严特性的实验研究

实验研究了3种规格的蜂窝密封在不同转速、不同密封间隙下的封严特性，并与梳齿密封进行了比较。蜂窝密封在转子转速为6 000 r/min时的漏气量比转子静止时的漏气量减少约4.8%。半径间隙为0.12mm时，芯格尺寸为1.6mm的蜂窝密封封严效果最好，半径间隙为0.06mm时，梳齿密封的漏气量比蜂窝密封少。     

水润滑轴承微观界面流场特性的数值模拟

为了研究水润滑高分子材料轴承的微观界面的流场特性,本文以单个微凹体中的流场作为研究对象,建立了单个微凹体流动模型。采用多松弛格子玻尔兹曼方法MRT-LBM (multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method)对单个微凹体的流体流动问题进行数值模拟。研究了流场中速度的变化规律,以及流场中流线分布随雷诺数的变化规律。结果表明当雷诺数较低时,流场处于稳定性流动状态;当雷诺数达到一定程度时,流场处于周期流动状态;当雷诺数很高时,流场处于湍流运动状态。探究微观流场中复杂的变化规律,为研究水润滑高分子材料轴承的润滑和摩擦性能提供一些理论支撑。     

考虑复合材料蒙皮稳定性的飞机翼面结构布局优化设计

 复合材料蒙皮稳定性是飞机翼面结构设计需要考虑的重要方面。由于翼面结构稳定性理论分析的复杂性,工程中,通常采用与理论分析相比拟的简化方法、使用简便可靠的经验公式在设计过程中进行稳定性校核。多墙式结构是当前翼面结构中普遍采用的结构形式,墙的布局和蒙皮的厚度对复合材料蒙皮的临界屈曲载荷有着重要影响。因此,针对多墙式翼面结构,以工程经验公式为基础,以蒙皮单位长度上的的重量为优化目标,以墙的布局参数和蒙皮厚度为设计变量,以临界失稳载荷为约束,建立了一种考虑复合材料蒙皮稳定性的翼面结构布局优化问题的数学模型,导出了目标函数敏度计算的解析式,并提出了优化问题的求解方法。以翼盒结构为例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

筒形机翼升阻力特性的数值研究

采用有限体积方法,基于多块结构化的贴体网格,求解预处理形式的NS方程,数值模拟了筒形涵道机翼的气动特性.得到了筒形涵道机翼的升力系数、阻力系数和升阻比等气动力参数,通过改变机翼外形和来流参数获得了气动特性随涵道长径比、来流迎角等参数的变化关系.计算结果表明:采用S3021翼型的筒形涵道机翼的阻力系数和升力系数随长径比的增大而减小,升阻比特性随长径比和迎角的变化均不是单调的,在长径比0.75和迎角5°时可得到较大升阻比.     

复合材料桨叶过渡剖面边界区域应力传递边界效应初探

在复合材料桨叶载荷标定前的解耦或应力应变测量等工作中,会碰到一个“奇怪”的现象：在桨叶过渡剖面边界区域测出的应变（或应力）与“平剖面假设”规定不符。文章从某型号尾桨叶载荷标定前解耦调片工作中碰到的现象引出论点,再用有限元对桨叶传力进行建模分析,给出了定性的结论。文章的目的就是从型号中来,再应用到型号工作中去,为今后的复合材料桨叶载荷测量的贴片位置选择起一指导作用。     

螺旋天线几何尺寸的优化设计

本文首先导出了螺旋天线输入阻抗的计算公式。然后，在使天线输入阻抗满足技术要求的条件下，对螺旋天线的几何尺寸进行了优化设计。     

A brief overview of the School of Aerospace Engineering of Tsinghua University

This article provides a brief overview of the teaching and research at the School of Aerospace Engineering (SAE) to celebrate the 80th anniversary of the establishment of aeronautics as a discipline at Tsinghua University. The evolution of the school, undergraduate/graduate students and faculty members, and research activities and achievements have been described. The research input including research funding and research projects are summarized, showing a diversity of funding sources and a significant growth in either sum total or spending per researcher. The achievements including publications and inter/national academic awards are also introduced. It can be seen that the level of academic publications has been growing over the past decades. In addition, four representative research achievements have been briefly described to show the scientific contributions of the school.     

InvesInvestigation of the Effects of Airfoil-probes on the Aerodynamic Performance of an Axial Compressor

In order to investigate the effects of the airfoil-probes on the aerodynamic performance of an axial compressor,a numerical simulation of 3D flow field is performed in a 1.5-stage axial compressor with airfoil-probes installed at the stator leading-edge(LE).The airfoil-probes have a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic performance at all operating points.A streamwise vortex is induced by the airfoil-probe along both sides of the blade.At the mid-operating point,the vortex is notable along the pressure side and is relatively small along the suction side(SS).At the near-stall point,the vortex is slightly suppressed in the pressure surface(PS),but becomes remarkable in the suction side.A small local-separation is induced by the interactions between the vortex and the end-wall boundary layer in the corner region near the hub.That the positive pitch angle of the airfoil-probe at 6.5% span is about 15° plays an important role in the vortex evolution near the hub,which causes the fact that the airfoil-probe near the hub has the largest effects among the four airfoil-probes.In order to get a further understanding of the vortex evolution in the stator in the numerical simulation,a flow visualization experiment in a water tunnel is performed.The flow visualization results give a deep insight into the evolution of the vortex induced by the airfoil-probe.     

某型飞机机电综合系统设计

分析了某型飞机机电系统的功能和发展状况,结合现代飞机的发展特点,对传统飞机与现代飞机的机电系统进行了分析对比,并介绍了某型飞机的机电综合系统的设计构想。     

铝铜点焊的研究

提出了铝铜过渡接头的点焊新方法,用交流焊机点焊铝铜,解决了Al2O3氧化膜层的破碎问题。从而可利用热活化、压力、电磁搅拌力,使铝铜固溶,扩散和铝液面移动,完成铝铜点焊,获得比铝强度高的焊接接头,为铝代铜的运用提供了一种特殊的途径。     

Weakening of the anisotropy of surface roughness in ultra-precision turning of single-crystal silicon

Ultra-precision machining causes materials to undergo a greatly strained deformation process in a short period of time.The effect of shear strain rates on machining quality, in particular on surface anisotropy, is a topic deserving of research that has thus far been overlooked.This study analyzes the impact of the strain rate during the ultra-precision turning of single-crystal silicon on the anisotropy of surface roughness.Focusing on the establishment of cutting models considering the tool rake angle and the edge radius, this is the first research that takes into account the strain rate dislocation emission criteria in studying the effects of the edge radius, the cutting speed, and the cutting thickness on the plastic deformation of single-crystal silicon.The results of this study show that the uses of a smaller edge radius, faster cutting speeds, and a reduced cutting thickness can result in optimally uniform surface roughness, while the use of a very sharp cutting tool is essential when operating with smaller cutting thicknesses.A further finding is that insufficient plastic deformation is the major cause of increased surface roughness in the ultra-precision turning of brittle materials.On this basis, we propose that the capacity of single-crystal silicon to emit dislocations be improved as much as possible before brittle fracture occurs, thereby promoting plastic deformation and minimizing the anisotropy of surface roughness in the machined workpiece.     

Excitation of instabilities in the wake of an airfoil by means of active winglets

Strong wake vortices that develop behind every aircraft as a byproduct of lift production pose a threat where aircraft fly in close staggering such as in the vicinity of airports. One approach to alleviate these vortex wakes is the use of high lift systems or control surfaces of the wing to create an unstable vortex system. The inherent instability of this vortex system shall then lead to an accelerated decay of the vortex wake, triggered for example by a periodic motion of the control surfaces. In the work presented here a simple wing model with winglets able to produce a vortex system of up to six distinct vortices is investigated in towing tank experiments. Theoretical studies show that these vortex systems potentially have a high degree of instability. By means of active oscillation of rudders integrated into the winglets, these vortex systems are to be excited to initiate an accelerated decay of the vortices. It is shown that configurations exist which exhibit strong instabilities, that lead to a significantly lower hazard level behind the vortex generating wing, even when not actively excited. However, an additional oscillation does not seem to accelerate decay of these vortex systems in relation to the statical reference case.     

中国航空运输市场季节变动特点与对策研究

运用季节指数分析方法，对1997--2001年间中国航空旅客运输市场和航空货物运输市场的季节性变动进行分析，并提出了根据季节变动规律合理组织生产和调配运力的建议。     

主字母体制调制系数的选择

针对靶场安全控制系统主字母体制中主字母信号的调制系数选取范围问题,对主字母信号经FM (Fre-quency Modulation,调频)调制后的功率进行理论分析,选取一组频率组成主字母信号调制到中频.通过仿真得到数据曲线.同时将仿真参数移植到与工程设备相似的实验设备上,使用频谱仪进行实际测试,以测试数据拟合出曲线,该曲线符合理论分析及仿真曲线,即理论分析、仿真与设备测试结果一致.可以得出结论,在主字母体制信号可解调的条件下,调制系数与主字母信号经FM调制后的功率的关系函数为对数函数,从而可为工程参数的选择提供参考范围,有利于工程应用.