基于修正离散Chirp-Fourier变换的高速目标ISAR距离像补偿

分析了高速运动目标的逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）回波信号模型和高速运动对ISAR信号处理的影响。结果表明,高速运动特征会导致目标一维距离像的畸变和二维像的模糊。为此,提出了一种基于修正离散Chirp Fourier变换（MDCFT）的高速运动目标距离像补偿算法,采用MDCFT谱包络最小Shannon熵准则进行参数估计,可解决幅度最大准则下参数估计性能恶化的问题。仿真结果表明了该距离像补偿算法的有效性。     

一种新的非平行轨迹机载双站斜视SAR成像算法(英文)

本文提出了一种用于非平行轨迹机载双站斜视SAR条带模式成像的新的解析算法。该算法用收、发雷达的多普勒调频率贡献比为加权系数推导了点目标回波的二维频谱。通过解目标位置相对于收、发载机飞行轨迹的耦合,将这个二维频谱中目标的距离参数和方位参数进行了分离。在二维频域内,补偿掉双站扭曲项后利用二维Chirp-Z变换(2D-CZT)校正了距离向和方位向的徙动,获得了精确聚焦的目标图像。雷达回波的二维残余徙动用沿距离向和方位向的分块来限制,推导了数据分块的条件,由此可以实现宽场景成像。仿真试验验证了这种2D-CZT算法的有效性。     

基于时间反转和降阶Keystone的SAR-GMTI快速聚焦方法

对合成孔径雷达（SAR）地面运动目标聚焦技术进行了研究。针对现有运动目标聚焦方法存在的问题,提出了一种基于时间反转和降阶Keystone的SAR地面运动目标检测（SAR-GMTI）快速聚焦方法。首先,根据目标的机动特性建立了3阶距离模型;其次,针对目标多普勒中心模糊引起的多普勒谱分裂现象,结合所提时间反转处理（TRP）和降阶Keystone变换处理估计出运动目标2阶参数。此后,构造2阶相位补偿函数补偿运动目标的2阶距离徙动和多普勒徙动,从而完成运动目标的聚焦。同时,所提方法没有任何参数搜索过程,降低了计算复杂度。最后,仿真实验验证了所提算法的正确性和有效性。     

基于CZT的机载并行双站斜视SAR成像算法

建立了机载并行双站斜视合成孔径雷达(SAR)的几何模型,给出了雷达回波的数学表达式,推导了它的二维频谱并对其特点做了分析。在二维频域内,先用聚焦函数对观测场景中心的点目标做精确成像,然后用Chirp-Z变换(CZT)校正中心点两侧目标回波的距离徙动,再通过方位向逆傅里叶变换得到了雷达图像。该算法利用了CZT能够处理非线性调频信号的特点,简化了处理过程,提高了计算效率和成像精度。仿真实验验证了这种基于CZT的新算法在处理并行双站斜视SAR数据时的有效性。     

匀转速逆合成孔径雷达的越距离徙动补偿

针对ISAR系统中的匀转速目标,本文提出了一种有效的校正由目标均转速旋转引起的越距离徙动(MTRC)的方法,对方位向上越距离徙动进行校正。它采用基于PD算法的Radon变换在方位向上得到精确的二次相位系数估计值,然后直接在时域上对越距离徙动校正,获得了更高的分辨率。Outlier-delete算法是一种在时域校正方位向越距离徙动的算法,在高信噪比条件下可以实现很好的聚焦效果,而在低信噪比条件下,该算法会出现严重误估计,导致聚焦失败。本文提出的Radon-PD算法具有很好的抗噪性,通过仿真并与Outlier-delete算法进行性能比较,验证了算法的有效性和可行性。     

基于波形熵的雷达目标一维距离像检测技术

高分辨雷达一维距离像目标检测实质上是扩展目标检测,具有与低分辨雷达回波目标检测不同的特点.通过分析目标一维距离像和噪声的波形特点,提出了一种基于波形熵的一维距离像检测方法.该方法对目标一维距离像信号形式和噪声的先验知识要求少,运算复杂性小,易于工程实现.仿真实验说明算法能有效地提高检测性能.     

问与答

白杨-M问:1、什么是脉冲多普勒雷达?答:脉冲多普勒雷达就是工作在脉冲波形下的一种多普勒雷达,其工作原理是对脉冲列信号进行频谱分析,并对其单根谱线进行滤波,以测得目标的径向速度和距离。与一般时域检测的脉冲体制雷达不同之处是,脉冲多普勒雷达是频域检测,对回波脉冲列进行频谱分析,利用运动目标的回波信号具有多普勒频移的特点,将     

一种新颖的超高分辨率SAR频率域反投影成像算法

超高分辨率条件下,机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）发射信号带宽大,合成孔径时间比较长,对成像处理算法的精度和效率要求较高。现有近似频率域处理和时间域滤波反投影（FBP）算法聚焦SAR数据时均存在诸多问题。基于微局部分析方法,提出了一种新颖的频率域滤波反投影（FD-FBP）成像处理方案。首先,利用Keystone变换简化了数据距离多普勒（RD）域徙动表达式。然后,在RD域进行反投影操作,对参考位置处反投影数据进行移位、相位补偿和FFT等操作即可以得到图像,从而在保证算法精确性的前提下有效降低了运算效率,实现了频率域方法的高效率和时间域方法的精确性特点的结合。最后,点目标仿真和实测数据处理以及与FBP等算法的对比验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种横向机动弹道下SAR成像算法

针对横向机动弹道下SAR成像回波方位向和距离向严重耦合、弹载SAR平台实时性要求高的特点,提出了一种基于频谱分析的扩展SAR成像算法。首先,以初始距离相同的目标作为成像处理对象,建立了横向机动下弹载SAR成像模型,分析了回波相位和瞬时距离的泰勒展开;然后,采用包含水平面速度和偏航加速度参数的相位因子依次进行距离徙动校正、二次相位补偿和多普勒中心频率补偿,实现了SAR图像的精确聚焦。该算法处理流程简单、实时性高,适合横向机动弹道下的中等分辨率的大斜视成像,给出了算法流程,仿真验证了算法有效性。     

距离扩展目标检测中的 强散射点自适应估计方法

高分辨雷达通过积累多个距离单元上的目标回波,达到提高距离扩展目标检测性能的目的。由于目标散射中心的稀疏分布,常规的能量积累检测方法存在陷落损失,而基于目标强散射点的积累检测方法可有效克服因陷落损失造成的检测性能下降问题。利用最大类间方差法对目标强散射点进行自适应估计,并通过仿真验证了该方法改善检测性能的有效性。     

基于广义S变换进行雷达信号时频滤波去噪

S变换自问世以来,凭借其优越性已经被广泛地应用于数字信号处理中。针对深空目标雷达回波信号的复杂性,为了得到较好的雷达回波信号,将基于广义S变换的时频滤波应用于雷达回波信号去噪中,并利用低通滤波器设计了时频滤波算子,克服了传统滤波去噪方法滤波因子不能随时间、频率变化而变化的缺陷。通过理论分析与仿真波形对比表明,滤波后能有效地去除噪声,很好地保留了原始雷达回波信号的信号特征,展示了基于广义S变换的时频滤波的可行性,为雷达回波信号去噪提供提供了一种很好的方法。     

Simultaneous ISAR imaging of group targets flying in formation

This paper proposes a novel inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging method based on second-order keystone transform(KT) and Sandglass transform for group targets flying in a formation with constant accelerated rectilinear motion in the same radar beam. First, range curvature and range walk of each sub-target among group targets are corrected by the second-order KT combined with the quadratic phase term compensation. After range alignment, the signals in each range frequency cell can be modelled as multiple chirp signals and then the Sandglass transform is utilized to cross-range imaging, which transforms the time–frequency distribution of the signals in each range frequency cell into beelines parallel to the slow time axis simultaneously. Finally, cross-range profiles of group targets in each range frequency cell are obtained via a projection of the perk of every scatterer in the two-dimensional accumulation plane onto the frequency axis. The advantage of the proposed method is that it can align range profiles of each sub-target simultaneously and image cross-range profiles directly without separating the returned signals, which simplifies the operation procedure. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

高距离分辨率的低截获概率雷达信号性能研究

首先,分析步进频率雷达信号实现高分辨率的优缺点,在此基础上设计了一种改进的步进频率信号-参差脉冲重复间隔步进频率信号;然后,分析了该信号的处理过程。与步进频率信号在高速目标下成像失真相比,参差脉冲重复间隔步进频率信号的多普勒性能有了很明显的改善。最后,分析了参差脉冲重复间隔步进频率信号的低截获概率特性。     

基于压缩感知的MIMO-SAR运动误差补偿与成像

多发多收合成孔径雷达（MIMO-SAR）利用多通道空间并行采样的优势可实现高分辨成像,但不可避免地存在运动误差与海量数据不便于存储与传输的问题。针对该问题提出一种基于压缩感知的MIMO-SAR运动误差补偿与成像方法。首先通过详细分析MIMO-SAR运动误差回波信号模型,在全采样条件下利用两步运动补偿技术实现对回波数据的运动误差补偿处理,其次针对降采样回波数据的运动误差补偿,通过构造变换算子与压缩感知（CS）重构模型的方法实现第1步运动误差补偿、距离脉压以及距离徙动校正处理,然后再进行第2步误差补偿与方位向脉压处理获得成像结果。最后通过仿真实验验证了所提方法能够在大幅压缩回波数据的情况下,实现MIMO-SAR运动误差补偿与成像处理。     

Signal processing of wide bandwidth and wide beamwidth P-3 SAR data

This research is concerned with multidimensional signal processing and image formation with FOliage PENetrating (FOPEN) airborne radar data which were collected by a Navy P-3 ultra wideband (UWB) radar in 1995. The digital signal processors that were developed for the P-3 data commonly used a radar beamwidth angle that was limited to 35 deg. Provided that the P-3 radar beamwidth angle (after slow-time FIR filtering and 6:1 decimation) was 35 deg, the P-3 signal aperture radar (SAR) system would approximately yield alias-free data in the slow-time Doppler domain. We provide an analysis here of the slow-time Doppler properties of the P-3 SAR system. This study indicates that the P-3 database possesses a 50 deg beamwidth angle within the entire [215, 730] MHz band of the P-3 radar. We show that the 50-degree beamwidth limit is imposed by the radar (radial) range swath gate; a larger beamwidth measurements would be possible with a larger range swath gate. The 50-degree beamwidth of the P-3 system results in slow-time Doppler aliasing within the frequency band of [444, 730] MHz. We outline a slow-time processing of the P-3 data to minimize the Doppler aliasing. The images which are formed via this method are shown to be superior in quality to the images which are formed via the conventional P-3 processor. In the presentation, we also introduce a method for converting the P-3 deramped (range-compressed) data into its alias-free baseband echoed data; the utility of this conversion for suppressing radio frequency interference signals is shown     

A new algorithm for the formation of ISAR images

A new technique for implementing the enhanced image processing (EIP) algorithm for the formation of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images is presented. The EIP algorithm is required when, during the formation of an image, scattering centers on a target move out of range and/or Doppler resolution cells. This phenomenon is common for high resolution imagery of practical-sized targets. The method presented is based entirely on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and therefore does not require the interpolation schemes that are prevalent in the standard EIP implementation. A brief review of the theory of radar imaging is presented to establish the notation for the work. Following the presentation of the new algorithm, a simple example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new technique. In addition work is presented that demonstrates the processing required to reduce the sidelobes in imagery generated by the EIP technique     

Doppler Compensation & Single Pulse Imaging using Adaptive Pulse Compression

The effects of target Doppler are addressed in relation to adaptive receive processing for radar pulse compression. To correct for Doppler-induced filter mismatch over a single pulse, the Doppler-compensated adaptive pulse compression (DC-APC) algorithm is presented whereby the respective Doppler shifts for large target returns are jointly estimated with the illuminated range profile and subsequently incorporated into the original APC adaptive receive filter formulation. As a result, the Doppler-mismatch-induced range sidelobes can be suppressed thereby regaining a significant portion of the sensitivity improvement that is possible when applying adaptive pulse compression (APC) without the existence of significant Doppler mismatch. In contrast, instead of compensating for Doppler mismatch, the single pulse imaging (SPI) algorithm generalizes the APC formulation for a bank of Doppler-shifted matched filters thereby producing a sidelobe-suppressed range-Doppler image from the return signal of a single radar pulse which is applicable for targets with substantial variation in Doppler. Both techniques are based on the recently proposed APC algorithm and its generalization, the multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) algorithm, which have been shown to be effective for the suppression of pulse compression range sidelobes thus dramatically increasing the sensitivity of pulse compression radar.