桥式偏心密封段的研制

针对桥式偏心分层注水管柱在进行分层压力测试时,现有密封段操作繁琐、技术难以掌握,且在压差大的情况下存在密封段不易起出来的问题,研制了一种以免调节皮碗作为密封件的桥式偏心密封段。该密封段设计了一种平衡机构,它使得密封段在进行密封时起到更优的密封效果;皮碗不需要测量调节,降低了操作难度;此外,设计了单向阀,上提密封段时,它可以使密封的内外压力达到平衡,从而可以很容易地起出测试密封段,并解决了压差大的情况下密封段不易起出来的问题。     

高压液氧涡轮泵孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封的设计

针对某型火箭发动机高压液氧涡轮泵离心轮的前、后凸肩动密封,采用孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封代替原始迷宫密封方案,并对密封结构参数进行优化设计,旨在减小泵内动静间隙泄漏,提高泵容积效率。采用经水工质孔型密封泄漏量实验数据验证的,基于k-ε湍流模型和三维定常Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程的液体孔型密封泄漏量数值计算方法,研究了孔深、孔径对液氧孔型阻尼密封、蜂窝阻尼密封泄漏特性的影响规律,并与迷宫密封的封严性能进行了比较。计算分析了孔径在0.3~2.0 mm范围内、孔深在0.1~2.0 mm范围内连续变化时孔型阻尼密封的泄漏量。结果表明:相同孔径和孔深下,孔型阻尼密封和蜂窝阻尼密封具有相近的封严性能,均优于迷宫密封;有限的密封轴向长度下,液氧孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封泄漏量随孔径的增大(轴向孔数目减小)先减小后增大,孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封最佳孔径为1.4 mm;不同孔径下,液氧孔型/蜂窝密封均存在最佳深径比0.5,泄漏量达到最小值;相比于原始迷宫密封方案,优化设计的孔型/蜂窝阻尼密封使液氧涡轮泵离心轮前、后凸肩动密封泄漏量分别减小了约19%和21%。     

径向密封设计及预紧力分析

主要描述了航天器结构设计中所采用的三种径向密封结构形式以及密封力的计算方法。在密封容器内压作用下,控制密封法兰两螺栓间的挠度变形,使两螺栓间法兰的间隙不大于0.1～0.2mm,从而达到满意的密封效果。同时,在密封实施过程中通过控制连接螺栓的拧紧力矩来确保密封法兰间的压紧力,通过紧固件的防松处理,提高法兰连接的可靠性。     

液氧煤油发动机碟形金属密封特性

碟形金属密封是一种精密的封闭式密封结构,在预紧过程和工作过程中表现出强烈的非线性特征,采用试验手段或者线性有限元方法无法对其密封特性进行直观量化研究。为了解决该问题,以1 200 kN推力液氧煤油发动机中的一种小直径碟形金属密封结构为研究对象,采用非线性弹塑性有限元仿真计算方法,分析了密封结构轴向压缩量、各密封面的密封面积及密封应力随加载载荷的变化规律,研究了碟形密封结构的密封机理和轴向刚度特性。分析结果表明:预紧载荷作用后4个密封面均形成密封面积和密封应力,预紧状态下碟形环发生"S"形变形并出现失稳现象,介质的压力载荷和温度载荷造成各密封面的密封性能下降。     

基于AutoCAD平台的涨圈密封参数化软件开发

系统阐述了涨圈密封的基本理论和结构特点,深入探讨了涨圈密封参数化设计的意义和现状。在此基础上,在AutoCAD 2008平台下,采用C++编程语言,在Object ARX2008环境下成功开发了用于涨圈密封设计的参数化CAD软件,实现了涨圈密封的参数化设计,提高了涨圈密封设计的效率和质量,设计实例表明,软件界面友好,使用简单,设计结果可靠,经试验验证,研制的涨圈密封各项指标均满足产品性能需求。     

柔性舱O型密封圈密封性能分析

针对柔性舱为密封舱在太空环境中存在密封可靠性不足问题,文章提出了一种柔性舱O型密封结构,建立了柔性舱密封结构的非线性有限元仿真模型。通过柔性舱O型密封圈的Von Mises应力及最大接触应力来判定柔性舱密封可靠性,探讨柔性舱内气压、预压缩率、压条与舱门法兰间是否添加薄膜等因素对柔性舱密封性能的影响状况。ANSYS仿真分析结果表明:随着预压缩率及柔性舱内压增加,最大接触应力与Von Mises应力增大;当柔性舱密封结构添加薄膜时将增强密封性能,预压缩率为10%且舱内气压在0.1～0.6MPa范围内时可实现自密封,从而保证柔性舱密封性能。     

洁净真空与失重和超重环境滚动轴承的设计与试验

基于磁性流体不能旋转密封其它液体,但应能够旋转密封磁性流体本身的构思,研制磁性流体润滑和密封的滚动轴承。利用含10%纳米Fe3O4的聚α-烯烃合成油（PAO）基磁性流体的优良润滑性能,在实验测试的基础上,选择高粘度的25w/50聚α-烯烃合成油基磁性流体代替滚动轴承的润滑脂。利用磁性流体离心式转动密封具有零泄漏和极低磨损微粒排放的优异密封性能,在计算分析和结构优化设计的基础上,选择低粘度的5w/30聚α-烯烃合成油基磁性流体作为离心式密封介质,用磁性流体离心式转动密封代替滚动轴承的橡胶密封。试验表明：这种离心式磁性流体转动密封的滚动轴承有效地减少了润滑剂的散失和磨损微粒的排放,适用于洁净、真空、失重和超重的特殊环境。     

空间环境模拟器内液氮冷管密封技术

针对空间环境模拟器内活动热沉供液管道密封的真空、低温要求,从密封技术的机理出发,分析了软金属密封、温度作用下的复合密封、特型金属密封等几种密封技术的优缺点,提出了相应的改进方法。     

高压补燃液氧/煤油发动机弹性金属密封技术探讨

讨论了弹性金属密封的弹塑性密封机理,回顾了国内外低温液体火箭发动机弹性金属密封技术的发展历程。结合高压补燃液氧/煤油发动机的工作特点,分析了发动机管路静密封所采用的Э形弹性金属密封、K形弹性金属密封、碟形弹性金属密封以及软金属密封的密封特性,从密封结构设计、密封材料选择、预紧载荷控制以及加工制造工艺四个方面总结并提出了影响高压补燃液氧/煤油发动机弹性金属密封性能的技术要点。针对当前国内高压补燃液氧/煤油发动机弹性金属密封的理论研究及工程应用现状,建议加强弹性金属密封技术的基础理论研究,完善弹性金属密封的结构设计方法并进行相应的预紧力偏差设计研究。     

膜盒式机械密封设计研究

基于膜盒式机械密封理论与经验,研究了膜盒式机械密封密封材料、密封结构、密封性能、密封比压、泄漏量等之间的关系.基于ANSYS有限元软件平台面-面接触分析模块Contact Pressure,仿真分析和计算了膜盒式静环组件在过盈配合压装条件下端面块应力、应变场分布与变形量之间的关系,得出了膜盒式机械密封密封材料选择、结构、静环组件、密封性能参数设计准则.在该准则中端面块过盈量选取范围为0.16-0.18 mm之间.采用该设计准则设计的膜盒式机械密封已经用于某战略弹道导弹武器系统用液体火箭发动机之中,该发动机已经通过了地面热试车考核.     

遥测装备智能运维系统的研究与工程化实现

随着航天发射和在轨航天器管理任务的不断增加，为支撑各类测控需求，遥测站数量越来越多，测控系统越来越复杂。为了从整体降低对遥测任务及遥测装备的运维管理成本，提升运维信息的应用能力，为各类角色用户提供有效全面的信息支撑，需要建立体系化的遥测装备智能运维系统。构建多级智能化运维体系，通过现代化信息感知和传输技术实现装备信息的多维度快速获取、感知和汇聚，全局性掌控战斗资源，建设运维中心及信息处理平台完成数据的智能融合处理，通过对各装备、各时段数据的比较，关联挖掘信息，深层次利用运维数据，实现资源全景展示、装备状态监视与智能维护、运行效能评估、态势分析与预测等能力，为遥测资源和战斗力部署调度提供直接全面的决策支撑。     

新时期高校思想政治工作者应具备高素质能力

加强和改进高校思想政治工作,实现思想政治教育任务,完成培养和造就中国特色社会主义事业的建设者和接班人这一历史重任,提高思想政治工作的实际效果,实现教育与管理的科学化和现代化,思想政治工作者应具备良好的政治素质、较高的文化素质、坚强的意志品质和较强的能力素质.     

一种开放式模块化星载综合电子系统的设计与实现

为了提升卫星综合电子系统的标准化、通用化设计能力以及智能化、网络化应用水平，本文提出并设计了一种开放式模块化星载综合电子系统，通过了工程型号的实际应用验证。该综合电子系统以层次化的总线体系结构以及通用化的硬件模块、软件构件为基础构建形成一套标准服务功能包，能够根据不同的任务场景按需选装所需的功能单元，显著提升综合电子系统的货架式集成组装研制能力，同时借助统一的信息通信服务网络和软硬件基础组件，为综合电子系统的模块化升级扩展、设备级的功能重构与重组、系统级的故障容忍和恢复能力奠定了坚实的基础，为实现航天器整体的高质量、高效率、效益研制与运行提供了有力的技术支撑。     

Fluid and electrolyte alterations during prolonged hypokinesia

The physiological and biochemical systems that regulate the level of each electrolyte in blood and other endogenous fluids, and the balance between the consumption and loss of fluid and electrolytes and the total fluid and electrolyte content of the body are significantly affected during hypokinesia (HK; diminished movement). Among the known effects of HK, the fluid and electrolyte deficiency has drawn a great interest due to the higher fluid and electrolyte deficiency with higher than lower fluid and electrolyte consumption. The impossibility of the body to use fluid and electrolytes, after the fluid and electrolyte deficiency has been established, has drawn the greatest interest. The fluid shifting to the thoracic region and the daily body rehydration are considered as the most effective methods to counteract fluid and electrolyte changes. To this end, the objective of this review was to report some of the findings in the fluid and electrolyte deficiency and fluid and electrolyte loss with fluid and electrolyte deficiency during prolonged HK.     

美俄电子战靶场现状及发展趋势浅析

分析了美俄电子战靶场发展现状和发展路线,指出了电子战靶场发展趋势,即“三个一体化”：内外场一体化、多靶场联合一体化及“研、试、训”一体化。现代电子战和电子战装备技术系统性、对抗性更强,美俄电子战靶场发展对电子战靶场建设主动适应这种变化,尽快实现“三个一体化”,有一定的启示和借鉴作用。     

Spacelab Life Sciences flight experiments: an integrated approach to the study of cardiovascular deconditioning and orthostatic hypotension

The microgravity environment of spaceflight produces rapid cardiovascular changes which are adaptive and appropriate in that setting, but are associated with significant deconditioning and orthostatic hypotension on return to Earth's gravity. The rapidity with which these space flight induced changes appear and disappear provides an ideal model for studying the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of deconditioning and orthostatic hypotension, regardless of etiology. Since significant deconditioning is seen after flights of very short duration, muscle atrophy due to inactivity plays, at most, a small role. These changes in circulatory control associated with cephalad fluid shifts, rather than inactivity per se, are probably more important factors. In order to test this hypothesis in a systematic way, a multidisciplinary approach which defines and integrates inputs and responses from a wide variety of circulatory sub-systems is required. The cardiovascular experiments selected for Spacelab Life Sciences flights 1 and 2 provide such an approach. Both human and animal models will be utilized. Pre- and post-flight characterization of the payload crew includes determination of maximal exercise capacity (bicycle ergometry), orthostatic tolerance (lower body negative pressure), alpha and beta adrenergic sensitivity (isoproterenol and phenylephrine infusions), baroreflex sensitivity (ECG-gated, stepwise changes in carotid artery transmural pressure with a pneumatic neck collar), and responses to a 24 h period of 5 deg head-down tilt. Measurements of cardiac output (CO2 and C2H2 rebreathing), cardiac chamber dimensions (phased-array 2-dimensional echocardiography), direct central venous pressure, leg volume (Thornton sock), limb blood flow and venous compliance (occlusion plethysmography), blood and plasma volumes, renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rates, and various hormonal levels including catecholamines and atrial natriuretic factor will also be obtained. The central venous catheter will be inserted immediately pre-launch and monitored with heart rate and blood pressure in-flight until cardiac output, respiratory gas exchange and quantitative 2D echocardiography measurements can be performed. In-flight hemodynamic measurements will be repeated at rest and during submaximal exercise daily and also during maximal exercise midway through the flight to document the timecourse and extent of cardiovascular changes in the payload crew. Parallel studies are planned for the animals. In addition to measurements of right atrial and aortic pressures and cardiac output, a dorsal micro-circulatory chamber will allow determinations of changes in capillary and venular architecture and function in six of the rats. The techniques and findings from many of the SLS-1 and 2 supporting studies have already yielded significant information about circulatory regulation in patients with both hypo- and hypertension. The flight experiments themselves will provide new data to test the validity of both animal and human models currently used for simulating the fluid shifts of a micro-gravity environment. The development of effective countermeasures, not only for short and long duration space travellers, but also for Earth-bound medical patients can then be physiologically based on experimental data rather than anecdote.     

载人飞船交会对接及组合体模式下的数据管理

根据有人参与的交会对接任务,其飞行器间通信、遥测模式多变和手控参与多的数据管理特点,文章从两飞行器间的总线通信与并网管理、遥测管理、手控支持等方面,提出了在自主交会对接过程中和组合体状态下的数据管理解决途径,经过成功执行我国首次交会对接飞行任务,验证其合理可行,可靠性和安全性高,可满足交会对接数据管理需求。     

军用飞机机载设备振动试验要求和有关问题的讨论(一):GJB 150.16/16A军用喷气式飞机和螺旋桨式飞机机载设备和外挂的振动试验要求及对比分析

文章分为3部分:第1部分简单介绍振动类型、振动引起的失效模式和应用,特别是列表详细介绍了GJB 150.16和GJB 150.16A中规定或推荐的军用喷气式飞机和螺旋桨飞机设备及其外挂与外挂上的设备的振动试验要求、特点和两标准相关内容的对比分析;第2部分则详细介绍了两标准中规定或推荐的军用直升机和各类飞机发动机设备的振动试验要求、特点以及相关内容的对比分析;第3部分介绍和分析了航空装备研制生产中这2个标准的应用情况和遇到的问题,并就一些重大问题进行了分析概括并提出了一些看法和建议。此为第1部分。     

宇航元器件应用验证系统工程研究

在调研国内外宇航元器件应用验证研究及工程实践的基础上,总结了我国宇航元器件应用验证的目标和特点,即以解决元器件宇航应用可用度评价并促进成熟应用为目标,具有多阶段、多领域、多目标、多任务和多参与方等特点。分析了应用验证的复杂性、层次性、整体性、环境适应性等复杂系统特性;在论证系统工程理论和方法指导宇航元器件应用验证研究适用性的基础上,建立了系统工程视角下的我国宇航元器件应用验证技术框架体系,凝练出一套集成的应用验证成果体系。应用验证工程实践表明,应用验证研究成果具备有效性和科学性,但仍需不断丰富和完善。     

FY-4 Meteorological Satellite

FY-4 is the second generation of Chinese geostationary satellite for quantitative remote sensing meteorological application. The detection efficiency, spectral bands, spatial and time resolution have been greatly improved with respect to those of first generation, as well as the radiometric calibration and sensitivity. The combination of multichannel detection and vertical sounding was first realized on FY-4, because both the Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager(AGRI) and Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS) are on the same spacecraft. The main performance of the payloads including AGRI, GIIRS and Lightning Mapping Imager, and the spacecraft bus are presented, the performance being equivalent to the level of the third generation meteorological satellites in Europe and USA. The acquiring methods of remote sensing data including multichannel and high precision quantitative observing, imaging collection of the ground and cloud, vertical observation of atmospheric temperature and moisture, lightning imaging observation and space environment detection are shown. Several innovative technologies including high accuracy rotation angle detection and scanning control, high precision calibration, micro vibration suppression, unified reference of platform and payload and on-orbit measurement, real-time image navigation and registration on-orbit were applied in FY-4.