攻击机对防空雷达的首攻概率研究

通过分析攻击机的辐射源定位/攻击过程,研究了攻击机水平轰炸防空雷达的首攻概率。首先分析了攻击机发现目标过程,并给出了相应的发现目标概率计算模型;其次,具体分析了攻击机水平轰炸防空雷达的进入目标过程,并给出相应的进入目标概率计算模型;最后,通过相关示例对模型中的主要因素进行了分析,证实了模型的有效性。     

基于概率分析法的歼击机导引效能

 基于传统的概率分析法提出一种评估歼击机导引效能的方法。以发现距离作为整个导引阶段的随机变量,提出导引效能指标。将歼击机在水平面内的航向导引分为远距导引与近距导引,分别把导航站引起的导引误差、歼击机对目标的拦截角作为随机变量,分析歼击机进入机载雷达发现区和武器攻击区的情况。通过计算机载雷达的累积发现概率给出发现距离函数。最后以某型歼击机使用中程空空导弹拦截目标为例,计算歼击机向目标的成功导引概率、有效导引距离及有效导引角度,分析主要参数对导引概率的影响规律。该方法可应用于歼击机空战时导引概率的计算。     

使用吊放声纳的直升机应召搜潜发现概率

建立了目标航速为瑞利分布条件下的目标位置分布模型,按照这个模型,研究了使用吊放声纳进行单机应召搜潜的搜索概率的计算方法,并给出了基于圆形搜索方式的不同参数条件下的搜索发现概率的部分计算结果。     

元件强度可靠性的模糊概率计算模型

首先建立了元件强度可靠性分析时基本变量只具有随机性而元件的安全失效状态含有模糊性时,元件的模糊失效概率Ｐｇｆ计算模型,也称广义概率计算模型,在此模型中给出了两种方法,即基本随机变量法和综合随机变量法;然后给出了基本随机变量具有随机模糊性时元件的Ｐｇｆ的计算模型,此模型中不论元件的安全失效状态是否具有模糊性,Ｐｇｆ均可以表示成条件概率     

危害性矩阵分析中故障模式影响概率的确定方法

危害性矩阵分析是进行产品分析和指导改进措施的重要手段,为了解决通过经验决定故障模式影响概率的现状,需采用更加实用客观的方法。根据定量危害性矩阵分析的原理和方法,首先收集故障模式影响概率经验估计法的参照依据和取值范围;然后提出采用故障树计算故障模式影响概率的方法,并用算例进行验证,结果表明故障树计算法避免了人为因素的影响,计算量小,准确性好;最后给出故障模式影响概率的确定流程。     

结构可靠性分析的模糊概率积分法

针对传统应力-强度干涉法计算结构可靠度时求解材料疲劳强度分布困难的情况,提出了一种利用模糊概率理论直接求解结构可靠度的算法——模糊概率积分法。对该方法进行了理论推导;同时考虑到方法应用过程中可能出现方程重积分困难的情况,又给出了以该方法为基础的数值抽样技术,用以计算结构可靠度的近似值。最后给出一个在航空发动机上的应用算例,计算结果表明该方法快速、有效,适合于工程应用。     

基于生存力分析的战斗机超视距空战效能评估

超视距空战已经成为现代空战的主要模式。本文通过对战斗机生存力进行分析,用概率分析法计算了敏感性概率和易损性概率,评估了飞机生存率和飞机损失比等作战效能指标,发展了一种新的超视距空战效能的计算方法。给出了战斗机一对一超视距空战效能评估的计算实例,验证了计算方法的有效性。     

从探测概率的角度评价飞机的隐身性能

采用雷达散射截面(RCS)均值来衡量飞机的隐身性能并不能给出足够充分的信息,从信号检测概率的角度来衡量飞机的可探测性可以提供更完整的信息。本文从探测概率的角度详细分析了4种典型隐身飞机RCS起伏数据与虚警概率、探测概率、探测距离、信噪比(SNR)等参数间的关系,并给出了完整的推导过程,采用此方法可以对任意飞机目标在给定雷达参数下的可探测性进行准确计算。一般在雷达性能评估中需要用到RCS起伏模型,本文对飞机目标回波信号进行检测分析时采用数值计算方法,信号的概率密度函数(PDF)直接来源于原始回波起伏信号,避免了模型拟合带来的回波特性失真,且不会产生大的计算误差。通过对比分析计算结果发现:单脉冲检测下回波信号均值中值比越大,回波取值范围越小,则信号的检测概率越小,其中均值中值比一般相差3倍以上时可以得到明显不同的检测概率;在快起伏假设下,非相参积累检测的积累脉冲数Nin即便较小,也能得到较大的信噪比增益,此增益可能大于Nin。     

攻击机作战效能评估的顶层数学模型

讨论了研究攻击机作战效能时所需要解决的基本问题,给出了描述战区云层分布规律,地形分布规律及侧向参数分布规律的数学模型,研究了机载空对地武器可攻击区,攻击机首攻概率及最大发现目标概率的确定方法,建立了在目标区存在主空系统时计算攻击机攻击效能指标的数学模型。     

基于仿真的空战效能评估分析研究

分析了作战飞机在执行空战任务过程中的使用特点,结合现代空战的特点、考虑四代机的特征及作战飞机各系统间的耦合情况,应用概率理论建立了作战飞机空战效能的计算评估体系,同时给出了发现目标概率、占位开火成功概率、导弹杀伤目标概率3个用于评估空战效能的阶段性指标.根据空战各阶段的特点,应用效能计算评估体系辅以模拟仿真的方法完成了空战效能的评估.结果表明,空战效能评估结果与空战能力评估结果吻合情况很好.     

"狼群"干扰对单、双基地雷达的干扰分析

"狼群"干扰是美国正在研制的一种分布式干扰.文中分析了"狼群"干扰对单、双基地雷达的影响,结果表明,"狼群"干扰对单、双基地雷达构成了严重的威胁.在理论分析计算的基础上,提出了抗"狼群"干扰的可能方法.     

雷达网对压制式干扰的识别和对目标定位

针对威胁雷达的各种干扰进行分析,得出压制式干扰是雷达网的主要威胁干扰。根据压制式干扰的特征以及雷达网中雷达工作方式,对支援干扰(SOJ)、随队干扰(ESJ)、自卫干扰(SSJ)进行识别。文中给出对目标、干扰机进行定位跟踪的方法,为雷达网跟踪目标提供一定的依据。     

频率步进雷达数字信号处理

综述了频率步进雷达系统设计与信息处理中的主要问题,包括系统参数设计、目标抽取算法、与Chirp子脉冲的兼容性、与圆锥扫描体制的兼容性等等,并论述了不同情况下多普勒效应的影响及其解决方法,提出了相应的数字信号处理方案。     

Side zone automotive radar

Side Detection System (SDS) based on radar technology for automotive applications is introduced. The functional requirements of such a system are described and the resulting safety enhancement benefits are summarized. Also, the nature of the radar environment for the side zone application is reviewed in qualitative terms. Minimizing cost is a necessary system design driver, and presents a considerable challenge for radar designs in all but the most primitive capability cases. A cost effective design approach and radar system architecture which solves the side zone application problem of separating potentially hazardous target returns from exorbitant amounts of clutter are discussed in some detail. This design has been in road test for several months, and has achieved enthusiastic customer acceptance     

机载雷达中的单脉冲技术

 本文总结机载雷达中单脉冲技术的研究和应用,着重讨论幅度比较系统的关键技术,给出有关数据。 机载雷达中的单脉冲技术着眼于抗干扰性能和特殊应用。这些应用包括空对地测距、角分辨力改进、地形防撞。本文阐述了这些特殊应用。     

Temporal evolution of the RCS of aircraft wake vortices

Knowledge of the radar scattering characteristics is one of the key issues for the development of wake vortex detection technology. This paper studies the temporal evolution of the RCS (radar cross-section) of wake vortices. The RCS–time plot is observed to increase as a whole and step at a certain time. These properties could provide help to the design of wake vortex detection radar and the optimization of radar station layout. The special spiral structures within the wake, together with the Bragg scattering theory, are used to well explain these phenomena, and some representative radar experiments are also included to verify them.     

Radar Partial Coherence Theory: An Introduction

The nature of physical phenomena is such that scattering from portions of an object, a number of objects, or clutter, is not completely unrelated; the underlying environment causes some degree of order in the phenomenon. Radar partial coherence theory describes a structure for the general target, or clutter, and its relationship to radar cross section, waveform coding, and the radar output signal. The clutter ambiguity function is introduced for extended bodies and embraces the (Woodward) ambiguity function for a point target. Due to nonlinear effects caused by partial coherence within the general target, radar signals and targets are formulated in terms of mutual coherence functions. The basic quantities describing the radar output are 1) the radar mutual coherence function (formulated in terms of the radar waveform) and 2) the target mutual coherence function which depends upon target properties, physical environment, and viewing aspect. Random noise (independent point scatterers) and partially coherent portions of reflecting bodies are made accountable in the theory. Partial coherence effects are treated as patches of reflected energy: self-coherent energy patches plus mutually coherent energy among the patches.     

Optimum Signals for Radar

The research reported herein deals with the general problem of the selection of radar waveforms. The investigation is specifically concerned with the synthesis of radar signals which are optimum in the sense that they are characterized by ambiguity surfaces minimized over certain predetermined regions of the ambiguity plane. The weighted ambiguity surface is utilized as the weighted error criterion. This error criterion is mathematically tractable and pertinent to radar system performance but is not unduly restrictive as some orientation parameters are left unspecified for subsequent cost or penalty function analysis. The signal optimization is approached by variational techniques augmented by equality and inequality constraints, for example, limiting the amount of bandwidth or frequency modulation to be less than some system requirement. Several examples are presented demonstrating the optimization techniques and providing a minimum error for the stated problem. It is shown that for any given type of amplitude modulation of the radar signal, the variance or dispersion of the ambiguity surface is not decreased for any type of phase modulation added. The optimum signal for an elliptical weighting function is derived for several cases. The minimum error is shown to depend upon the constraints and the unspecified orientation parameters and, for one case, on the second moment of the signal.     

CWLFM Radar for Ship Detection and Identification

Continuous wave lineal frequency modulated (CWLFM) radar presents some interesting advantages for coast surveillance and control as well as low probability of interception (LPI). This paper presents real results obtained with a radar prototype and processed with ISAR techniques. Also, results of an automatic ship identification system applied to simulated ISAR images are exposed. Moreover, radar behavior with unfavorable meteorological conditions is discussed     

Use of Airborne Monopulse Radar as a Low Approach Aid

The potential of airborne radar to provide pictorial displays as an aid to low approach has stimulated invention of several aircraft approach systems. Early developments are reviewed briefly, and an experiment in producing and flight testing a two-dimensional, range and azimuth, pictorial radar display is described. The monopulse radar equipment and a monopulse display improvement (MDI) technique used in the flight test to enhance the B-scope display are also described in some detail. Representative radar scope photographs are used to illustrate the display available in the aircraft.