大型铝合金薄壁框尺寸的稳定

大型铝合金薄壁框在加工或存放过程中的变形问题很突出,其变形的因素包括:装卡方法不当、热应力、残余宏观或微观内应力等,针对LD10CS大型薄壁框,除合理装夹、刀具锋利等措施外又采用了120℃高温与-609C或-196℃低温冷热循环处理工艺,设计三种处理规程,实践证明:Ⅲ方案有较佳的效果,型框刚加工完时平面度为0.15mm;椭圆度为0.16mm,三个月后分别为0.15mm;0.18mm,半年后为0.23mm;0.20mm。而对照件Ⅰ刚加工完时为0.8mm;2.5mm。对照件Ⅱ刚加工完时为0.17mm;0.12mm,两天后达0.30mm;0.15mm,三个月后最大变形达2mm。此外又经实践确认,避免内应力的突变也是避免变形的重要因素。     

复合材料的激光全息无损检测

叙述了大型He-Ne激光全息无损检测系统对碳纤维复合材料和蜂窝夹层结构件的无损检测,采用热加载技术,一次照相检测面积可达1m~2;对碳纤维复合板可检出深度在1mm以内,直径5mm以上和深度为2mm,直径20mm以上的分层、气孔等缺陷;对面板厚度小于1mm的蜂窝夹层结构件可检出φ10mm以上的分离型缺陷和φ15mm以上的紧贴型缺陷。     

“位差法”用于细长铝管内壁镀金试验

使用易于实现的“位差法”简易装置,应用辅助阳极,在长390mm,内径6mm及7mm的两种铝合金管内壁镀金,可获得良好的镀金层。     

30CrMnSiA钢脉冲TIG焊工艺研究

脉冲TIG焊长期以来焊接合金钢的厚度一直局限在2mm的范围内。文中探讨脉冲TIG焊突破焊接合金钢厚度2mm的界限,用于厚度大于2mm的30GrMnSiA钢火箭发动机壳体的焊接新课题。     

大型轴承圈滚道中频感应加热淬火回火

50CrMnMo钢平面滚子轴承直径达4350mm,精加工后其滚道表面采用中频感应连续淬火、回火至HRC50~55。设备采用BPS-100/2500型中频发电机等,自制R型感应器、回转驱动架等。喷水器与感应器连成一体与滚道保持2~4mm间距;淬火介质为15~20%浓度的肥皂水;淬速200~250mm/min;淬火温度880~950℃;硬度可达HRC57~61。中频感应回火,感应头与滚道间距9~16mm;回火温度220~280℃;回火速度250~300mm/min;回火硬度HRC50~55;椭圆度〈0.7mm;不平度〈0.4~0.6mm。精心操作保持淬火接头不重叠,可避免接头处裂纹。     

一种星载微波接收机应用的全集成厚膜电源设计

应新一代小型化、轻量化星载微波接收机需求,借鉴引进的国外微波接收机全集成厚膜电源设计理念,采用轻质化硅铝材料和LTCC厚膜集成技术的新方案设计了一种应用于星载微波接收机的全集成厚膜电源.该厚膜电源模块为全集成设计,除了实现DC-DC基本功能,还集成了EMI滤波器以及多个功能电路单元,模块可直接和卫星平台配电系统对接.本产品是接替上一代为微波接收机配套的传统PCB电源,传统PCB电源体积为125mm?110mm?25mm,重量350g,新一代小型化厚膜电源体积为77mm?57mm?15mm,重量为105g,体积和重量较上一代大幅减小;引进的微波接收机全集成厚膜电源体积为85mm?75mm?20mm,重量为200g,本产品在体积和重量上也明显小于采用传统厚膜集成方案的引进件.目前多个电源模块随新一代微波接收机在轨飞行,状态良好.     

大直径小曲率薄壁铝管弯曲新工艺

采用简单的工艺方法,弯曲大直径(φ66mm)、小曲率半径(R=123mm)、超薄壁(S_0=1.5mm)铝合金管子。管子的相对弯曲半径(?)=1.8,相对壁厚S_0=1/44,允许变薄量δ=0.3mm,椭圆度θ=5mm,绉纹度Z=0.7mm。该工艺方法不作任何大的投资,对第一次弯曲的形状也不作过高的要求,只要备有一付与设计图纸相符的校型模、校型钢球、手动顶球装置即可。弯曲后的管子,完全达到美国军用图纸标准和我国航天部标准。     

新型双层结构小型化无线电高度表天线

提出一种新型小型化无线电高度表天线结构。天线采用两层微波电路复合而成,上层采用栅栏形状导体提高天线的线极化纯度,下层为2单元并联微带天线阵及馈电网络。应用此结构设计并实现了工作于4.3GHz频段的某小型飞行器高度表天线。仿真及实测结果表明,新型天线的微波电路占用空间为56mm×36mm×3mm,天线结构小于65mm×60mm×6mm(不含接头),3dB波束宽度为±33°×±37°,VSWR<2.0的相对带宽不小于4.5%,最大增益8dB。天线结构新颖紧凑,非常适用于小型飞行器平台。     

不同高度通道内热薄燃料火焰传播特性的研究

为探究通道高度对逆风火焰传播特性的影响,采用实验、数值模拟、理论分析方法对微重力条件下不同高度通道内热薄燃料火焰传播特性进行了研究。通道高度分别为10mm, 14mm和60mm的短时落塔微重力实验结果表明,相同逆风气流速度时,随通道高度增加,火焰传播速度逐渐增大,且10mm, 14mm和16mm高度通道下的火焰长度比约为通道半高度比的二次方关系。数值模拟与理论分析表明,微重力条件下,随通道高度增加,火焰传播速度、火焰长度先增大再减小,呈非单调的变化趋势。燃烧热释放速率随高度变化呈非单调变化趋势,同火焰传播速度变化规律基本一致。     

抗辐照通用扩展SiP芯片设计

研究微小卫星综合电子系统的SiP技术实现方法。首先介绍微小卫星综合电子系统结构的组成和采用SiP技术的必要性，然后对综合电子系统进行功能模块划分，并对其通用扩展模块进行详细的SiP设计，包括抗辐照器件选型、原型验证、SiP原理图、基板管壳一体化设计、建模仿真、制造加工、实装测试验证等，通过SiP技术实现了一种星载综合电子系统中通用扩展SiP芯片产品，经过实际验证测试，在保证模块功能和性能的前提下，整体模块重量从230 g减轻到48 g，体积由180 mm?130 mm?17 mm减小到46 mm?46 mm?8 mm，很好地满足了星载功能模块小型化、轻量化设计需求。     

微重力条件下两相流动沸腾换热地面等效模拟试验研究的必要性

介绍了航天器的热控制模式、对在微重力下的单相流与两相流的换热系统、微重力下与重力场下的两相流沸腾换热进行了比较。最后论述了在微重力条件下进行两相流沸腾换热地面等效试验研究的必要性。     

Development of TY-3 Microgravity Rocket System

TY-3微重力火箭总长 6 0 0 0 mm,起飞质量 1 1 0 0 kg,有效载荷 5 0 kg,最大飞行高度 2 2 0 km,能提供 1 0 - 4 g约 36 0 s时间的微重力试验条件 ,该火箭已于 2 0 0 0年 1 0月飞行试验成功 ,而且一种更先进的微重力火箭系统正在设计中。     

Separation of bacterial cells by free flow electrophoresis under microgravity: a result of the SpaceLab-Japan project on Space Shuttle flight STS-47

We demonstrated free flow electrophoresis (FFE) of charged cells under microgravity, where gravitational effects are almost eliminated. Separation of a mixture of three bacterial strains (mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2) by FFE was conducted on NASA Space Shuttle flight STS-47 (September 1992). The experiment was designed to differentiate three strains having different lipopolysaccharide core structures in the cell membrane. The results were compared to those of ground experiments, in order to examine whether or not FFE in a weightless environment provides distinct advantages. Smooth strain SL1027 and rough strain SL3749 migrated to two separated fractions. The quality (viability) and the yields of the separated samples were sufficient to show the advantage of microgravity. Another rough strain, SL1102, exhibited unexpected electrophoretic behavior, which prevented the complete resolution of the three strains. All the strains were recovered as viable cells after 8 days of flight. The present study suggests that electrophoretic separation of bacterial cells is much more effective under microgravity conditions with relatively good resolution in comparison with the ground operation.     

Fluid transport in capillary systems under microgravity

The wetting kinetics of model tubes of different geometries has been investigated experimentally and theoretically under conditions of simulated zero-gravity and microgravity. Numerical calculations of meniscus configurations and the rise of the menisci in tubes of different shape are compared with photographic pictures obtained from sounding rocket experiments (TEXUS-Programme). It is demonstrated that menisci under microgravity conditions are essentially different from those of simulated zero-g-experiments. These results, together with observed streamline patterns, yield valuable information with respect to the hydrodynamic deformation of phase interfaces and dynamic contact angles.     

Effects of Local Detachment of a Melt from Ampoule Walls,Crystal Vibration,and Magnetic Field at Crystal Growth under Zero Gravity

A numerical investigation of the melt flow and heat and mass transfer is carried out at the crystal growth under zero gravity, when the melt detachment from ampoule walls, crystal vibration, and various magnetic fields are active. Specific features of the melt flow are demonstrated depending on the size of a detachment zone adjacent to the crystallization boundary. The velocity of the averaged flow generated by crystal vibration is determined as a function of the vibration intensity. It is shown that the crystal vibration cannot compensate a thermal capillary flow (caused by detachment of the melt from the ampoule wall) and reduce the macrosegregation of impurities. It is shown that the application of steady and rotating magnetic fields are inefficient for all ampoule methods of crystal growth under microgravity conditions.     

The influence of microgravity on invasive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This study investigates the effects of microgravity on colony growth and the morphological transition from single cells to short invasive filaments in the model eukaryotic organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two-dimensional spreading of the yeast colonies grown on semi-solid agar medium was reduced under microgravity in the Σ1278b laboratory strain but not in the CMBSESA1 industrial strain. This was supported by the Σ1278b proteome map under microgravity conditions, which revealed upregulation of proteins linked to anaerobic conditions. The Σ1278b strain showed a reduced invasive growth in the center of the yeast colony. Bud scar distribution was slightly affected, with a switch toward more random budding. Together, microgravity conditions disturb spatially programmed budding patterns and generate strain-dependent growth differences in yeast colonies on semi-solid medium.     

Altered expression of mRNAs implicated in osteogenesis under conditions of simulated microgravity is regulated by CD200:CD200R

Mouse calvarial cells grown under simulated microgravity conditions (neutral buoyancy) show preferential differentiation towards the osteoclast lineage, as defined by surrogate mRNAs, bone nodule growth and TRAP⁺ cells, when compared with cells cultured under normal gravity conditions. This effect was suppressed in cultures which contained the immunoregulatory molecule CD200, and conversely enhanced by anti-CD200 mAb. Concomitant increases occur in expression of inflammatory cytokines, and their mRNAs, under simulated microgravity conditions. Again cultures containing exogenous CD200 showed suppressed cytokine and cytokine mRNA expression. Further alterations in osteoclastogenesis were seen using cells isolated from cytokine-receptor knockout mice. We conclude that, as assessed by altered expression of mRNAs associated with osteoblast differentiation, CD200:CD200R interactions play an important regulatory role in the enhanced osteoclastogenesis seen under simulated microgravity conditions, with changes in cytokine expression further modulating this effect.     

Evaluation of bleomycin-induced chromosome aberrations under simulated microgravity conditions in human lymphocytes using "FISH" techniques

In the present investigation we report the effects of simulated microgravity conditions (clinostat) on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro by (R) Bleomycin. Chromosomal aberrations have been analysed by means of fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and chromosome-specific composite DNA probes (chromosome painting). The results obtained show that, under simulated microgravity conditions, the levels of both symmetrical and asymmetrical (dicentrics, rings), the number of cells bearing "complex" aberrations and hence the total numbers of aberrations were significantly elevated at any of the dose-levels assayed, compared to the parallel treatments performed as 1g control ("ground"). Furthermore, the ratio symmetrical:asymmetrical translocations was markedly elevated under simulated microgravity conditions, compared to the findings usually observed under "normal" 1g conditions. On these bases, we are much inclined to believe that simulated microgravity, rather than limiting the resealing of DNA double strand breaks (DSB's) induced by genotoxic agents is influencing in terms of enhancement the misrejoining of DSB's which is actually responsible for the fixation of the original lesions to DNA into chromosomal aberrations. In addition, the possible different misrepair processes leading to the formation of symmetrical and asymmetrical translocations might be differentially influenced by microgravity being the symmetrical translocations significantly more represented.