浅析NADCAP认证中热电偶的技术要求

AMS2750标准规定了热处理过程热加工设备的高温测量要求,它包括温度传感器(一般指热电偶)、仪器、热加工设备、系统精度测试和温度均匀型测试五个部分。而热电偶技术要求是高温测量的最重要的内容,本文就热电偶的技术要求对NADCAP认证过程中以及日常使用维护中容易存在和忽视的问题进行了剖析。     

加快检定炉控温速度的1种方法

引言热电偶检定时，要求炉温在尽可能短的时间内稳定在设定值。要达此目的，除应有升温快、保温好的炉子外，选择好其控温热电偶的放置位置，将是加快炉子控温速度、缩短检定时间的重要因素。1控温热电偶放置于保护管中控温控温热电偶和已捆扎好的标准、被检热电偶一同放置炉腔内同轴夹装的保护管内，保护管置于炉腔内层瓷管中。这样一来，控温热电偶与加热丝相隔3层，对因加热电流变化所引起的炉温变化的反应比较迟钝，也即滞后时间T较长，经测试，l”一50。左右。当炉于全功率加热时，控温热电偶热电动势快到达设定值，绕丝管（环绕加热…     

TPH型真空炉测试方法改进

TPH型真空炉温度均匀性测试系统的温度补偿系统在长时间使用后存在温度补偿性能下降的问题,从而无法实现精确补偿,影响炉温均匀性测试结果。同时,加热设备控温热电偶测量端位置对设备性能有重要影响。本文从以上两个方面对TPH型真空炉测试方法的改进进行了论述。     

真空炉温场测试方法

针对真空炉温场测试的特点进行了分析．推荐了合理的测试方法，并探讨了有关温场测试引用标准中的一些问题。     

炉温均匀性测试用热电偶的防护

探讨了航空热处理炉炉温均匀性测试用热电偶的热电特性变化、变化原因及防护措施     

井式炉温度测量与修正方法

通过对多区控温井式炉温度测量和对温度，垂直温场的修理，水平温场的工艺温度修正等方法，可提高工件热处理一次性合格率达９８％。     

数据采集系统在热处理设备测温中的研究

通过对热处理设备测温的总结,结合实际工作经验,开发了该数据采集系统.用来满足各种不同热处理设备的炉温均匀性测试.     

复合材料构件热压罐成型温度场研究

在热压罐固化工艺的热历程中,复合材料零件表面温度场分布的合理与否将直接决定产品的固化质量.以工字型零件和T型加筋壁板两种复合材料零件为研究对象,使用EC-3×8M和SCH-5.5×21M两种型号热压罐,同时选择炉温偶和零件偶两种控温方式对零件进行固化.通过分析温度场测试结果发现,控温方式、设备加热方式、升降温速率、热电偶的摆放位置、固化压力等因素均对零件的温度场有影响.     

铝合金热处理炉温度精确控制

在铝合金热处理工艺中，对加热设备温度的均匀性要求很高，温度不能过冲，对设备的恢复性能以及设备最高最低温度的记录等方面均有要求，本文对如何实现铝合金热处理炉温的精确控制作了较详细的探讨。     

从温度均匀性测试看HB5425-89的改进方向

介绍了热处理炉温度均匀性检测的要求与方法,总结了实际工作中的经验,从设备分类、传感器要求、测试方法、管理等方面,指出了HB5425-89的不足与改进方向.     

先进战斗机控制分配方法研究综述

综述了先进战斗机控制分配方法的研究和应用状况。文中首先介绍了4种主要的控制分配方法———广义逆法、串接链法、直接分配法和数学规划法,给出各种方法在飞行控制系统分配应用中的限制,然后简单介绍控制分配方法在现实飞行控制系统中的应用情况,最后对控制分配中的几个关键问题进行了分析总结。     

多无人机协同路径规划研究综述

多无人机协同路径规划是多无人机协同控制的重要研究内容之一。首先介绍了多无人机协同路径规划的问题描述、数学模型和求解框架,然后总结出在路径规划中常见的几类环境表示方法,最后分别介绍了在多无人机协同路径规划中用到的几类路径规划算法。此外还提出了多无人机协同路径规划应关注的几个问题及可能的发展方向。     

浅谈小型化星敏感器图像传感器的选型 及其灵敏度提高方法

简要介绍了图像传感器的类型和基本原理, 分析比较了几种星敏感器中比 较常用的CCD 和CMOS APS 图像传感器的特点。重点针对这两类图像传感器的温度特性 进行了详细的分析讨论。同时,针对星敏感器方案设计中的约束条件,详细介绍了图像 传感器的选型分析计算过程。最后综合考虑多种约束条件,简要地提出了几种可以提高 星探测灵敏度的方法。     

Energy storage solutions for premium power

Most utility power quality problems are caused by sags, surges, and momentary outages which last from several cycles to several seconds. Modern loads are very sensitive to these short duration glitches resulting in major losses in revenue through system down-time and loss of product from work in process. Many of these problems are caused by normal transients as equipment and factories go on-line or shut down. Others are caused by lightening strikes and faults on the distribution system. Although power utility companies attempt to minimize the interruptions through filtering and system management, power quality problems continue to cost American industry billions of dollars a year. Batteries have been used for many years in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) to protect critical loads. However, because many new facilities have a network of broadly distributed critical loads, a UPS on the order of one to several megawatts is needed to support the total plant rather than several small kilowatt installations. This paper reports on the implementation of such a utility scale power quality management system     

柔壁风洞设计中的Elastica反问题

提出了计算柔壁风洞设计中大挠度反问题的分段线性化方法。将风洞的柔性壁简化为一端固支、一端可自由滑动的梁,其受到气压分布力、自重以及作动筒集中力的作用,需要通过离散分布的作动筒控制柔壁形状。柔壁在多种马赫数条件下的形状和气压沿长度方向变化规律已知,而要求解所需作动筒集中力的大小。通过对简单梁理论的修正,提出了分段线性化方法计算方法,得到了梁的变形方程组,并求得问题的近似解。然后采用非线性迭代方法得到在近似解作用下变形曲线,与气动设计曲线进行比较。     

An Analysis of Wide-Band Microwave Monopulse Direction-Finding Techniques

This paper presents the concept, theory of operation, characteris tic equations, and error analysis of four wide-band monopulse techniques. The basic techniques described, which include pure amplitude monopulse, phase and amplitude monopulse (two-and three-channel configurations), and pure phase monopulse interferometer, are particularly applicable to monopulse direction finding systems that require frequency coverage over several octaves and open-loop angle bearing of several degrees. Sufficient detail and working formulas are included to permit a trade-off analysis to be made between the direction-finding techniques for selection in specific hardware applications.     

Progress of continuously rotating detonation engines

Continuously rotating detonation engine (CRDE) is a focus for concern in the field of aerospace propulsion. It has several advantages, including one-initiation, high thermal efficiency and simple structure. Due to these characteristics, it is expected to bring revolutionary advance-ments to aviation and aerospace propulsion systems and now has drawn much attention throughout the world. In this paper, an overview of the development of CRDE is given from several aspects:basic concepts, applications, experimental studies, numerical simulations, and so on. Representative results and outstanding contributions are summarized and the unresolved issues for further engi-neering applications of CRDE are provided.     

On scheduling a multifunction radar

Among several other tasks, the radar of a fighter has to search, track and identify potential targets. The waveforms used by the radar for each of these tasks are most often incompatible and hence, cannot be processed simultaneously. Moreover, these tasks are repeated several times in a cyclic fashion. Altogether, this defines a complex scheduling problem that impacts a lot on the quality of the radar's output. In this paper, we define a formal framework for this real time scheduling problem and we introduce several techniques to compute efficient schedules for the radar. Experimental results are provided.     

基于视频图像序列的3-D场景生成方法

平面序列图像的立体化表述和任意视点成生是实现３－Ｄ场景的关键技术。利用便携式摄像机沿着不同运动轨迹,连续对目标物体进行拍摄,可获得不同层次的包含有双目视差深度的平面视点序列图像。从获取的序列图像中选择不同的视点,即选择参考帧,利用与参考帧相邻的帧图像,估计参考帧位置的深度信息。采用自适应匹配算法,将各种层次的深度信息分配给图像的不同区域,形成具有不同深度层次的图像深度表示图,建立３－Ｄ观察场景。最     

软件化雷达发射系统设计

讨论了实现软件化雷达发射系统的一种方法;给出了软件化雷达发射系统的数学模型;给出了产生基带波形的几种设计方案以及几种雷达信号调制算法及软件实现设计图。