Effective local dynamic routing strategy for air route networks

With the rapid development of air transportation, network service ability has attracted a lot of attention in academe. Aiming to improve the throughput of the air route network(ARN), we propose an effective local dynamic routing strategy in this paper. Several factors, such as the routing distance, the geographical distance and the real-time local traffic, are taken into consideration.When the ARN is in the normal free-flow state, the proposed strategy can recover the shortest path routing(SPR) strategy. When the ARN undergoes congestion, the proposed strategy changes the paths of flights based on the real-time local traffic information. The throughput of the Chinese air route network(CARN) is evaluated. Results confirm that the proposed strategy can significantly improve the throughput of CARN. Meanwhile, the increase in the average flying distance and time is tiny. Results also indicate the importance of the distance related factors in a routing strategy designed for the ARN.     

UMR: A utility-maximizing routing algorithm for delay-sensitive service in LEO satellite networks

This paper develops a routing algorithm for delay-sensitive packet transmission in a low earth orbit multi-hop satellite network consists of micro-satellites. The micro-satellite low earth orbit(MS-LEO) network endures unstable link connection and frequent link congestion due to the uneven user distribution and the link capacity variations. The proposed routing algorithm,referred to as the utility maximizing routing(UMR) algorithm, improve the network utility of the MS-LEO network for carrying flows with strict end-to-end delay bound requirement. In UMR, first, a link state parameter is defined to capture the link reliability on continuing to keep the end-to-end delay into constraint; then, on the basis of this parameter, a routing metric is formulated and a routing scheme is designed for balancing the reliability in delay bound guarantee among paths and building a path maximizing the network utility expectation. While the UMR algorithm has many advantages, it may result in a higher blocking rate of new calls. This phenomenon is discussed and a weight factor is introduced into UMR to provide a flexible performance option for network operator. A set of simulations are conducted to verify the good performance of UMR, in terms of balancing the traffic distribution on inter-satellite links, reducing the flow interruption rate,and improving the network utility.     

基于最短路径和负载动态的改进路由策略

随着计算机通讯技术的发展和网络的普及,信息资源日益膨胀,随时导致网络拥塞的发生,甚至造成网络崩溃。为了对网络拥塞进行控制,提出了基于最短路径和局部负载动态的改进路由策略。采用基于距离优先和度优先连接的复杂网络演化模型构建现实网络的模拟网络,并在此基础上再对所提出的改进路由策略进行仿真实验,仿真结果充分说明提出的改进路由策略在网络拥塞控制上效果更优。     

弹性高超声速滑翔飞行器的状态/参数联合估计

弹性高超声速滑翔飞行器具有强非线性、强不确定性和刚体/弹性耦合的特点，对其状态和参数进行估计十分必要。为解决这一问题，提出了一种传感器布置策略和一种利用正交三角（QR）分解更新到达代价的滚动时域估计算法（MHE-QR）。首先，建立了考虑弹性的传感器观测模型并分析了传感器位置对可观性的影响，并在此基础上提出了一种反映系统可观性的性能指标。传感器布置策略以此性能指标为目标函数，将传感器布置问题转化为约束非线性优化问题并求解，即可得到最优传感器布置方案。然后提出了MHE-QR算法。在滚动时域估计的框架下，该算法利用前向动态规划原理将到达代价的计算转化为最小二乘问题，并给出了基于QR分解的到达代价更新算法。仿真结果表明该传感器布置策略和MHE-QR算法能够有效提高估计精度、收敛速度和计算速度。此外，MHE-QR算法具有实时应用的潜力。     

Real-time ray-based channel generation and emulation for UAV communications

A real-time ray-based hardware emulator for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication channels which suits for the Three-Dimensional (3D) dynamic scenarios and considers the movements of both terminals is developed in this paper. The time-variant channel parameters, i.e., ray delay, ray gain, and ray Doppler frequency are precalculated in the host by using the Ray Tracing (RT) method. Meanwhile, RT simulation dramatically increases the number of valid rays. To address the problem of resource limitation and huge computational burden in the implementation, an efficient ray coefficients generation method based on iteration is proposed and implemented. With the advantages of low cost and high flexibility, a Software Defined Radio (SDR) hardware platform is used to emulate the ray-based UAV channels by utilizing the compact architecture including the Time-Division (TD) scheme and Tapped-Delay Line (TDL) for channel convolution. Finally, hardware measurement results demonstrate that the properties of emulated channel, i.e., Power Delay Profile (PDP) and Doppler Power Spectrum Density (DPSD) consist with the simulated ones, which verifies the correctness of hardware implementation. The proposed channel emulator provides an efficient way for optimization, verification, and evaluation of UAV communication systems.     

基于蚁群优化的能量均衡自适应路由算法

基于蚁群优化的WSNs路由算法具有蚁群优化自组织性、正反馈性和并行性的特点,在构造无线传感器网络中的最优路由时有很好的性能。但是蚁群优化构造最优解时带来的网络开销十分可观,不适合在路由维护阶段反复使用蚁群优化重构路由。考虑到蚁群优化的上述特点,同时针对无线传感器网络能量受限的特点,提出了一种基于蚁群优化的能量均衡白适应路由算法。该算法使用了新的信息素更新算子,算子中包含了网络能量水平因子,能够均衡网络能量消耗。在路由维护阶段,该算法使用了新的基于侦测蚂蚁的自适应路由维护机制,很好地降低了网络开销。     

ELGR: An Energy-efficiency and Load-balanced Geographic Routing Algorithm for Lossy Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Geographic routing is a highly active area of research in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) owing to its efficiency and scalability. However, the use of simple greedy forwarding decreases the packet reception rate (PRR) dramatically in unreliable wireless environments; this also depresses the network lifetime. Therefore, it is important to improve delivery performance and prolong MANET lifetime simultaneously. In this article, a novel geographic routing algorithm, named energy-efficiency and load-loalanced geographic routing (ELGR), is presented for lossy MANETs. ELGR combines energy efficiency and load balance to make routing decisions. First, a link estimation scheme for the PRR is presented that increases the network energy efficiency level. Second, a learning method is proposed to adaptively sense local network loads, allowing enhanced whole network load balance. The results of a simulation show that ELGR performs better than several other geographic routing algorithms; in particular it extends network lifetime by about 20%, with a higher delivery ratio.     

基于MDP-GERT的航空装备维修保障流程优化研究

针对航空装备维修保障中存在的维修保障能力难以满足保障需求的问题,结合马尔科夫决策过程与图示评审技术,提出了一种新的航空装备维修保障流程优化模型。首先在GERT网络中嵌入决策节点,以总维修时间为目标函数,构建了航空装备维修保障流程MDP-GERT网络模型；然后利用策略迭代法和蒙特卡罗仿真技术,给出了模型的求解方法；最后,结合案例得到多机充氮流程的优化工序和预计时间,验证了模型和算法的可行性和有效性。结果表明:利用该模型对保障流程进行优化,能够有效地为缩短维修保障时间提供决策支持,提高维修保障效率。     

软交换承载网络组网模式分析与研究

针对软交换网络中信令流、媒体流和维护流等业务流的交互需求,结合SOFTX3000软交换设备、UMG8900通用媒体网关设备和UA5000用户接入设备相关单板的工作原理,分析了采用二层组网模式的承载网络存在的弊端,提出了基于OSPF(Open Shortest Path First,开放式最短路径优先)协议的三层路由组网模式,并在某电话局软交换网络中得到应用。经分析,采用三层路由组网模式相比于二层组网模式具有更高的安全性和可靠性。     

用于航空高压直流电源系统的笼型异步发电机控制策略的研究

 现代电力电子技术的发展使得笼型异步发电机能够适用于航空高压直流系统中。着重对笼型异步电机与电力电子变换器结合构成的发电系统进行了研究,说明了采用直接转矩控制策略可使这种发电系统具有很好的动态特性。介绍了异步发电机直接转矩控制的原理与实现方法,并给出了仿真与实验结果。     

临近空间飞行器轨迹分析与组网性能仿真

近年来,临近空间组网成为研究热点,然而临近空间飞行器运行轨迹复杂和高动态的特性为实现可靠通信增加了难度,必须使用合适的移动模型对其性能进行仿真分析。分析了临近空间飞行器完整的运行轨迹,利用QualNet平台建立了飞行中各个阶段的模型,并基于无线自组网按需平面距离向量（AODV）路由协议进行了性能仿真,仿真结果为今后设计空天地-体化飞行器测控通信网提供了一定的依据。     

高超声速飞行器再入轨迹多目标优化

针对飞行器再入轨迹多目标优化问题,提出了一种基于粒子群算法与层次分析法的综合求解策略。首先,根据飞行器的动力学模型以及再入约束条件,建立了飞行器多目标优化模型;然后,考虑到粒子群算法只能求解无约束单目标问题,采用罚函数处理飞行过程中的约束条件和优化目标;最后,针对不同约束及目标的权重对再入轨迹的影响,利用层次分析法建立包含主观评估信息的优化模型,采用粒子群算法优化求解满足相应约束条件的再入轨迹问题。仿真结果表明,该方法所生成的优化轨迹具有较高的精度和计算效率,并对设计者的主观需求有良好的体现。     

民用飞机航电数据网络带宽资源分配优化设计

民用飞机航电数据网络在设计过程中,通过对带宽资源的合理分配,来满足网络成员系统的数据传输需求。而在设计过程中,存在因网络带宽需求分布的非均匀性等因素造成的局部带宽资源不足的问题,因此需要在初步带宽资源分配结果上进行局部优化设计。提出一种通过网络带宽资源使用率最高的链路和端系统进行识别,以及进行针对性物理链路连接关系调整,从而实现降低交换机之间链路带宽资源使用率的方法。通过网络仿真对该方法的优化效果进行了分析,发现这种方法能够降低网络局部链路的较高带宽资源使用率,单轮优化的有效降幅超过15%。该网络带宽资源分配优化设计方法,一方面能够有效解决因飞机网络局部带宽不足问题,降低由此导致的网络拥堵、排队、丢包等风险,确保网络确定性;另一方面还能尽量保持当前分配结果,减少设计优化变更对网络时延性能和网络布线方面的影响。     

Overview of multiple satellite communication networks

Recently interest in packet communications has stimulated an interest in constellations of low altitude satellites. Such a configuration would have less propagation delay and be cheaper to launch than satellites at higher or geosynchronous altitude. However, many more satellites are necessary at low altitude to achieve reasonable coverage of the earth and insure availability of the resource. Further, the geometry of such a constellation would be dynamic with communication links of short duration as the satellites speed past each other or a ground site. The most difficult design issue in these systems is a stable method of routing messages that will sustain a reasonable level of traffic. This paper explores the problems of routing and switching messages through a constellation of low altitude satellites and examines some of the related demands on technology. The dynamic nature of crosslinks, uplinks, and downlinks requires a very agile antenna system, and the volume of information for routing of traffic is overwhelming. Use of some type of facetted phased array antenna is advocated to solve the former problem, but the latter problem is more subtle. Since the volume of ephemeris and constellation data as well as the rate of update is unmanageable, schemes relying on some form of broadcast or random access may be considered. It is concluded that none of the known or examined approaches to routing and switching is completely satisfactory     

混合SDN的多目标路由优化算法

为充分利用SDN(Software Defined Network,软件定义网络)节点的优势来优化网络性能,混合SDN的流量工程成为当前的研究热点,而路由优化是实现流量工程目标的重要策略之一.但是,当前混合SDN的流量工程中未考虑网络整体的负载均衡以及SDN节点的处理能力.针对上述问题,提出了一种多目标路由优化算法——MCS(Minimum Cost Sum,最小化代价和),综合考虑整个网络的传输延迟与链路利用率,同时保证SDN节点的处理能力满足实际约束,最终实现全网综合性能的最优化.实验结果表明,当网络整体负载较轻,MCS与现有的SOTE(SDN/OSPF Traffic Engineering,软件定义网络/开放最短路径优先流量工程)算法性能相近;而当网络负载加重时,MCS相比于SOTE,可将网络负载降低约9％,因此,MCS算法具有更高的优化能力.     

低成本捷联惯导不对称动态误差的神经网络补偿

 针对低成本捷联惯导系统(SINS)中陀螺动态误差的不对称性在角振动条件下造成姿态漂移的问题,设计了多层前向神经网络的补偿模型。在标定模型参数时,为降低对外部参考信号测量精度的要求,提出用姿态解算的最终误差作为网络优化目标的训练方法。由于最终的姿态误差不是网络的期望输出,无法采用有导师的训练方法,为此采用了微粒群优化算法。仿真实验结果表明:补偿后的陀螺动态误差的不对称度减小了一个数量级。     

基于最小跳数的无线传感器网络跨层设计

传统的严格分层参考模型无法实现对无线传感器网络资源的有效管理和运用,跨层设计是提高网络整体性能的一种有效方法。针对无线传感器网络能量、计算资源、存储资源和带宽资源有限的特点,提出一种基于最小跳数的路由层和MAC层的跨层协议设计方案。MAC层和路由层通过共享sensor节点到sink节点的最小跳数信息,在MAC层建立时间梯度,解决多个节点共享无线信道的问题;并在路由层建立路由表,解决路由选择问题。仿真结果表明,该方案在降低网络能耗的同时,在降低传输延迟,提高数据投递率方面也取得了良好的性能。     

飞机维修路径研究热点与前沿——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

近年来,随着民航运输业的飞速发展,飞机维修路径规划研究越来越受到重视。为了探究飞机维修路径规划问题的研究现状、研究热点以及前沿趋势,以中国知网（CNKI）和Web of Science 核心数据库2000 年1 月—2022 年12 月收录的国内外飞机维修路径规划研究的相关文献作为分析数据,将CiteSpace V 软件作为辅助研究工具,分析飞机维修路径规划研究领域的研究学者和研究机构以及合作关系,结合知识图谱与文献内容总结该领域的研究热点与研究前沿。考虑国内的飞机维修路径规划研究情况,针对我国在该领域的研究趋势以及重点研究内容提出研究建议,为今后飞机维修路径规划研究提供参考。     

IP网络设备典型故障分析及其对策

针对IP网络设备在使用过程中产生的广播风暴、传输数据丢包、MP-group(Multilink-group,复用链路组)接口链路层运行PPP(Point to Point Protocol,点对点协议)异常等问题,结合华为S9300交换机设备、NE40E路由器设备的工作原理,对策略路由机理、STP(Spanning Tree Protocol生成树协议)、广播数据帧复制过程进行了研究和分析。并通过分析问题产生的机理,发现了目前网络数据配置存在的不足,提出了在核心层交换机上配置流过滤策略等应对措施和快速处理故障的方法,对系统进行了完善与改进,并优化了相关领域的应用,为维护人员在任务中迅速、合理地实施应急处置提供了参考。     

Oscillation suppression for traffic class dependent routing in ISL network

Adaptive per-hop routing in the intersatellite link (ISL) network of a packet-switched, nongeostationary satellite system is addressed. In particular, a traffic class dependent (TCD) routing is proposed with different optimization criteria for different traffic classes. Furthermore, for delay sensitive traffic, performance is enhanced by an exponential smoothing link-cost function, which reduces traffic load oscillations in the network. The performance of the proposed procedures is evaluated in two different traffic scenarios using an appropriate simulation model