强化航天型号可靠性工作 深入推进航天型号精细化质量管理

论述了航天型号可靠性工作的发展概况,指出了当前航天型号可靠性工作中存在的突出问题,针对问题从可靠性工作理念、可靠性工作体系及职责、型号可靠性设计、分析与试验、通用产品的可靠性工作和可靠性技术基础几个方面提出了强化航天型号可靠性工作的途径,指出了强化型号可靠性工作的具体方向,为开创航天型号可靠性工作新局面,推进航天型号精细化质量管理提供了准则。     

黑龙江空管分局奥运安保工作全面铺开

随着2008奥运会的临近,黑龙江空管分局就组织各部门主要领导就奥运安保工作进行研究部署,针对空管保障中的预案完善、测试演练、人员培训、设备维护、制度落实、监督检查、隐患排查及整改等多方面的工作开展积极论证,制定《黑龙江空管分局奥运安保工作实施方案》,成立了指挥部,并就每项具体工作制定奥运安保工作实施进度表,相关部门限期完成。方案要求各部门要站在政治高度认真抓好奥运安保工作,根据自身实际情况细化保障措施,重点岗位人员要做到：熟知工作程序、熟知工作职责、熟知工作纪律、熟知通报制度、熟知特情处置预案。并强调各部门开展奥运安保工作要有针对性、连续性,抓住重点、抓好落实,扎扎实实做好此项工作。     

航天企业标准化工作信息系统的构建

简述航天企业标准化工作信息系统结构,介绍系统的标准化基础工作模块、标准工作模块、型号标准化工作模块、标准化效果评价模块、标准检索模块及其各子模块的功能设计。     

探索军工企业标准实施信息采集反馈与分析的手段

阐述标准实施信息采集反馈与分析工作的背景及意义,分析国内外机构或企业开展该项工作的经验,研究标准实施信息采集反馈与分析的适用范围、工作体系、工作流程、信息要素采集及分析等关键问题,提出推进该项工作的保障措施和建议。     

浅述型号研制中的标准化工作

概述了在总公司重点型号研制中标准化工作所起的作用,分析和介绍了在型号研制的论证、方案等阶段做的标准化工作,即建立标准化工作系统、确定标准化工作目标和总体方案、抓好设计的继承性和产品“三化”工作以及加大标准宣贯力度和适时制定急需标准等,并谈了工作体会。     

国内外航天标准化概览

概述了我国航天行业标准化及其工作系统、航天标准化工作范围与工作内容 ,介绍了国内外有关航天标准化工作的情况 ,重点对ECSS、AIAA、SAE、AIA以及ISO等组织标准体系框架、组织机构等作了分析和说明     

管制员“错、忘、漏”深层原因探讨

本文通过运用管制员岗位任务分析法对管制工作的五种工作状态进行分析,对容易出现“错、忘、漏”问题的一些地方进行分析,以期找出容易发生“错、忘、漏”问题的原因,提出相应的对策。一、管制员工作任务分析管制员工作任务分析就是指全面了解和获取与管制工作有关的详细信息的过程。管制员任务分析包括两个方面：一是对管制员工作本身的过程和任务的分析,     

基于人本管理的大学生就业指导与服务体系研究——以桂林航天工业高等专科学校为例

教育部部长袁贵仁同志在2011年就业工作视频会议上指出,2011年是就业工作的服务质量年,构建就业工作服务体系、提升就业工作服务水平是各高校今后开展就业工作的重点。论文结合政策要求和就业工作实际从就业工作的理论依据、加强就业指导理论教育重要性和如何实施四大就业工程三个层面谈大学生就业指导与服务体系的构建,旨在促进大学生的充分就业和高质量就业。     

全面开展企业标准化工作

概述了标准化工作在企业经营、管理中的作用,阐明了企业开展标准化工作,不仅要抓技术标准化,而且要重视工作标准化和管理标准化,制定相应的技术、工作和管理标准,全面地开展企业标准化工作,这样才能提高企业管理水平,确保产品质量,进而获得经济效益。     

浅谈新形势下如何做好标准化审查工作

针对目前公司标准化审查工作的现状,结合标准化工作的特点,从素质培养和加强宣贯、阶段标准化审查重点的把握、规范标准化工作体系等方面提出做好标准化审查工作的应对措施.     

Metabolic changes in the animals subjected to space flight

The activity of the enzymes involved in aminoacid metabolism (tyrosine aminotransferase, TAT, tryptophan pyrrolase TP, serine dehydratase, SD) with rapid response to glucocorticoids and enzymes requiring for activity increase repeated administration of corticosterone (alanine aminotransferase, ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, AST) in liver, the changes of lipolysis in adipose tissue and the plasma corticosterone levels were studied in rats subjected to space flight (F), in animals from synchron model experiments (SM, simulated conditions of space flight in laboratory) and in intact controls (C). The increase of plasma corticosterone concentration and of the activity of rapidly (TAT, TP, SD) and slowly activating enzymes (ALT, AST) was found in F group 6-10 hr after space flight (18.5 days on biosatellite COSMOS 1129). This suggested the presence of acute-stress (associated primarily with the landing) and chronic stress induced hypercorticosteronemia during the flight. After the short 6-day period of recovery the plasma corticosterone concentrations and the activities of liver enzymes returned to control levels. The exposition of animals to repeated immobilization stress showed higher response of corticosterone levels in flight rats as compared to intact controls. No changes in basal lipolysis were observed in flight rats in comparison to intact controls, however the stimulation of lipolysis by norepinephrine was lower in animals from F and SM groups. This lower response of lipolytic processes to norepinephrine was found in flight animals also after six days period of recovery. These results showed that there are important changes in the regulation of lipolytic processes in adipose tissue of rats after space flight and in the conditions of model experiments.     

An endogenous growth pattern of roots is revealed in seedlings grown in microgravity

In plants, sensitive and selective mechanisms have evolved to perceive and respond to light and gravity. We investigated the effects of microgravity on the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Landsberg) in a spaceflight experiment. These studies were performed with the Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) hardware system in the middeck region of the space shuttle during mission STS-131 in April 2010. Seedlings were grown on nutrient agar in Petri dishes in BRIC hardware under dark conditions and then fixed in flight with paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or RNAlater. Although the long-term objective was to study the role of the actin cytoskeleton in gravity perception, in this article we focus on the analysis of morphology of seedlings that developed in microgravity. While previous spaceflight studies noted deleterious morphological effects due to the accumulation of ethylene gas, no such effects were observed in seedlings grown with the BRIC system. Seed germination was 89% in the spaceflight experiment and 91% in the ground control, and seedlings grew equally well in both conditions. However, roots of space-grown seedlings exhibited a significant difference (compared to the ground controls) in overall growth patterns in that they skewed to one direction. In addition, a greater number of adventitious roots formed from the axis of the hypocotyls in the flight-grown plants. Our hypothesis is that an endogenous response in plants causes the roots to skew and that this default growth response is largely masked by the normal 1?g conditions on Earth.     

Interpersonal relationships in isolation and confinement: long-term bed rest in head-down tilt position

The long-term bed-rest was organized by ESA and CNES, in order to simulate the physiological effects of weightlessness: eight volunteers had to stay 42 days in bed, in a head down tilt position (-6 degrees). There were two subjects in a room, they could not be alone and it was difficult for them to have their own personal space and intimacy. In these circumstances, as in outer space, interpersonal relationships were of prime importance. This situation enabled us, through systematic observation, to analyze the evolution of the relational behavior in dyads, and to quote some social indicators of adaptation. Results show significant withdrawal, and the time spent alone was marked by the emergence, during the experiment, of specific preferential activities. Behavioral contagion was observed in each dyad (people engaged in the same activities at the same time), except in the one case of abandon. Moreover, the highest rates of inactivity and withdrawal were noted in this case. Verbal indicators were useful to comment these results and showed that, for all the dyads, one of the two subjects always played a regulating role by expressing a very positive perception of the situation. These results emphasize the importance of psycho-sociological factors in isolation and confinement. Thus, it appears that different modalities of interpersonal relationships, and not only verbal interactions, play a significant role in adaptation to stress situations.     

Fundamental Constraints on the Coherence of Probing Signals in the Problem of Maximizing the Resolution and Range in the Stroboscopic Range of Asteroids

The problem of coherence violation in stroboscopic ranging with a high resolution in the range due to mutual phase instability of probing and reference radio signals has been considered. It has been shown that the violation of coherence in stroboscopic ranging systems is equivalent to the action of modulating interface and leads to a decrease in the system sensitivity. Requirements have been formulated for the coherence of reference generators in the stroboscopic processing system. The results of statistical modeling have been presented. It was shown that, in the current state of technology with stability of the frequencies of the reference generators, the achieved coherence is sufficient to probe asteroids with super-resolving signals in the range of up to 70 million kilometers. In this case, the dispersion of the signal in cosmic plasma limits the value of the linear resolution of the asteroid details at this range by the value of ~2.7 m. Comparison with the current radar resolution of asteroids has been considered, which, at the end of 2015, were ~7.5 m in the range of ~7 million kilometers.     

Current US remote sensing policies: opportunities and challenges

This article examines recent progress in US land remote sensing policies by reviewing the evolution of policy on commercial imaging satellites from 1992 to the present and charting developments in the Landsat programme. Key features of the new (2003) commercial remote sensing policy are described, which go far in addressing the ambiguities of the earlier (PDD-23) framework that, in practice, hampered development of a commercial industry. In the case of Landsat, problems, particularly those of assured data provision, remain. The key to solving them lies in integrating civil, military and commercial elements more coherently, rather than considering them in isolation.     

机器视觉在军事领域的应用现状及发展趋势

机器视觉技术凭借其非接触测量、实时性好、可持续工作等优点，在军事领域中有着广阔的应用前景。在对机器视觉光学照明系统、成像系统、视觉信息处理系统等关键技术进行概述的基础上，详细分析了机器视觉技术在军事领域进行典型目标物识别、人员识别、装备缺陷检测等典型场景以及典型军事装备上的应用现状。在此基础上，指出了机器视觉在军事领域的应用，仍然存在视觉传感器硬件系统难以适应极端环境、复杂的军事目标适应性不足、目标识别的实时性难以保证、多传感器融合获取军事目标信息能力缺乏等问题。同时，对机器视觉技术在军事领域应用的未来发展趋势进行了展望，研究分析结果可为机器视觉在军事领域的进一步实用化提供参考。     

Biomedical analysis of rat body hair after hindlimb suspension for 14 days

The levels of 26 minerals in rat body hair were analyzed in control and hindlimb-suspended Wistar Hannover rats (n=5 each). We quantified the levels of 22 minerals in this experiment. However, we were unable to measure the levels of 4 minerals (Be, V, Cd, and Hg) quantitatively because they were below the limit of detection. Of the 22 quantified, the levels of 19 minerals were not significantly different between control and hindlimb-suspended groups. The levels of 3 minerals (Pb, Cr, and Al) tended to be higher in the hindlimb-suspended group than in the control group; however, this difference was not significant. The concentrations of 3 other minerals (I, K, and Mg) were significantly different between the 2 groups. The iodine (I) level was 58.2% higher in the hindlimb-suspended group than in the control group (P<0.05). Potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) levels were 55.2% and 20.4% lower, respectively, in the experimental group (P<0.05 in both cases).These results indicate that a physiological change in mineral metabolism resulting from physical or mental stress, such as hindlimb suspension, is reflected in body hair. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has initiated a human research study to investigate the effects of long-term space flight on gene expression and mineral metabolism by analyzing hair samples of astronauts who stayed in the International Space Station (ISS) for 6 months. We believe that hindlimb suspension for 14 days can simulate the effects of an extremely severe environment, such as space flight, because the hindlimb suspension model elicits a rapid physiological change in skeletal muscle, bone, and fluid shift even in the short term. These results also suggest that we can detect various effects on the body by analyzing the human scalp hair shaft.     

2 Mb/s遥测信号的锁相调频技术研究

２１世纪再入遥测系统将要应用２Ｍｂ／ｓ遥测信号的调频技术，这些技术包括锁相调频方案、调频特性分析以及Ｓ波段压控振荡器和晶振参考源的调频电路。文中简介锁相调频方案的构成及其电路，其次，对调频特性进行数学分析，指出特性成为平坦直线的条件，给出有关的电路。结果表明，两点注入式锁相调频电路具有平坦的宽带调制特性，适用于２Ｍｂ／ｓ再入遥测系统的调频发射设备。     

我国遥感卫星系统发展进阶路径探讨

文章回顾了作为人造地球卫星重要分支的遥感卫星及其相关的遥感技术和遥感产业的国内外发展历程,结合未来技术发展趋势和我国新时代发展需求,分别针对高端卫星和商业卫星,探讨我国卫星遥感系统发展进阶路径,提出值得关注的重大技术方向,旨在为卫星系统规划、遥感载荷部署、卫星应用拓展等提供借鉴。     

Mineral and nitrogen balance study: results of metabolic observations on Skylab II 28-day orbital mission

Prediction that the various stresses of flight, particularly weightlessness, would bring about significant derangements in the metabolism of the musculoskeletal system has been based on various observations of long-term immobilized or inactive bed rest. The only attempt at controlled measurement of metabolic changes in space prior to Skylab, a study during the 14-day Gemini VII flight, revealed rather modest losses of important elements. The three astronauts of Skylab II consumed a planned day-by-day, quite constant, dietary intake of major metabolic elements in mixed foods and beverages and provided virtually complete collections of excreta for 31 days preflight, during the 28 days inflight, and for 17 days postflight. Analyses showed that, in varying degree among the crewmen, urinary calcium increased gradually during flight in a pattern similar to that observed in bed-rest studies: the mean plateau peak of urinary calcium excretion in the latter part of flight was double preflight levels. Fecal calcium excretion did not change significantly, but calcium balance, owing to the urinary calcium rise, became either negative or less positive than in preflight measurement. Increased excretion and negative balance of nitrogen and phosphorus indicated appreciable loss of muscle tissue in all three crewmen. Significant losses also occurred inflight in potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Based on the similarity in pattern and degree between these observations and those in bed rest of the losses in calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, musculoskeletal integrity would not be threatened in space flights of up to at least 3 months. However, if similar changes occur, indicative of continuing losses of these elements, in the planned Skylab flights for considerably more than 28 days, concern for capable musculoskeletal function should be serious for flights of very many months' duration, and greater research attention will need to be given to development of protective counter-measures.