位错对形变304亚稳态不锈钢中奥氏体的电化学性能的影响

AISI 304亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢形变时容易发生相变,为避免产生相变马氏体而专注于研究位错的影响,采用局部电化学技术研究了拉伸应变分别为0%、10%、20%、30%和40%时的AISI 304不锈钢中奥氏体晶粒的电化学性能的变化规律,并分析了位错密度及位错组态对阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线等电化学性能的影响机理。研究结果表明:奥氏体的阻抗随位错密度的增大而降低,在低应变水平下位错密度的增大对阳极电流密度的降低有着重要作用;阳极电流密度随应变水平增加而增加,达到一个最大值后显著下降。通过扫描开尔文探针(SKP)的测量结果,计算得知位错堆积数比位错密度对阳极电流密度的影响更为显著,尤其是对于高应变水平不锈钢。     

稀土高强铝锂合金力学性能及微观变形行为

在 2 0 90铝锂合金和添加微量稀土铈的 2 0 90铝锂合金 (2 0 90 +Ce)的拉伸性能测试的基础上 ,利用TEM技术对拉伸试样中位错组态进行了观察 ,探讨宏观力学性能与微观变形行为间的联系。结果表明 ,2 0 90 +Ce铝锂合金仍表现出较明显的共面滑移特征 ,所不同的是其滑移带比较细密均匀 ,并且具有交滑移特征 ;而不含稀土的普通 2 0 90铝锂合金中共面滑移带较粗 ,且带与带间距宽 ;弱束暗场观察发现 ,2 0 90 +Ce铝锂合金中某些大角度晶界上及附近存在较强的应变衬度 ,这说明该合金仍存在较强的局域应变倾向     

LY-12铝合金应变疲劳性能和疲劳位错结构

系统研究了LY-12铝合金自然时效及240℃人工时效试样的应变疲劳性能和疲劳位错结构。通过疲劳位错组态、位错的滑移特征以及位错同微观组织相互作用的研究,解释了该种实际合金的疲劳性能。     

4H-SiC材料中刃型位错的仿真模拟研究

根据4H-SiC刃型位错的特点,在Castep软件中建立了6×6×1的刃型位错模型。基于第一性原理,利用Castep程序对刃型位错的相关性质进行了计算,并与完整晶格的模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明在引入刃型位错之后,4H-SiC材料的带隙变窄,在靠近导带底部态密度出现了一个新的峰值,这主要是由位错芯处的悬挂键在禁带中引入了一个缺陷能级所致。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的高温蠕变行为

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金在1000℃的高温低应力蠕变行为。实验结果表明:合金蠕变速率呈现出先减小再增大的变化趋势,当应变量达到一定临界值(1±0.2)%后,变形速率迅速上升,蠕变进入第三阶段。高温蠕变初始阶段的主要变形机制为a/2〈110〉{111}型位错环在基体内运动。合金在高温蠕变稳态阶段的主要变形机制为位错切割γ’相,切割位错主要有螺型位错对和[001]超位错两种形式。     

TC11钛合金在疲劳－蠕变交互作用下的形变特征及位错结构

 研究了经常规,近β和β锻造工艺所获得的具有等轴、双态和网篮３种显微组织的ＴＣ１１钛合金在疲劳－蠕变交互作用下的形变特性及位错结构。发现不同显微组织或同一组织内部的初生α和条状α具有的层错能不同是形成不同位错亚结构的根本原因。     

直角切削6061-T6铝合金剪切区力学行为及微观结构演化预测

力学行为是塑性变形微观过程的宏观表现,早期的金属切削理论模型没有考虑微观结构对切削力的影响。在考虑热力耦合效应的基础上建立了基于位错密度材料模型的6061-T6铝合金直角切削力预测模型,分析了不同切削参数下基于位错运动的塑性变形机制对切削力的影响。结合等分剪切区和非等分剪切区模型,构建了第一变形区多物理场计算方法,提出一种切屑形成过程中由塑性变形引起的微观结构演化解析模型。通过测量切削力和切屑内晶粒尺寸对模型的可行性进行了初步验证。结果表明：剪切区长度变长引起参与位错滑移的材料增多是切削深度增大导致切削力增大的主要原因。增大切削速度导致切削力的降低不是单一变量影响的结果,而是应变降低引起位错增殖数量减少和温度升高引起位错湮灭作用增加的共同作用结果。非等分剪切区模型正确反映了第一变形区温度和应力的分布特征,且与二维有限元模型分布相一致,建立的第一变形区微观结构演化解析模型能够预测切屑内位错密度和晶粒尺寸。     

ECAP对纯铝拉伸性能和断裂行为影响的研究

利用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)对纯铝进行了连续的挤压,结合位错及断口形貌,分析了位错强化及断裂机制.结果表明, 剪切变形使位错滑移,晶粒细化,挤压4道次后材料屈服强度、抗拉强度分别较初始态提高了38.5%和24.0%,断裂机制呈现典型的沿晶断裂特征.     

Cu/Al爆炸冲击界面连接及拉伸与切削性能的分子动力学模拟

基于分子动力学方法,从微观角度揭示Cu/Al焊接点处的瞬时爆炸焊接过程,研究纳米焊接件接头处的力学特性及切削加工性能。结果表明:铝、铜板互相碰撞后动能转化为内能,异种原子间互相熔合渗透形成接头;焊接件拉伸时弹性模量介于单晶铝和单晶铜之间,抗拉强度为6.89 GPa,这一值大于宏观实验结果,但所对应的应变率10.67%与实验中的11%接近;在接头区域附近,位错与无序晶格的相互作用造成了塑性变形阶段的应力强化,使得拉伸应力值大于两种单晶;这一强化机制也体现在刀具切削接头区域时的平均切削力大于单晶铜、铝的平均值,与实验结果相一致;无序晶格区严重的位错形核有利于位错产生且沿与切削方向呈45°传播,传播时的塞积导致切削加工硬化效应。     

振动处理对铝合金焊接结构变形与内应力的影响

铝合金的焊后延迟变形是生产中影响产品质量的重要问题，本文研究一种投资少、见效快的解决方法－振动处理。实验证明振动处理能降低铝合金焊接结构残余应力峰值，使内应力均匀化，对于控制焊接延迟变形有明显效果。振动后对焊缝组织的微观结构分析显示，振动处理降低了位错密度，因为位错密度是内应力的直接表征，因此振动处理的作用效果可以用振动前后微观结构的变化来解释。     

锯齿冠低压涡轮工作叶片叶冠防错位设计方法

针对锯齿冠低压涡轮工作叶片在使用过程中发生的叶冠错位故障,在综合分析各次叶冠错位故障发生原因的基础上,总结了锯齿冠低压涡轮工作叶片叶冠错位模式,绘制了模式图,并针对各种叶冠错位模式提出了1套完整的锯齿冠低压涡轮工作叶片预防叶冠错位的设计方法。在2型发动机上进行应用的结果表明,本方法是切实可行的。     

A step deformation method for superplasticity improvement of coarse-grained Ti–15V–3Cr-3Sn-3Al

Ti–15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al(Ti–15–3), a kind of metastable beta titanium which has high specific strength and good cold-formability, is highlighted for applications in the aerospace manufacture industry. However, the technique for improving its formability at elevated temperatures is still a challenge at present. In this work, a step deformation method is proposed for superplasticity improvement of coarse grained Ti–15–3 plates at temperatures around its beta transus. The effects of the strain rate and the strain at the first stage on the superplasticity are investigated. The results show an increase of the strain rate sensitivity and a decrease of the flow stress under the step deformation mode compared to those obtained under constant strain rates at 780℃. The maximum strain to failure obtained in the step mode is 93% higher than that deformed in the constant strain rate mode. Strain rates, strains at the first stage, and temperatures have influences on the superplasticity improvement. The deformation mechanism is concluded as subgrain formation accommodated by grain boundary sliding rate-controlled by dislocation climb. The improved m value in the step deformation is accounted to the extra dislocation density produced during the strain rate reduction.     

镍基单晶合金黏塑性行为的微力学模型

考虑镍基单晶合金细观两相共格的微组织结构特点,采用周期性胞元假设,在胞元不同区域构建其三维应力应变解析模型,并针对细观胞元中位错的增殖、攀移、切割及恢复等主要机制建立其黏塑性应变模型,二者结合较全面地模拟了镍基单晶合金SC16和DD3在1123 K和1033 K下的单调拉伸、蠕变及循环特性.根据模拟结果,对黏塑性应变模型中各个位错机制所起的作用及控制方式进行了具体分析,通过与试验曲线比较,得到了较一致的结果.      

Substructure evolution in two phases based constitutive model for hot deformation of TC18 in α + β phase region

The α + β dual phase titanium alloys are key structural materials in aviation and aerospace industries, and the complicated flow behavior of these titanium alloys during hot deformation requires to establish a constitutive model incorporating physical mechanism for optimizing processing parameters and designing forming tools. This work aims to establish a constitutive model incorporating physical mechanism for hot deformation of TC18 in α + β phase region. Firstly, the flow behavior and microstructure evolution for hot deformation of TC18 in α + β phase region are characterized. The TC18 shows significant strain hardening rate and negative strain hardening exponent around and after peak flow stress, respectively. After peak flow stress, Dynamic Recovery (DRV) mechanism dominates the evolution of α and β phases according to the results of substructure evolution. Then, the internal state variables method is applied to establish a constitutive model incorporating physical mechanism for hot deformation of dual phase titanium alloys. The variation of dislocation density during the hot deformation of titanium alloys is modeled by considering the accumulation of dislocation due to the impediment to dislocation movement by substructure obstacles and the annihilation of dislocation due to the dynamic restoration effect. The interaction between dislocations, the subgrain boundaries and the grain/phase boundaries obstruct the dislocation movement in the α phase, and the first two obstructs the dislocation movement in the β phase during the hot deformation of TC18. The dislocation annihilation process in the α and β phases during the hot deformation of TC18 is dominated by DRV. Finally, the substructure evolution in the two phases based constitutive model for hot deformation of TC18 in α + β phase region is presented. This model is well applied to predict the flow stress and quantitively analyze the role of DRV effect in the evolution of α and β phases during the hot deformation of TC18.     

Creep Behaviors of FGH95 Powder Ni-Base Superalloy

This article makes an investigation into the creep behavior and deformation features of FGH95 powder Ni-base superalloy by means of creep curves and microstructural observation. Results show that this superalloy exposes obvious sensibility to the applied temperature and stresses in the experimental range. Microstructure of the alloy consists of γ′ phase of various sizes and dispersed carbide particles precipitated in the wider crystal boundaries between the powder particles. During the creep, the deformation of the alloy occurs in the form of single- or double-oriented slipping inside the grains, and some of the finer carbide particles are precipitated near the slipping traces. The wide grain boundaries might be broken into the finer grains due to severe deformation. The deformation mechanism of the alloy during creep is thought to be the activation of dislocations of double-oriented slipping, including (1/2)<110> dislocation inside the γ matrix phase and <110> super-dislocation inside the γ′ phase. The formation of the stacking faults and (1/3)<112> super-Shockleys partial dislocation configuration is attributed to the decomposition of <110> super-dislocation in the γ′ phase.     

表面深滚处理对纯镍组织性能及残余应力分布的影响

通过一种新型表面自纳米化方法———表面深滚处理,在纯镍（N4）表面制备出晶粒尺寸小于500nm 的梯度超细晶结构,并对材料次表面微观组织结构、残余应力分布及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：N4经过表面深滚处理,表面形成织构;由于剧烈塑性变形,位错大量产生,并出现胞状组织和高密度位错墙,这些组织经过演化形成超细晶,并在表面形成具有一定厚度的残余压应力场;与原始材料相比,经过表面深滚处理后表面组织硬度提高近一倍;通过合理选择滚压参数,其细化层厚度、硬度、表面粗糙度及残余应力分布均得到不同程度改善。