机载合成视觉系统仿真关键技术

引言 航空器在低能见度下的进近着陆一直是航空安全关注的热点问题。尽管已有各种先进的地面导航系统和机载导航设备，低能见度仍然对航空器安全进近着陆产生很大威胁，它是造成可控飞行撞地（CFIT：Controlled Flight into Terrain）和跑道侵入（Runway Intrusion）两类事故的主要因素。飞行员在低能见度条件下操纵航空器进近着陆时，由于缺乏有效的目视参考，     

多点相关定位技术及其在北京首都机场的实施和应用

<正>一、背景北京首都国际机场经历了整整半个世纪的发展,从最初单跑道单航站楼的简单结构演变为3条平行跑道3座航站楼的大型枢纽机场。在航空流量不断增长的同时,机场结构由简至繁,跑滑结构日趋复杂,管制员对进近终端区域航空器     

双流机场跑道侵入分析与解决方法

<正>引言跑道侵入定义是:"在机场发生的任何航空器、车辆或者人员误入指定用于航空器着陆和起飞的地面保护区的情况"。跑道侵入在全世界航空业成为非常重要的课题,跑道侵入事件的发生总是带来非常严重的后果。根据国际民航组织提     

NM7000天线系统维修实例

引言仪表着陆系统(ILS)是国际民航组织于1947年确立的近进导航系统,它为正在着陆过程中的航空器提供航道、下滑道和距离信息,从而使航空器能安全地降落到跑道上。NM7000仪表着陆设备是由挪威Normarca/s公司生产的,其性能指标符合国际民航组织附件10的各项指标要求。NM7000是在     

管制指挥中人的认知加工分析

在实际工作中我们发现了一个有趣的现象。当管制员向飞机发出这样的指令：“（呼号），五凤溪01进港，02号跑道盲降进近，下降到标准气压2100米保持”，机组能正确顺畅地复述出管制指令。但当管制员告诉飞机：“（呼号），下降到标准气压2100米保持，五凤溪01进港，02号跑道盲降进近”，大多数机组都不能正确顺畅地复述出管制指令。如果这时在“下降到标准气压2100米保持”与“五凤溪01进港”间有一较长的停顿，状况就会得到很大的改善。     

基于CPN的机场跑道运行建模分析

引言随着我国航空器数量的不断增长,为航空器提供地面服务的机场变得越来越繁忙,对于机场终端区而言,跑道是空中交通运行的瓶颈,如何高效安全地指挥飞机的地面活动,成为航空器能否正常运行关键因素。国内外已有很多关于机场航班调度的研究,目的都是在不较大地改变现行的控制决策基础上优化交通流,增加机场吞吐量。     

垂直导航方式介绍与分析

引言在运行理念和技术还不够成熟的情况下,各国使用的引导飞机进近的主要方式是非精密进近导航方式,它们只为飞机提供航道信息,而不能提供下滑道信息。航空器在进近过程中,容易使得航空器转向目视飞行的时机过早或者过晚,以至于航空器不能进行着陆,从而复飞或     

浅论飞行程序的优化

机场仪表飞行程序的目的是保证航空器在机场区域内按规定程序安全而有秩序地飞行，以避免在起飞离场和进近着陆的过程中，航空器与地面障碍物、航空器与航空器之间相撞。确保飞行安全，提高经济效益，便于指挥、调配和飞行操纵是建立每一个仪表飞行程序必须达到的要求。安全、经济和简便是机场仪表飞行程序设计应遵循的基本原则。     

浅议飞行程序设计

飞行程序设计就是为航空器设定其在终端区内起飞或下降着陆时使用的飞行路线。设计飞行程序的目的是保证航空器在机场区域内按规定程序安全而有秩序地飞行，避免在起飞离场和进近着陆的过程中，航空器与地面障碍物、航空器与航空器之间相撞。飞行程序设计涵盖了领航学、飞机性能、空中交通管制、气象学等多门学科知识，是一门综合性学科。笔者从事了几年飞行程序设计工作，有些不成熟的“心得体会”，不对之处敬请指正。     

地面管制冲突的解决方法

<正>引言随着航班量的不断增长和机场扩建以及多跑道运行的实施,国内繁忙机场地面管制的复杂程度急剧上升。航空器的各类地面碰撞事故和跑道入侵情况时有发生。给人民群众的生命和国家财产带来了巨大     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

火箭推进剂液体晃动关机响应的数值仿真

本文采用VOF方法对火箭发动机关机阶段所引起的液体晃动进行了数值仿真，以氧化剂贮箱为例，得到了贮箱无阻尼环和带阻尼环时的晃动仿真图和液体质心变化曲线，检验了VOF方法处理碎波的能力。