无人机动态飞行参数处理及应用策略

飞行参数处理能够有效地评价无人机在飞行过程中的行为,将其与故障注入技术相集成能够合成测试无人机系统可靠性的完整技术。文中结合无人机的特点提出了一种面向飞行参数时序数据流的飞行参数处理方案,利用飞行参数处理技术实时判读无人机的行为,监测机载设备故障在无人机系统中的传播过程。首先在分析无人机飞行参数数据特征的基础上,着重研究了飞行参数实时数据采集和数据处理方法;然后构造了一个实际的飞行参数处理系统UAVFDD_01,并分析了动态飞行参数处理过程。系统可靠性测试试验结果表明设计的系统能够满足无人机可靠性测试的要求。     

飞行控制系统的快速原型设计

飞行控制系统设计是一个涉及控制、机械、电子和计算机等多个分系统的复杂系统工程,需要进行多学科、多专业的协同设计,虚拟样机技术从建模和仿真分析等多个方面为协同设计提供了技术和方法上的支持,而快速原型设计是基于虚拟样机的,快速生成物理样机的一种技术,可以看作是我国现阶段虚拟样机技术应用的一个廉价快速的替代方案。介绍了快速原型设计的概念,针对飞行控制系统的快速原型设计,讨论了与其有关的设计仿真软件、关键技术和实施方法。     

Sliding mode tracking control for miniature unmanned helicopters

A sliding mode control design for a miniature unmanned helicopter is presented. The control objective is to let the helicopter track some predefined velocity and yaw trajectories. A new sliding mode control design method is developed based on a linearized dynamic model. In order to facilitate the control design, the helicopter’s dynamic model is divided into two subsystems,such as the longitudinal-lateral and the heading-heave subsystem. The proposed controller employs sliding mode control technique to compensate for the immeasurable flapping angles’ dynamic effects and external disturbances. The global asymptotic stability(GAS) of the closed-loop system is proved by the Lyapunov based stability analysis. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed controller can achieve superior tracking performance compared with the proportionalintegral-derivative(PID) and linear-quadratic regulator(LQR) cascaded controller in the presence of wind gust disturbances.     

飞机操纵系统优化设计软件开发与运动仿真

飞机发动机操纵系统和舵面操纵系统通常采用连杆机构传递运动。本文介绍了飞机操纵系统的通用优化设计软件———ACSODS软件。本软件可根据传动系统的设计要求,对传动系统的各参数进行优化设计,同时生成系统运动的动态仿真图,因此,可以大大缩短传动系统的设计周期和设计费用。软件操作简便,界面友好,有较好的人机对话式的交互功能,并具有直观形象的设计特点,为设计者提供了一个高效、实用的设计平台。通过与实际系统的比较,设计结果完全能满足系统的要求。     

民机配平空气系统小偏差化动态建模仿真方法

配平空气系统（TAS）作为民用飞机空调系统（ACS）中的子系统之一，其本质是舱室内温度调节的高温气体支路。该系统的动态特性较大地影响着下游乃至舱室内空气参数的变化，不利于下游参数的稳定。因此需要依据系统固有的动态特性，通过设计系统的控制规律，达到稳定下游空气参数的目的。随着系统方案及部件的更新换代，民机配平空气系统的压力控制方式逐步由机械气动式压力调节活门转变为电动式压力调节活门辅以压力传感器的方式。这种方式要求对配平空气系统的动态特性进行快速、准确的仿真，并能够依据仿真结果进行压力控制律设计。本文提出小偏差化的线性化处理方法作为动态特性建模仿真的理论推导依据，对采用电动式压力调节活门和压力传感器方案的典型民机配平空气系统建立高效的动态仿真模型。经校验，该方法结果准确。此外，还根据动态特性分析结果给出电动式压力调节活门的控制律设计实例，有效实现了良好的压力调节效果。根据设计流程提出了配平空气系统的压力控制需求，为民机空调系统的动态仿真建模方法提供指导思路。     

直接根据性能指标进行航空发动机LQG/LTR控制器设计

本文提出了一种根据性能指标要求设计航空发动机LQG/LTR控制器的方法。采用这种方法,可根据发动机模型及性能指标要求直接获得卡尔曼滤波器增益,而无需求解Riccati方程。随后的仿真结果表明,所设计的控制系统具有较好的稳定鲁棒性及较好的动态性能。      

DDV作动器余度数字伺服系统工程设计与实现

 介绍一种直接驱动阀（DDV）式作动器的余度数字式伺服系统设计与实现,描述了系统的余度配置、设计思想及组成,建立了DDV作动器的结构参数化模型及数字伺服回路的模型,并进行了仿真,分析了作动器动静态特性、采样频率及监控器的设计性能。最后,采用快速原型实时仿真,对余度数字式伺服系统完成了的性能试验验证,结果表明系统性能令人满意。     

一种面向航空集群的集中控制式网络部署方法

软件定义网络（SDN）的发展为机载网络构建提供了全新的设计思想。针对航空集群环境下控制平面的可扩展性问题,研究了混合层次式架构下的多控制器部署问题。首先,为实现对底层传输节点的弹性管控,通过扩展控制层级定义了本地控制器资源池。然后,为减少时间复杂度,实现本地控制器的快速部署,将传统的多控制器直接部署转化为子域划分和域内部署两个步骤,提出了基于节点密度排序的子域划分算法和基于改进多目标模拟退火的域内控制器部署算法。实验结果表明：与已有算法相比,所提算法在保证控制器的负载均衡基础上,可以有效减少网络控制链路的平均时延和平均失连率,同时时间复杂度更低,能够适用于大规模及动态网络环境下的控制器部署场景。     

基于OPC技术的气体加温压力FCS系统

介绍了基于OPC技术的气体加温压力FCS系统的设计思想、结构和特点,以及控制原理。该系统应用于航空发动机空气涡轮起动机的起动控制,形成了一体化、网络化和信息化的新型航空发动机整机试车测控系统。     

Distributed flight control system using fiber distributed datainterface (FDDI)

The design of fault-tolerant distributed control systems is discussed. The application described is a generic flight control system (FCS) for a fighter aircraft. The system is designed for high redundancy and expandability to meet various requirements. The communication network is based on the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), which provides a high level of electromagnetic interference resistance and reliability. The choice of fiber optic media also provides an extremely high bandwidth and tremendous growth capability for future communications needs. This study is not specific to FDDI or flight control systems. The methods and configurations presented should be applicable to many real-time control implementations     

Damage-mitigating control of aircraft for enhanced structuraldurability

The concept and a design methodology for robust damage-mitigating control (DMC) of aircraft is presented. The goal of DMC is to simultaneously achieve high performance and structural durability and the design procedure is based on damage mitigation at critical structures and retention of the flight performance. An aeroelastic model of the wings has been formulated and is incorporated into a nonlinear rigid-body model of aircraft flight-dynamics. Robust damage-mitigating controllers are then designed using the H_∞-based structured singular value (μ) synthesis method based on a linearized model of the aircraft. In addition to penalizing the error between the ideal performance and the actual performance of the aircraft, frequency-dependent weights are placed on the strain amplitude at the root of each wing, Using each controller in turn, the control system is put through an identical sequence of maneuvers, and the resulting (varying amplitude cyclic) stress profiles are analyzed using a fatigue crack growth model that incorporates the effects of varying-amplitude cyclic loading. Comparisons are made to determine the impact of different strain-amplitude weights on the resulting flight performance and fatigue crack damage in the wings. The results of simulation experiments show significant savings in fatigue life of the wings while retaining the dynamic performance of the aircraft     

弹性环金属橡胶支承结构刚度设计与试验验证

 弹性环金属橡胶阻尼器(MRD/ER)是本文提出的一种有别于传统挤压油膜阻尼器的新型无油润滑转子弹性支承阻尼结构,其支承刚度主要来源于弹性环和金属橡胶,并利用金属橡胶阻尼元件提供结构阻尼。该结构具有良好的线性支承刚度且对转子振动阻尼减振效果明显,其限幅凸台限制转子系统可能出现的过大振幅,保证系统安全可靠。本文对该种弹性阻尼支承结构进行结构和动力学设计,并通过刚度阻尼性能仿真计算以及相应的试验进行验证,结果表明:在准静态试验中,阻尼器的组合刚度在大变形范围内具有良好的线性特征且具有稳定的阻尼性能;在动态试验中,结构动刚度随激振频率的增加而减小,在宽频域内具有较大的阻尼系数。     

某型飞机操纵系统钢索滑轮组动摩擦特性研究

为研究某型飞机操纵系统国产钢索滑轮组与进口钢索滑轮组动摩擦特性的差异,在参考国内外相关文献资料和工程实践的基础上,就该操纵系统中拟采用的进口钢索滑轮组进行动摩擦特性的研究。运用经典力学理论的基本原理,通过与系统中正在使用的国产钢索滑轮组动摩擦特性的对比分析,并对试验中取得的数据运用Labview软件和频谱分析软件进行处理。结果表明:该进口钢索滑轮组的动摩擦力较小、刚度较大,符合工程设计的需要。研究结果为该型飞机操纵系统钢索滑轮组的设计改进提供工程依据。     

Control law design for transonic aeroservoelasticity

Existing computational transonic aeroservoelastic researches focus on directly coupling the structural dynamic equations, CFD solver and servo system in time domain, study the effect of the given feedback control laws on the responses of the aeroelastic system. These works have not involved the design of the flutter active control law. The non-linearity of transonic flow brings great difficulties to aeroservoelastic analysis and design. Recent research of the unsteady aerodynamic reduced order models (ROM) based on CFD provides a challenging approach for transonic aeroservoelastic analysis and design. Coupling the structural state equations with the aerodynamic state equations of the wing and the control surface based on the ROM, we construct a transonic aeroservoelastic model in state-space. Then the sub-optimal control method based on output feedback is used to design the flutter suppressing law. The study first demonstrates the open loop of the Benchmark Active Controls Technology (BACT) wing. The computational results of the CFD direct simulation method and the ROM analysis method are both agree well with the experimental data. Then both the closed loop time responses and the flutter results by ROM technique are compared with those of numerical aeroservoelastic simulation based on Euler codes to validate the correctness of the design method of the control law and aeroservoelastic analysis method. An increase of up to 20% of the speed index can be achieved by the control law designed by sub-optimal control method for this model.     

推力矢量控制与飞机过失速机动仿真研究

非线性动态逆为非线性系统控制律的设计提供了一种重要手段。针对过失速机动飞机探讨了非线性动态逆方法在飞行控制系统设计中的应用。根据非线性动态逆的特点将飞机的动态特性分为快慢不同的状态变量。对快变量应用非线性动态逆进行控制律设计是将飞机气动控制面和推力矢量控制作为输入；慢状态变量控制律的设计是利用快状态变量作为输入。并采用伪逆的优化计算方法对各控制面的操纵权限分配进行了探讨。“Cobra”和“Herbst”两个过失速机动的实现证明该设计方法和仿真方法是成功的。     

Automatic landing system using neural networks and radio-technical subsystems

The paper focuses on the design of a new automatic landing system(ALS) in longitudinal plane; the new ALS controls the aircraft trajectory and longitudinal velocity. Aircraft control is achieved by means of a proportional-integral(PI) controller and the instrumental landing system– the first phase of landing(the glide slope) and a proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller together with a radio-altimeter – the second phase of landing(the flare); both controllers modify the reference model associated with aircraft pitch angle. The control of the pitch angle and longitudinal velocity is performed by a neural network adaptive control system, based on the dynamic inversion concept, having the following as components: a linear dynamic compensator, a linear observer, reference models, and a Pseudo control hedging(PCH) block. The theoretical results are software implemented and validated by complex numerical simulations; compared with other ALSs having the same radio-technical subsystems but with conventional or fuzzy controllers for the control of aircraft pitch angle and longitudinal velocity, the architecture designed in this paper is characterized by much smaller overshoots and stationary errors.     

MIMO变结构飞行重构控制系统设计

基于滑模变结构控制,提出一种MIMO(multiple input multiple output)的飞行重构控制系统的频域设计方法.将滑模变结构控制与飞行重构控制相结合,解决了飞行重构控制技术中故障检测和系统参数辨识的问题.引入渐近观测器和hedge模型增加重构控制系统对衍生未建模动态的鲁棒性;引入作动器模型、输出饱和限制和驾驶员模型,使变结构重构控制系统设计方法变得更为有效和实用;以某型飞机的横航向飞行控制系统为例,进行设计模拟.结果表明:在飞机气动参数大幅突变和操纵面严重受损的情况下,飞机仍能保持良好的性能.      

航空发动机低压转子系统的动力学相似设计方法

提出了航空发动机转子系统动力学相似设计方法,以便采用模型替代实际结构对其动力学特性进行研究。基于转子系统的动力学等效原则,通过动力学优化方法建立全尺寸原型的相似等效模型。综合采用方程分析和量纲分析推导转子系统的动力学相似准则,并根据转子设计参数的相似关系建立相似等效模型的缩比模型。基于模型修正方法对三维设计模型的相似误差进行修正,得到预测精度较高的动力学相似模型。以双转子发动机低压转子试验模型的动力学相似设计为例,通过有限元仿真对动力学相似设计方法的有效性进行了验证。结果表明:在设计转速范围内,通过该方法得到的动力学相似模型能够有效预测全尺寸原型的临界转速和不平衡响应,前三阶临界转速的相似误差分别为3.09%、1.75%和0.31%,对应振型的相关性均大于0.93。该方法具有较高的实用价值,可为发动机整机动力学相似设计提供参考。     

Dual-Spin Spacecraft Nutation Control Using Articulated Payloads

A technique is presented for achieving active control of nutation on a dual-spin spacecraft with an articulated payload through use of the payload's control system. Using the Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO)-8 as an illustration, the closed-form solution to the nutation/control system dynamic interaction is presented. Control system design criteria are developed which establish the basic stability of the interaction. Design procedures are described to achieve the most effective nutation damping. Limitations on the amount of damping which can be achieved are characterized as functions of spacecraft and payload mass properties and servodesign parameters. The design techniques presented are verified through a series of on-orbit tests recently conducted on the OSO-8 spacecraft.     

球载电子系统可靠性设计探讨

根据气球载电子系统的特点和任务需要，改变传统的以平均故障间隔时间为中心的设计思想，介绍了一种基于无维修使用期的可靠性设计思想。这种设计思想强调故障的可预计性和可靠性水平的可保证性，强调高标准，从根本上提高产品固有可靠性水平。探讨了冗余设计、引人容错设计、可重构性设计、动态设计、故障软化设计、环境防护设计和降级设计等各种可靠性设计技术和方法。