国外海洋卫星发展综述

海洋在天气和气候变化中扮演着重要角色。通过海洋卫星对海洋进行监测在维护海洋权益、军事保障、资源调查、环境监测和灾害预测等方面有重要作用。     

中国航天

中国将发8颗海洋卫星监测全部管辖海域据中国国家卫星海洋应用中心透露,2020年前,我国将发射8颗海洋系列卫星,形成对我国全部管辖海域乃至全球海洋水色环境和动力环境遥感监测的能力。按照《陆海观测卫星业务发展规划》,这8颗海洋卫星包括4颗海洋水色卫星、2颗海洋动力环境卫星和2颗海陆雷达卫星,在     

短消息

正中法海洋卫星正式在轨交付近日,中法两国合作研制的首颗卫星——中法海洋卫星正式在轨交付自然资源部投入业务应用。该卫星是我国海洋卫星系列的重要组成部分,其经地面应用系统输出的全球海面风场、海浪谱产品已经在台风、飓风灾害监测、南北极海冰监测、海洋数值预报、短期海洋预报中得到应用验证,效果良好。中国科学家首次揭晓月球背面地下浅层结构近日,中国科学院国家天文台科研团队利     

国外海洋卫星应用发展现状及趋势

正海洋卫星(Ocean satellite)是在气象卫星和陆地资源卫星的基础上发展起来的地球观测卫星,按照功能可分为海洋动力环境卫星、海洋水色卫星和海洋监视监测卫星。美国是世界上首个发展海洋卫星遥感技术的国家,目前,全球共有海洋卫星或具备海洋探测能力的对地观测卫     

开发海洋资源的法宝"海洋"系列卫星小而精

21世纪被人类称为"海洋世纪".然而,要想对这一占地球面积70.8%且不断运动着的水体进行全面、及时的了解,掌握其活动规律,探清其蕴藏的巨大资源,靠一般方法是很难的.就目前和可以预见的将来来看,海洋卫星是认识海洋真面目的最佳利器.利用它可以经济、方便地对大面积海域实现实时、同步和连续的监测,它已是公认的海洋环境监视监测的主要手段.     

海洋卫星接收站布局南极

<正>国家卫星海洋应用中心、国家海洋环境预报中心主任蒋兴伟日前透露,我国拟在南极地区建立遥感卫星接收站,以完善我国海洋卫星应用体系,从而进一步加强对全球海洋环境的实时监测,为我国应对全球气候变化提供数据支持。     

国外海洋卫星的现状与未来

卫星海洋遥感对观测与研究全球海洋环境和海洋资源具有重要作用,其特点是快速、连续、大范围和能同时观测多个参数。目前,全球已发射了40多颗探测海洋的卫星,包括专用海洋卫星和装载多种遥感器具有大气、海洋、陆地等环境监测能力的综合型遥感卫星。海洋卫星是专门用于观测和研究海洋的人造地球卫星。虽然利用气象卫星和资源卫星也可以获得一些海洋现象的信息,但由于海洋现象和变化     

开发海洋资源的法宝——"海洋"系列海洋卫星

21世纪被人类称为“海洋世纪”。然而，要想对这一占地球面积70.8％的不断运动着的水体进行全面、及时的了解，掌握其活动规律，探满其蕴藏的巨大资源，靠一般方法是很难的。就目前和可以预见的将来来看，海洋卫星是认识海洋真面目的最佳利器，利用它可以经济地、方便地对大面积海域实现实时、同步和连续的监测，它已经被公认是海洋环境监视监测的主要手段。     

倚天观海,助力海洋发展战略——中国海洋卫星应用面面观

正近几十年来,中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护,尤其是随着"一带一路"战略的实施,建设海洋强国、维护海洋权益和加快发展海洋经济,对海洋探测与应用能力提出了更高的要求。海洋卫星具有全天时、全天候、同步、快速、高频次、长期连续观测等优势,可以经济、方便地对大面积海域实现实时、同步、连续的监测,是认识、研究、开发、利用和管理海洋的重要技     

一个美丽的减灾星座即将升空

环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座（简称环境一号星座）是中国首个以灾害和环境监测为主要用途的卫星监测体系。该项目已被纳入中国“十五”期间的民用航天发展规划，是发展气象、资源、海洋与灾害、科学技术实验与技术试验五大卫星系列的重要组成部分。它的正式启动，标志着我国民用航天特别是对地观测卫星开创了一个崭新的领域。     

Results About Ocean Satellite Observation

They have played more and more important roles in marine pollution monitoring, marine environment and marine disaster monitor and forecasting, marine resource investigation and marine scientific research. In this paper, the author will give a brief review of China's operational and scientific activities in satellites ocean observation during 2008 to 2010. These activities include the application of the HY-1B for red tide and green tide detecting and monitoring, sea ice monitoring, fishery resources assessment at coastal zone and ocean, marine water quality assessment, sea surface temperature monitoring and forecasting, ocean primary productivity and carbon cycle research, and the development in the ocean dynamic environment parameter application technology before launch of HY-2. The achievements we have made in the ocean observation and monitoring during the past 3 years indicate that, the development of the ocean satellite series and the application of the ocean satellite can greatly promote the development of China's three-dimensional marine observation system and earth-observation system from space, accordingly we can improve the ability of acquiring the marine environmental parameter to sustain the marine economy development and the sea defense construction.      

Ocean Observation from Haiyang Satellites: 2012–2014

During 2012 and 2014, China has two Haiyang(which means ocean in Chinese, referred to as HY) satellites operating normally in space which are HY-1B and HY-2A. HY-1B is an ocean color environment satellite which was launched in April 2007 to observe global ocean color and sea surface temperature, and HY-2A is an ocean dynamic environment satellite which was launched in August 2011 to obtain global marine dynamic environment parameters including sea surface height,significant wave height, ocean wind vectors, etc. Ocean observation data provided by HY-1B and HY-2A have been widely used by both domestic and international users in extensive areas such as ocean environment protection, ocean disaster prevention and reduction, marine environment forecast,ocean resource development and management, ocean investigations and scientific researches, etc.     

Ocean Observation from Haiyang Satellites

In 2018, China successfully launched three new Haiyang (which means ocean in Chinese, referred to as HY) satellites which are an ocean color observation satellite HY-1C (operational), an ocean dynamics environment satellite HY-2B (operational) and the China-France ocean satellite CFOSAT (experimental). In 2019, all the three satellites had finished their commissioning phases and were declared operational. HY-2A satellite continues to operate in-orbit, and its operational status is basically normal. So in 2020, China has 4 Haiyang satellites in-orbit, China's ocean satellites enter into a new operational application phase. The operation of the ground application system of Chinese ocean satellites is stable. In 2019, Beijing, Hainan, Mudanjiang, and Hangzhou ocean satellite ground stations had received the data of HY-1C, HY-2A, HY-2B, and CFOSAT 5012 orbits and 26.46 TB data had been distributed to both domestic and international users. Chinese ocean satellite data has played an important role in marine disaster prevention and mitigation, development and management of marine resources, maintenance of marine rights and interests, marine environment protection, scientific researches, and blue economy development.      

海洋监视卫星无源被动定位精度分析

分析了利用三星编队卫星对海上目标进行无源侦察、监视的原理,建立了利用时差定位法进行定位的精度模型,在此基础上推导了卫星对目标的定位精度与卫星编队构型、轨道高度、与目标的相对位置及卫星定轨精度和测量误差的关系。对模型进行了仿真计算和分析,仿真结果表明:合理增加卫星间的基线长度,保持卫星编队构型及其与目标间相对位置的均匀性可以有效提高卫星对目标的定位精度。     

低轨卫星的北斗反射信号海洋覆盖分析

北斗系统作为我国自行研制的导航系统，具有独特的混合星座特性，其反射事件在海洋上的空间分布和覆盖性能的研究成果较少。针对上述问题，模拟了北斗三号（Beidou System 3，BDS3）以及全球定位系统（Global Positioning System，GPS）空间星座，模拟不同性能参数的低轨接收卫星，在此仿真系统的基础上，计算反射事件在各仿真场景下的海洋覆盖率以及同时发生反射事件的卫星数量。结果表明：BDS3与GPS相比具有更大的反射事件海洋覆盖率，覆盖性能更优；仿真周期7天与1天相比,前者卫星产生的反射事件海洋覆盖率约为后者5倍；低轨道卫星（Low Earth Orbit,LEO）轨道高度越高，天线波束角度越大，反射事件海洋覆盖率越大；3颗LEO卫星下同时发生反射事件卫星数的平均值约为单颗LEO卫星的3倍。可通过设计多星组网来提高反射事件海洋覆盖率。研究结果对星载反射技术海洋遥感应用方面有一定的参考价值。     

Advances on Technology and Application of Ocean Color Remote Sensing in China (2004 - 2006)

China has great progress in the technology and application of ocean color remote sensing during 2004-2006. In this report, firstly, four major technical advances are displaying, including (1) the vector radiative transfer numerical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system; (2) the atmospheric correction algorithm specialized on Chinese high turbid water; (3) systematical research of hyper-spectrum ocean color remote sensing; (4) local algorithms of oceanic parameters, like ocean color components, ocean primary productivity, water transparency, water quality parameters, etc. On the foundation of technical advances, ocean color remote sensing takes effect on ocean environment monitoring, with four major kinds of application systems, namely, (1) the automatic multi-satellites data receiving, processing and application system; (2) the shipboard satellite data receiving and processing system for fishery ground information; (3) Coastal water quality monitoring system, integrating satellite and airborne remote sensing technology and ship measurement; (4) the preliminary system of airborne ocean color remote sensing application system. Finally, the prospective development of Chinese ocean color remote sensing is brought forward. With Chinese second ocean color satellite (HY-1B) orbiting, great strides will take place in Chinese ocean color information accumulation and application.     

遥感卫星传感器的重复观测能力计算

遥感卫星传感器的重复观测能力是体现卫星系统动态监测能力的重要指标之一. 通过分析卫星星下点成像和侧视成像时的重访条件, 给出了卫星可能实现重访的轨道计算方法, 同时以HJ-1A/1B卫星(环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座的光学星)为例, 给出了特定地区可以实现重访的优选轨道, 并讨论了由两颗卫星组成的卫星星座对重访的影响, 以及纬度对重访的影响.      

Operation and Application of A, B Satellites for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting

Environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting small satellite constellation A and B satellites (HJ-1-A, B) are called "environment and disaster reduction satellites A and B' for short. The constellation adopts a 10:30 LT sun-synchronous circular orbit, with orbit altitude of 649 km. HJ-1-A and HJ-1-B are distributed with a phase difference of 180o in the same orbital plane, so as to enhance the time resolution of earth observation. The satellites have orbit maintenance capability, the lifetime is 3 years. Both satellites adopt CAST968 platforms. Two wide-coverage multispectral CCD cameras with resolution 30 m and width 700 km, a super-spectral imager with resolution 100 m and width 50 km as well as a data transmission subsystem of 120 Mbit/s are deployed on HJ-1-A, which also carries Ka communication testing equipment of Thailand. HJ-1-B has two wide-coverage multispectral CCD cameras (the same as satellite A), one infrared camera with resolution 150 m and width 720 km and a data transmission subsystem of 60 Mbit/s. The coverage period of the wide-coverage multispectral CCD camera is 48 hours. The revisit period of super-spectral imager is 96 hours and the coverage period of infrared camera is 96 hours.      

面向海洋观测的成像卫星任务规划方法

面向海洋观测的成像卫星是一种轨道较高的可见光对地观测卫星,主要用于探测海上船舶活动以及监测海洋环境参数等。对地观测卫星任务规划问题是一个复杂的组合优化问题,通过分析面向海洋观测的成像卫星工作特点及约束条件,建立了一种考虑多数传模式共存的数学模型,提出了一种基于最大收益损失比的卫星任务规划算法。试验结果表明该方法能够有效解决面向海洋观测的成像卫星任务规划问题。     

The First Chinese Ocean Color Satellite HY-1A

HY-1A is China's first ocean color satellite, and was launched on 15 May 2002as a piggyback satellite on the FY-1D satellite using the Long March rocket.There are two sensors on the satellite: China's Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS), and the CCD Coastal Zone Imager (CZI). In the report,first, the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; Second, the quality and availability of the data are evaluated by the mean of the Complex Signal Noise Ratio (CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; Third,the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; Finally, the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped by HY-1A to study its application potentiality. The results show that the HY-1A has a latent capability for the application of marine environment detection, the management and protection of marine resources, and the furthering of national rights and interests.Meanwhile, some modifications are proposed for the next ocean satellite, suchas adding the case of tilt scanning, modification of the CCD element uniformity,and adding more ocean satellite receiving stations.