基于Windows平台的嵌入式仿真适配技术研究

嵌入式操作系统因其强大的实时性能而被广泛采用,特别是在需要实时通信和任务处理的大型系统中。然而嵌入式操作系统的高价格和不友好的用户界面限制了应用范围。作为一种发展趋势,在通用桌面操作系统(如Windows和Linux)上构建实时应用程序、充分利用其友好的图形用户界面、具备良好的多任务处理性能和出色的硬件兼容性对提高普通桌面操作系统的实时性具有重要意义。在Windows系统上进行实时扩展,以改进其调度和任务处理兼容性。实验结果表明,该扩展对任务处理有很好的效果,可满足应用程序的实时性要求。     

VSPWorks程序设计技术

VSPWorks是应用于多DSP并行系统的嵌入式实时操作系统,其先进的程序设计思想,大大简化了传统多DSP系统的软件开发模型,既保证了软件质量,也提高了开发效率.在详细介绍了虚拟单处理器模型和系统启动过程的基础上,讨论了应用程序开发过程,并举例介绍了网络连接文件的编写方法.     

Embedded information system re-engineering

Currently fielded embedded information systems face readiness challenges imposed by evolving missions and extended service lifespans. The ability to overcome these challenges is constrained by such factors as shrinking budgets, limited computational capacity and diminished manufacturing sources effects that impact both hardware and software options. Wholesale redevelopment is often cost prohibitive, particularly since large portions of embedded applications continue to fulfil mission requirements. Solutions must preserve prior investments while providing efficient pathways for continued technology refresh. A technology solution for affordable modernization of legacy system software is being development. The Embedded Information System Re-engineering (EISR) project is developing an automation-assisted JOVIAL-to-C re-engineering capability that permits simultaneous modernization of both the structure and source language of legacy embedded applications. Engineers will be able to apply the proven labor-saving visualization and analysis features of modern CASE tools to legacy JOVIAL applications. EISR will thus allow the DoD to recapture previous investments in proven legacy algorithms and mission capabilities while permitting the full exploitation of COTS economies of scale. This paper describes in brief the goals and objectives of the EISR project, and provides the current status of the EISR capability.     

An IPC-based Prolog design pattern for integrating backward chaining inference into applications or embedded systems

Prolog is one of the most important candidates to build expert systems and AI-related programs and has potential applications in embedded systems. However, Prolog is not suitable to develop many kinds of components, such as data acquisition and task scheduling, which are also crucial. To make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, it is attractive to integrate Prolog with programs developed by other languages. In this paper, an IPC-based method is used to integrate backward chaining inference implemented by Prolog into applications or embedded systems. A Prolog design pattern is derived from the method for reuse, whose principle and definition are provided in detail. Additionally, the design pattern is applied to a target system, which is free software, to verify its feasibility. The detailed implementation of the application is given to clarify the design pattern. The design pattern can be further applied to wide range applications and embedded systems and the method described in this paper can also be adopted for other logic programming languages.     

智能电子花样机控制系统设计与仿真

嵌入式系统软硬件协同设计技术对于提高研发效率及系统质量非常重要.在分析智能电子花样机嵌入式系统结构与特性的基础上,重点研究了电子花样机机电系统的运动控制方法与仿真原理.进而,设计并开发了电子花样机机电控制系统仿真环境,该仿真环境有助于电子花样机主控系统的开发、调试以及正确性验证.     

导航计算机应用软件快速更新方法研究

目前,大多数嵌入式开发系统的软件更新必须通过硬件仿真器来实现,不便于系统的维护.良好的可维护性是嵌入式系统性能的一个重要方面,在一定程度上决定系统能否被广泛应用.本文针对南航导航研究中心自主开发的微小型导航计算机,研究了利用串行通信的方式实现应用软件快速更新的方法,解决了程序的定位、代码传输等问题,提高了系统的可维护性,体现了方法研究的实用价值.     

微型涡轮发动机快速原型控制系统

提出一种基于工业控制计算机的面向微型涡轮发动机(MTE)控制的快速原型控制系统.它提供完整的与执行机构及传感器电路的接口, 并提供基于Windows平台的控制器软件实时开发环境.快速原型设计技术可以极大地提高嵌入式控制系统的开发效率.基于该快速原型控制系统不但可以实现对发动机的控制, 而且可以实时记录试验结果, 并提供友好的人机界面, 后者对发动机控制系统的试验研究是非常重要的.台架试车表明, 该快速原型控制系统是切实有效的.      

Open architecture-based factory automation systems

This mainly discusses the next generation factory automation systems, i.e., open systems. Along the dimension of open architecture, it discusses some standardized methodologies involving Linux open source operating systems, platform independent programming languages, systematic object-oriented software engineering, web-based information publishing, virtual instrument-based system structure, distributed and embedded real-time systems, etc., and their applications in factory automation systems. The resulting open systems are capable of keeping up with the evolving requirements in the factory automation arena, and it is expected that the strict use of standards would bring benefits to enterprises in the long sight.     

综合模块化航空电子系统节能分层调度的设计(英文)

近年来,综合模块化航空电子(Integrated Modular Avionics,IMA)构架逐渐流行,并通过引入资源分区的概念取代了传统的联合式系统构架。研究了IMA构架下分层调度的设计问题。调度模型通过强时间分区,使多个强实时应用方便地集成在一个单处理器平台。推导出分区周期、分区系数以及可调度性在实时条件下的数学关系,并提出了分区参数的优化算法。考虑具有任意时限的实时任务模型,提高了算法的通用性。在分层调度的基础上,通过有效利用松弛时间,提出一种能量优化方法,进一步减少了飞行器上嵌入式系统的能耗。实验结果表明,本文提出的系统设计方法在保证硬实时需求的基础上,有效的降低能耗达 14%。     

嵌入式电力控制系统中监控子系统的设计与实现

随着计算机软、硬件技术的发展，嵌入式系统在工业控制中的应用越来越广，嵌入式系统与监控软件的结合己成为工业控制领域发展的必然趋势。该系统是嵌入式电力控制系统中的一个监控子系统，系统基于组件开发，可以实现地、市级调度自动化系统、110kV及以下电压等级变电站自动化系统和10KV（35KV）及以下发电厂用电、楼宇自动化、工矿企业配电房等的中低压配电自动化系统功能。主要从硬件及软件技术方面论述了监控系统在电力自动化控制方面的应用．阐述嵌入式电力控制系统中监控子系统的核心设计与实现。     

机载嵌入式系统基准测试方法

性能评测是查找嵌入式计算机系统性能瓶颈、指导设备选型、平衡相关部件、优化系统结构以及提高系统实际性能的重要方法。在介绍了机载嵌入式计算机系统性能评测的指标和基本方法之后,重点分析了使用基准测试程序的测试方法和特点,以及基准测试方法的对比测试原理、不同测试环境的构建以及主要测试过程;选取了SPEC CPU 2000基准测试程序集针对机载嵌入式环境进行裁剪和移植,对某国产机载嵌入式实时操作系统分别以不同的嵌入式操作系统、嵌入式文件系统和编译选项为变量参数进行对比测试,得出了国产操作系统与国外同类商用操作系统运行实际应用程序的性能基本相当的结论,另外也得出文件系统对计算类基准程序的结果影响较小以及编译优化后能够大幅提高嵌入式系统性能等结论。     

Model-based robustness testing for avionics-embedded software

Robustness testing for safety-critical embedded software is still a challenge in its nascent stages. In this paper, we propose a practical methodology and implement an environment by employing model-based robustness testing for embedded software systems. It is a system-level black-box testing approach in which the fault behaviors of embedded software is triggered with the aid of modelbased fault injection by the support of an executable model-driven hardware-in-loop (HIL) testing environment. The prototype implementation of the robustness testing environment based on the proposed approach is experimentally discussed and illustrated by industrial case studies based on several avionics-embedded software systems. The results show that our proposed and implemented robustness testing method and environment are effective to find more bugs, and reduce burdens of testing engineers to enhance efficiency of testing tasks, especially for testing complex embedded systems.     

Reducing the risks of using Ada onboard the Space Station

The Ada programming language was chosen by NASA as the primary computer programming language for the development of new software for the US Space Station. Ada was selected based on the results of investigations coordinated through Johnson Space Center (JSC) and that resulted in the identification of a set of problems and risks associated with using software developed in Ada. Some of the specific solutions to problems identified through these investigations are described. Three areas in which Ada's use poses risks are discussed: real-time process control; the testing and verification of flight software for man-rated systems; and software error detection, identification, and recovery required in safety-critical systems     

某型直升机半物理仿真系统的设计

飞控计算机是现代直升机控制的不可缺少的设备,研制功能完善的高性能飞控计算机是直升机发展的重要一步。在飞控计算机应用到直升机上之前,需要对其进行较为全面的仿真测试。本文结合飞行控制律的设计,开发了用于对飞控计算机进行全面测试的半物理仿真系统。主要完成了模型的建立和仿真;研制了基于嵌入式操作系统VxWorks及仿真工具软件MATLAB的主仿真系统,并进行了调试。通过对其开环和闭环的调试以及仿真结果的分析表明,该系统对发送的飞机姿态信息能够进行实时显示和处理,满足飞行品质技术指标要求,半物理仿真结果可真实可靠地反映直升机的飞行过程。     

基于QFD和TRIZ的可信软件技术冲突解决方法

为解决软件开发中的技术冲突及提高软件的可信性,提出了基于质量功能展开(QFD)和发明性问题解决理论(TRIZ)的可信软件技术冲突解决方法.首先构建可信软件规划质量屋,在软件开发过程中引入用户视角;其次,重点分析质量屋的技术特性自相关矩阵中呈负相关的技术特性,尝试用TRIZ的发明创新原理予以解决,获得多个可行的创新性解决...     

多轮飞机刹车系统半物理仿真的研究

飞机刹车系统是飞机起飞着陆系统的重要组成部分,对飞机航行最为关键的起降安全起着至关重要的作用[1],具有复杂非线性和强不可测干扰的特点。本文从多轮飞机刹车系统组成结构与工作原理出发,结合半物理仿真技术的特点,提出了基于labview开发软件的实时半仿真平台的设计方案,介绍了多轮飞机刹车半物理仿真系统的组成原理及其系统软件开发。试验结果表明,该方法平台操作简单、运行稳定可靠、实时性好,可以提高仿真软件的质量和仿真系统的性能,是一种值得推广的方法。     

基于机载多核弱序存储模型的共享内存驱动软件设计方法研究

随着航空电子系统承载的应用日趋复杂，飞机对机载计算机的计算力和功耗比要求不断提升，这也推动了嵌入式多核处理器的加速应用和普及。多核处理器在航空电子设备的深入应用，随之而来的是运行其上的软件复杂度急剧上升，面向应用的航电系统设计面临挑战。多核处理器平台由于需要面对并行、指令乱序、资源共享冲突等问题，而目前国内大多数机载嵌入式软件和驱动仍然是基于单核处理器设计和实现的，影响最大的是在机载嵌入式实时操作系统环境下的驱动软件，因此需要充分考虑多核带来的各方面影响，尤其是需要兼顾共享内存等资源的使用冲突和实时高效要求。本文结合机载航电多核处理平台的特点，提出了一种基于机载多核弱序存储模型的共享内存驱动软件设计方法，并基于该方法设计了FC 总线驱动和MBI 总线驱动，项目应用结果表明，设计的驱动程序在多核处理器平台上数据传输正确，验证了方法的正确性和有效性。     

选择嵌入式实时操作系统应注意的几个问题

针对嵌入式系统开发的特点和要求 ,从产品研制的实际情况出发 ,对当前主流的几个嵌入式实时操作系统的特点进行了简要分析 ,从实用性、经济性、通用性等方面着手 ,提出了选择嵌入式实时操作系统时应当重视的几个问题 ,并提出了解决方法。     

Training, career development and registration for safety criticalsoftware systems specialists

A career development program for information systems practitioners currently being used widely by employers in the UK and now becoming available in North America is described. The program, called the Professional Development Scheme (PDS), was developed by the British Computer Society to address the lack of structure and quality control generally present in the way computing professionals were being trained. The performance standards underpinning the program (The British Computer Society Industry Structure Model) have been thoroughly updated and now include material specific to the development, maintenance, and management of software for safety-critical applications. The use of the program for this purpose and potential developments in the field of training and registration for safety-critical software specialists are discussed