多监视数据融合时间对准问题分析

在总结了时间片技术和同采样起点2种常用时间对准技术的基础上，提出了一种基于民航监视特点的时间归一化外推数据对准算法，可以在保证实时性的前提下完成一、二次雷达数据、ADS、VHF系统的数据融合处理。     

ATM and FIS data link services

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) currently has under development data link services for Air Traffic Management (ATM), Flight Information Service (FIS), and communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS). These services will be provided over the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN), a worldwide data network intended to provide data communications connectivity among mobile aircraft, airlines, and civil aviation authorities. The ATM and FIS services currently under development are part of an evolutionary process that will begin, for the most part, with duplication of voice services. In the future, services will facilitate a common source of data for pilots, controllers, and flight planners, as well as computer-to-computer communications between ground based and airborne automation systems. These future services will provide benefits such as the use of optimum aircraft tracks and flight profiles     

Digital air/ground communications for air traffic control

The early 1990's communications for air traffic control (ATC) uses analog single channel radios with conventional amplitude modulation (AM) in the very high frequency (VHF) band. To overcome eventual saturation of the current system, a sample “next generation” ATC communications system has been designed to increase capabilities and provide a graceful transition from the current system. The new ATC communication system must address problems with the modulation format and a balance between increased channel capacity and overall cost. The controller/pilot workloads can be reduced in that the information segments allow for either semi-automatic or fully automatic handoff or frequency change. The principal performance factor is the addition of data, fully integrated with voice, while offering an increase in throughput. The architecture is structured to put priority on the uplink voice messages while offering significant information capacity capabilities for external data sources. When digital data and voice communication systems mature in the ATC environment, a natural evolution to more data traffic and less voice will occur. At that time, a simple restructuring of the channel assignments and priorities could offer increased throughput for connection to ground based data sources such as high capacity routers     

Commercial aviation VDL choices

The purpose of this study was to analyze digital data link communications technologies in a line-of-sight environment. Because there is a global debate over selecting the next generation VHF data link (VDL) technology, this paper evaluates each of them for the terminal and enroute airspace only. First, this study provides a historical review of the purpose of data link applications; second, how the current system is failing to meet today's requirements, leading to problems within the US National Air Space (NAS); third, a technical and economic analysis of VDL technologies; and last, a recommendation for selecting a VDL technology.     

Operational Concept for Multi-Carrier Broadband VHF Communications

Operational air traffic management needs have led to the concept of the broadband VHF (B-VHF) aeronautical communications system. This explains the functional principles, architecture, and internal mechanisms of the B-YHF system, showing how it can be used to provide the existing aeronautical voice and data link communications services and a multitude of new data link services expected for the next decade or two.     

Data communications concept for a SATS scenario

The small aircraft transportation system (SATS) concept envisions doorstop to destination transportation in a safe and timely manner. Data communications are a key component in achieving the aviation-related operational performance improvements that are sought. However, data communication doesn't start when you get into the aircraft; it starts back at the location where the flight is planned. In fact, data communications support the pilot in all phases of the flight: flight planning, pre-flight, departure, en route, transition, approach, landing, and rollout as well as for a missed approach. The Internet is being used to perform flight planning activities, and the mobile communications available today support Internet access en route to the departure airfield. On-board the aircraft, data communications provide surveillance and air traffic control (ATC) support to the pilot. The location of other aircraft is available to the pilot and ATC system through automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) and traffic information service-broadcast (TIS-B) applications that transmit the location of other aircraft in the vicinity. Other aircraft locations are used to forecast potential conflicts and, thus, enhance flight safety. As the aircraft nears a SATS-equipped airfield, the pilot uses data link messages to request a landing sequence. The airport management module (AMM) provides a landing sequence assignment to the aircraft. As the pilot maneuvers the aircraft for a landing, he/she is using data-linked surveillance data to determine the location of other aircraft and maintain a safe separation distance between aircraft even in a low visibility environment.     

无人机下滑着陆DGPS/INS导航及引导系统的仿真与试验研究

介绍了一种采用输出校正方式DGPS/INS组合导航系统引导无人机下滑着陆的方案。给出了该方案的数学模型,对组合导航系统进行了数字仿真,并在数字仿真的基础上进行了动态跑车试验,验证了所设计的输出校正方式DGPS/INS组合导航系统能够满足引导无人机自动下滑着陆的精度要求。     

星基ADS与雷达误差校准算法的研究

基于星基自动相关监视(ADS)系统和雷达各自的特点,分析了空中交通管制中ADS与雷达数据融合的模型,提出了在传统的地心地固(ECEF)坐标系中星基ADS和雷达系统误差校准的算法。同时,针对ADS数据的特性,又进一步提出了在Geodetic坐标系和以雷达站为极点的极坐标系(以下简称雷达站极坐标系)中的系统误差校准算法。最后,对校准效果进行了仿真分析和比较,并介绍了一种有效应用上述算法的方法。     

Application of Ground/Air Data Link to General Aviation Operations

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is currently upgrading secondary surveillance radars with systems which will have an integral data link capability, the Mode Select (Mode S) beacon system. These new systems will allow two-way data communications between ground systems (e.g., weather databases and Air Traffic Control (ATC) systems) and aircraft that are equipped with data link compatible Mode S transponders and suitable display and input devices. Initial data link services include both weather information and ATC advisories. The MITRE Corporation* is developing an in-house capability to perform end-to-end operational evaluation of data link services. Initially, a low-cost, portable pilot position man-machine interface is being developed for use in general aviation operations. The objective is to explore operational issues in laboratory and limited flight test environments, and to demonstrate these services on a data link I/O device, a laptop portable personal computer (PC) with touch panel. A group of pilots will bench test the interface design, and the results will be incorporated into the design used in flight testing. This paper describes the project's objectives and results to date, including implementation details and pilot test results.     

ATM中的ADS—SSR数据融合模型和算法

民航空中交通管理系统的核心是信息处理，根据民航用空中交通管理系统与军方用空中交通管理系统的不同特点，通过对一个可能的ＡＤＳ－ＳＳＲ数据融合模型的探讨，给出了此模型的具体算法。本算法综合了两者的优点，可实现整个飞行过程的无间断的可靠的监视，并且在高密度终端区提供必要的数据精度     

RESEARCH ON THE METHODS OF IMPROVING DGPS POSITIONING PRECISION

A DGPS positioning model is described, and the elements that influence DGPS positioning precision are analyzed in detail. On this basis, the methods of improving DGPS positioning precision are proposed which include increasing updating rate of DGPS correction, building extended DGPS system and improving quality of DGPS correction signal. In the intelligent monitor and control system of the public transport in Beijing, these methods improve the vehicle positioning precision to 2～5m.     

A visionary look at aviation surveillance systems

The FAA's future aviation surveillance systems fall into four categories: Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) will be used in the oceanic environment; ADS-Broadcast (ADS-B) will be used in the domestic en route environment; ADS-B will be used with a secondary radar backup in the terminal area; and ADS-B will be used with primary radar backup within the Airport Surface Traffic Automation (ASTA) system on the airport's surface environment. Two other systems introduced in this paper are Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) and Traffic Advisory and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). All these systems will use navigational signals emitted by the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation of satellites     

Differential GPS/inertial navigation approach/landing flight testresults

In November 1990, a differential GPS/inertial flight test was conducted to acquire a system performance database and demonstrate automatic landing using an integrated differential GPS/INS with barometric and radar altimeters. Flight test results obtained from postflight data analysis are presented. These results include characteristics of DGPS/inertial error, using a laser tracker as a reference. In addition, data are provided on the magnitude of the differential correlations and vertical channel performance with and without radar altimeter augmentation. Flight test results show one sigma DGPS/inertial horizontal errors of 9 ft and one sigma DGPS inertial vertical errors of 15 ft. Without selective availability effects, the differential corrections are less than 10 ft and are dominated by receiver unique errors over the time period of an approach. Therefore, the one sigma performance of the autonomous GPS (8-ft horizontal and 20-ft vertical) is very similar to the DGPS/inertial performance. Postprocessed results also demonstrate significant improvements in vertical channel performance when GPS/inertial is aided with radar altimeter along with a low-resolution terrain map     

甚高频数据链模式二通信协议栈一致性测试系统设计及验证

甚高频数据链模式二(VDLM2)通信协议是航空电信网(ATN)所支持的四种甚高频数据链模式之一,已被定为过渡时期ATN空地通信的主要方式,是目前应用最为广泛的甚高频数据链。本文以自主开发的甚高频模式二协议栈通信系统为被测系统,设计了一种与之适合的一致性测试系统,通过该测试系统对模式二协议栈进行了一致性测试。测试结果表明,测试系统可以很好地完成一致性测试的功能,并具有很强的扩展性,为系统性能进一步测试奠定了基础。     

民用飞机甚高频通信系统适航审定技术分析

民用飞机进行可靠的空地、空空通信,对飞行安全尤为重要。甚高频(very high frequency,简称VHF)通信系统是目前应用最为广泛的航空通信方式,VHF通信系统通过与机上音频系统交联实现飞机与外部的语音通信,通过与机上数据链系统交联实现飞机与地面的数据链通信。甚高频通信系统与民用飞机的安全运行密切相关,也是适航规章和运行规章要求的内容。结合甚高频通信系统功能要求和设计架构,针对适用于甚高频通信系统的中国民用航空规章第25部：运输类飞机适航标准(CCAR-25-R4-2011)条款,分析并给出甚高频通信系统可接受的符合性方法,同时根据型号工作经验给出甚高频通信系统在适航审查中的审定要素。针对甚高频通信系统所涉及的各项条款,为局方提供了适航审查工作需要关注的审定要素和评审要求。研究有助于民机甚高频通信系统的安全设计与适航验证。     

Phase Compensation for Widely-Spaced Antenna Systems Employing Coherent Signal Combinations

This paper describes a technique for providing phase compensation to signals received at widely-spaced antennas and processed at a central location. Self-compensation is provided for pathlength variations in reference-signal distribution systems. The technique may be adapted to include the measurement and compensation of signal-channel phase variations. Practical systems which require this type of compensation include interferometric systems used for position and position-rate measurements of missiles and spacecraft, interferometers and arrays of antennas used for radio and radar astronomy, and arrays of large-aperture antennas used for deep-space communications.     

VHF地空数据链网关信息处理模式分析

VHF数据链网关信息处理模式直接影响系统的实时性,采用排队论模型详细分析了两种信息处理模式对系统实时性的影响,进行了计算机仿真,通过分析仿真结果,得到了适合的信息处理模式。     

P-3 ultra-wideband SAR: description and examples

Under the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)/ASTO sponsorship, through a contract from the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) has developed an ultrawideband (UWB) very high frequency (VHF)/ultrahigh frequency (UHF) fully polarimetric airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for studying the detection of foliage-obscured objects. The radar is installed in the NAWC P-3 testbed aircraft and takes advantage of existing ERIM-built multimode, fully-polarimetric X/L/C-band SAR hardware. This paper describes the radar and presents some examples of its capabilities including polarimetric imagery and two-pass interferometric surface height estimates     

Causal probabilistic model for evaluating future transoceanicairline separations

With the advent of automatic dependent surveillance (ADS), a detailed probability model of aircraft cross-track deviations is required to determine the impact of ADS. A suitable causal probability model is presented where normal navigation, degradation, pilot blunder, and failure are each modeled by Gaussian density functions with mean and standard deviations defined by the physics of the event. The overall model is a weighted sum of the Gaussian error probabilities and is thus amenable to extrapolation. Overlap and encroachment probabilities are derived,and the effect of ADS on this is model determined. It is shown that by using a simple form of ADS separation standards can be reduced, and transmitting a figure of merit (FOM) providing information on failures and degradations can further reduce separation standards. The results suggest an improvement by a factor of two from current separation standards