Communication System Architecture for Air Traffic Management and Weather Information Dissemination

The authors present the communication system architecture for air traffic management and weather information dissemination as viewed within the context of the overall National Airspace System (NAS) and the services it provides. This presents the architecture in the 2015 time frame when the final phases of transition take place from analog voice to digital data exchange of common data via integrated networks. The results of this transition are an integrated collection of systems and procedures that efficiently use the capacity of the NAS while balancing access to all user classes and maintaining the highest levels of safety. Efficient collaboration among users is built on a foundation of common data. This information base provides common situational awareness to all participants. All users are accommodated and will receive benefits commensurate with equipage level. This architecture development provides a technical framework for decision-making, research, and analysis of communication technologies     

浅谈ERP在财务管理中的地位与作用

企业资源计划（ERP）系统是集信息技术与先进的管理于一身，实现对整个供应链的有效管理，满足企业合理调配资源，成为企业在信息时代生存、发展的有力保障，同时也为财务管理提供了基础信息。在技术层面上，它是利用信息技术的成果，对企业内部的各类资源进行规划、统筹与整合。管理层面它又是一个较完整的集成化管理信息系统。     

故障注入技术在飞行器非电系统中的应用进展

故障注入是一种基于试验的测评方法，是飞行器综合健康管理的重要组成部分，在提高飞行器的安全性方面具有重要作用。本文介绍了故障注入技术的基本原理，详细阐述了故障注入的各种实现方法在飞行器中的应用现状，重点分析了故障注入技术在飞行器结构、防热、液压、机械等非电系统应用中的关键技术以及存在的技术难点，并展望了该领域的发展。     

基于天地一体化信息网络的智能航空客运系统

计算机小型化、物联网、无线宽带通信、人工智能技术近年来发展迅速,对社会产生了巨大影响,作为使能技术,其在航空上的应用将对飞机设计、飞机飞行和维修保障等领域产生革命性的变革。未来的飞机将具有强大的信息智能感知和处理能力,依托天地一体化信息网络实现多维度物联,并结合智能地面系统,共同完成智能飞行、智能维护和智能运营等业务流程。本文总结了上述新技术的发展现状及其航空应用前景,提出了基于天地一体化信息网络的智能航空客运系统的概念,设计了系统架构,描绘了典型应用场景,识别了关键技术并指出了面临的挑战。研究成果有助于飞机制造商更好地设计面向未来的智能飞机,也有助于航空公司对智能飞机进行高效的运营和管理。     

低性能代偿损失的环境控制系统方案研究

从集成能源子系统的概念出发,提出了一种以环控系统为核心的热能管理组合方案。建立了该组合方案在巡航模式下工作时的数学模型,对其参数匹配的方法进行了探讨。并对主要附件性能的影响进行了分析。     

高速光纤总线在导弹综合信息一体化技术中的应用

随着弹上设备日益复杂和综合,高速光纤总线网络以其带宽高、质量轻、可靠性高、电磁兼容性好等特点,成为实现导弹综合信息一体化的有效途径。结合新一代导弹武器综合信息传输需求,提出了一种适合弹上信息传输的基于反射内存超高速光纤总线设计方案,完成了反射内存接口适配器的设计,搭建了测试验证系统。测试结果表明,该光传实时网络可在一定程度上满足弹上信息传输系统在传输速率、实时性、可靠性、容错能力等方面不断增长的要求。     

Human Factors R&D Requirements for Future Aerospace Cockpit Systems

Cockpits are rapidly changing from dedicated instruments to multifunction displays, integrated controls, and computer controlled subsystems. Solid-state displays, voice recognition, and artificial intelligence are just a few of the emerging technologies that will help the pilot perform his mission in the future. Early investigations involving mission analysis, sensor data, software development, and evaluations will be required to insure total integration. These new technologies will require extensive human factors research in the areas of anthropometry, displays, controls, human/computer interface, automation, and workload assessment to support the integration process. This research will help provide weapons systems that have increased survivability and reduced pilot workload. This paper addresses some of the human factors research that will be needed to help develop future cockpit systems. It also reviews the basic evolution of the crew station and some of the emerging technologies that will drive human factors research in the 1990s. In the past, crew systems were designed to provide each aircraft function with a corresponding instrument display, such as airspeed indicator, altimeter, attitude direction indicator, vertical velocity indicator, etc. The bulk of the information had to be integrated by the pilot. Present systems are in a state of transition. We are rapidly moving from individual instruments to multifunction displays. The C-17, HH-60, F-15E, B-1B, F-111D, and F-16C/D aircraft use multifunction, cathode-ray tube displays, some of which are color. Another trend is the continued increase in the use of integrated controls.     

基于电子海图的船舶动态信息显示系统

随着全球经济发展、海事活动的迅猛增加,我国建立了船舶交通管理系统(VTS)、船舶自动识别系统(AIS)等诸多应用于海事管理工作的信息系统.然而这些系统之间彼此独立、数据分散,且通过纸质海图进行标绘,不能为海事工作提供全面、快速、统一的信息支持.针对这一现状,本文设计了一套基于电子海图的船舶动态信息显示系统.该系统融合了VTS、AIS等现有信息资源,通过电子海图显示平台实现船舶动态信息的可视化,并且能够实时查询综合应急信息,有利于海岸、港湾的船舶管理及海上船舶的安全航行,提高了应急指挥的效率.     

Expert System Applications to the Cockpit of the '90s

There is a strong requirement for a new generation of avionics systems with a more integrated hardware and software structure. This integrated avionics system will use significant increases in computer automation with more innovative signal processing, sensor fusion and expert system software to reduce pilot workload, while improving total system performance and reliability. Expert system software packages will be implemented within the core architecture of these next generation integrated avionics systems to assist the pilot. The expert systems will consider the pertinent information available from the ``sensor' subsystems to assess the current situation. The expert systems then consult their knowledge base and rule base software structures to determine alternative reactions to the perceived situation. Then pending upon the critical of the function, situation and reaction, the expert system could either execute the most favorable reaction or display the suggested alternative courses of action to the pilot. This paper addresses the requirement, the enabling technologies and the potential structure of this next generation of avionics. It concludes with two examples of the potential of future avionics expert systems. The two examples are 1) A Navigation and Route Planning Expert and 2) A Threat Assessment and Threat Reaction Expert. Significant things are happening in technology at an accelerating pace that enable the development of this new generation of avionics.     

基于多电飞机的先进供电技术研究

阐述了多电飞机的特征,对多电飞机供电系统先进技术进行了研究,探讨了基于多电飞机的电气系统结构、电源系统、配电系统、负载自动管理技术等。     

An annunciator architecture for the year 2000

Exciting new safeguards and security technologies are on the horizon, and some are even on the shelves today. Self-testing sensors, smart sensors, and intelligent alarm analyzers are all designed to provide useful information to the operator. However, today's current annunciator systems were not designed to accommodate these new technologies. New display technologies are also changing the look and feel of the annunciator of the future. Annunciator technology needs to “catch up” to these other security technologies. This paper presents the concept for a new, object-oriented approach to annunciator architecture design. The new architecture could accommodate simple, switch-closure devices as well as information-rich sensors and intelligent analyzers. In addition the architecture could allow other leading-edge interfaces to be easily integrated into the annunciator system. These technologies will reduce operator workload and aid the operator in making informed security decisions     

下一代数据中继卫星系统发展思考

通过系统阐述中继卫星系统的发展过程,给出了主要国家和组织的中继卫星系统技术体制和现状.再结合卫星、载人航天器和深空探索的未来发展趋势,分析了下一代中继卫星系统的发展需求.在此基础上,从体系结构、卫星平台、链路调制体制、网络协议等方面,探讨并给出了下一代中继卫星系统的发展趋势和技术途径.为满足未来近地、深空航天任务,以及临近、低空快速移动用户的不同要求,节约系统成本,下一代中继卫星系统将向专业化和与其他系统融合的方向发展:星间链路将增加激光链路,数据速率可达到10 Gbit/s以上;多址业务成为主用,同时支持用户数能力将极大提高;对于链路调制体制,在采用CR(Cognitive Radio,认知无线电)和SDR(Software Defined Radio,软件定义无线电)技术的基础上,可实现实时自适应调整和根据需求加载配置;数据传输将采用网络化方式,天地间构成一体化DTN(Delay Tolerant Network,容延迟网络).     

飞行器管理系统研究综述

飞行器管理系统(VMS)是目前国外先进战斗机中广泛采用的综合控制与管理技术。对VMS的研究内容进行了详细介绍和分析,包括物理综合和功能综合的含义、VMS功能、体系结构的研究思路、VMS的设计流程及其关键技术。最后指出综合化和智能化是VMS的新的研究方向。     

Percolation transition in temporal airport network

The air transportation system has a critical impact on the global economy. While the system reliability is essential for the operational management of air traffic, it remains challenging to understand the network reliability of the air transportation system. This paper focuses on how the global air traffic is integrated from local scale along with operational time. The integration process of air traffic into a temporally connected network is viewed as percolation process by increasing the integration time constantly. The critical integration time T_P which is found during the integration process can measure the global reliability of air traffic. The critical links at T_P are also identified, the delay of which will influence the global integration of the airport network. These findings may provide insights on the reliability management for the temporal airport network.     

Secure Flow: a totally integrated transportation security system

Secure Flow is a holistic, integrated methodology that addresses all security vectors (paths that a terrorist may take to enter a threat object into the transportation system), allowing people, baggage, and cargo to move via various transportation systems in a secure fashion, while maintaining an "ease of access" to these diverse systems through innovative technology, procedures, and training. Secure Flow is a totally integrated transportation security system. It is a strategic program with multiple integration projects each being a vector such as: checked baggage, checkpoint, cargo/mail, airport, aircraft, port terminal, and cruise ships. Secure Flow identifies requirements for the establishment of protocols, standards, communications, and development of technologies to link deployable security equipment into a totally integrated transportation security system. The objective of Secure Flow is to secure the flow of passengers, baggage, and cargo from origin to destination to meet the operationally viable needs of the future seamless US Transportation System for the traveling public.     

构建靶场安全控制辅助决策系统探讨

日益繁重和复杂的靶场试验对靶场安全控制能力要求不断提高,保护航区周围重要目标的安全成为靶场地面安全控制系统的重要使命.针对这一现实需求提出了安全控制决策自动化问题.在分析影响安全控制决策依据的安全控制信息的基础上,构建基于一体化体系结构的靶场安全控制辅助决策系统,建立专家系统模型;探讨了基于模糊推理的导弹工作状态判定问题的推理规则,设计了安全控制辅助决策系统各模块功能;总结了系统须解决的关键技术问题及实现的技术途径.为靶场安全控制辅助决策系统建设提供了科学依据.     

对建设首都国际机场地面信息管理系统的研究

在一个机场对各种信息进行统一的管理，实现信息共享，为机场工作人员和旅客提供准确、及时的航班信息，提高机场的管理水平和运营效率，最好的办法就是建设机场集成化信息管理系统。本文介绍了北京首都国际机场各电子系统的现状和新建的集成化信息管理系统的方案     

人工智能赋能空域系统,提升空域分层治理能力

为应对未来平台无人化、用户多元化、服务个性化的航空发展趋势,空域运行将呈现分层治理的发展趋势。而随着算力、算法与数据的持续提升与积累,数据驱动的人工智能方法将持续为层次化的空域系统赋能。本文从超低空、城市、区域、枢纽、亚轨道等5个层次化场景梳理我国空域系统的发展趋势;提炼得出空域运行面临的核心难点与关键科学问题;提出基于数据驱动的人工智能方法求解空域运行科学问题的研究框架、研究内容和应关注的关键技术;结合层次化典型应用场景,简要分析智能空域运行的具体应用案例;最后对人在空域运行中的作用提出了新的思考。     

风洞试验绳牵引并联支撑技术研究进展

新型飞行器的研制越发强调先进的飞行性能,这对风洞试验模型支撑技术提出了高的要求,为扩展风洞试验的能力,迫切需要研究新型的智能支撑技术。绳牵引并联支撑是基于机器人技术的一种新型机构,具有刚度较大,动态性能良好等优点,为风洞试验提供了一种新的手段。首先,全面论述了绳系支撑在风洞试验中的应用,并给出动态分析;进一步根据绳牵引并联支撑技术的特点,将其分为可实现受迫运动的冗余约束支撑,以及可实现受迫+自由运动的欠约束支撑;其次,重点阐述了冗余约束与欠约束两类支撑系统的若干关键技术问题及其研究进展;最后,指出绳牵引并联支撑技术的发展方向是具有可重构性和智能化。可为绳牵引并联支撑技术在风洞试验中的工程应用提供一定的理论指导与技术支持。     

X-33 redundancy management system

The X-33 is an unmanned advanced technology demonstrator with a mission to validate new technologies for the next generation of Reusable Launch Vehicles. Various system redundancies are designed in the X-33 to enhance the probability of successfully completing its mission in the event of faults and failures during flight. One such redundant system is the Vehicle and Mission Computer that controls the X-33 ea, and manages the avionics subsystems. Historically, redundancy management and applications such as flight control and vehicle management tended to be highly coupled. One of the technologies that the X-33 will demonstrate is the Redundancy Management System (RMS) that uncouples the applications from the redundancy management details, in the same way that real-time operating systems have uncoupled applications from task scheduling, communication and synchronization details