一种伞状天线反射器型面热变形测量及分析模型在轨预示

文章详细介绍了在真空高低温环境下一种伞状可展开天线的型面测量过程。首先依据天线在轨热分析结果定义典型温度工况,然后采用红外加热笼与天线自身主动热控相结合的方法实现天线各部件不同温度的控温要求,并采用摄影测量方法测量典型极端工况下的天线反射器型面热变形。结果表明,测量值与试验前热变形预示结果一致性较好,证明天线热变形分析模型有较高精度。依据在轨热分析温度场计算天线在轨热变形,得到天线在最大温度梯度工况下的型面变化(RMS)最大为0.19 mm。     

考虑光压力和热载荷的太阳帆薄膜力学行为分析

基于冯卡门板理论描述薄膜结构大变形,耦合光压力与热载荷,构建10μm量级薄膜非线性动力学主控方程。采用伽辽金离散方法和龙格-库塔推进方法数值求解方程时域解,并引入最大李雅普诺夫指数判别薄膜混沌运动。分析表明,法向光压力远大于切向光压力并抑制薄膜动力学颤振,仅计入光压力时,太阳帆膜呈静变形特征。当计入的光辐射热载荷达到临界值后,考虑切向光压力与法向光压力的薄膜都呈现动力学混沌运动。综上,光压力抑制太阳帆薄膜颤振,热载荷导致薄膜进入混沌运动。     

基于石墨烯强化传热的微小飞行器热控设计

文章针对微小飞行器电子设备高度集成化带来的热控风险，以某微小飞行器为研究对象，在分析其轨道参数和结构性能的基础上，提出采取不同厚度的石墨烯导热层等温强化传热的热控设计方案；通过热分析软件建立飞行器在轨状态的热模型，仿真计算飞行器在高温和低温工况下的外热流及不同厚度的石墨烯导热层方案下的瞬态温度分布，并对结果进行对比分析。结果表明，采取石墨烯导热层等温强化传热的热控方案可明显降低微小飞行器内部单机的温差，解决高低温工况下单机温度波动较大的问题。同时，通过实验方法验证了利用石墨烯导热层实现微小飞行器等温化的可行性。     

条带式太阳帆航天器的热致结构动力学响应

本文研究条带式太阳帆在近地轨道运行进出地球阴影时的热致结构动力学响应，建立了在太阳热辐射和光压共同作用下的太阳帆结构动力学方程，采用分布传递函数法，给出了条带式太阳帆热致结构稳态振动幅频响应的计算方法。算例结果表明：热辐射冲击是引起近地轨道太阳帆结构动力学响应的主要原因，光压引起的结构响应可忽略不计；增加桅杆壁厚不能有效抑制太阳帆的热致结构动态响应；增大阻尼，减小结构的热膨胀系数能够明显减小太阳帆热致结构响应的振幅；热致结构动态响应是设计大尺寸近地轨道太阳帆必须解决的问题。本文提出的方法可为太阳帆结构设计、姿态和轨道控制提供有力的分析工具。     

一种基于遥测温度的航天器在轨故障分析方法

分析设备在轨温度异常变化的3个原因：遥测数据错误、设备周边热边界异常变化和设备内部热状态异常变化,提出用故障树来确定温度异常变化原因的分析方法,并进行实例分析。以某卫星寿命末期蓄电池故障时的遥测温度数据为基础,通过热分析模型进行了多工况的模拟,排除了遥测温度异常、卫星姿态异常、主动控温异常等因素,得出故障是由于电池内部热耗异常增加的结论。     

平面薄膜天线张拉系统优化设计及天线结构模态分析

设计航天器平面薄膜天线双重索网张拉系统的构型,并以可伸展支撑杆承受轴力最小、薄膜阵面有效面积比最大、端杆长度最小为优化目标,对张拉系统进行多目标优化。优化后可伸展支撑杆所受轴力减小了15.51%,薄膜阵面有效面积比提高了1.25%,端杆长度减小了0.30%。利用ABAQUS软件对索膜结构、支撑框架以及天线整体的模态分别进行仿真分析,将天线结构等效模型基频的解析解与仿真结果进行比对,二者相互印证。最后通过仿真分析,得出薄膜内拉应力、可伸展支撑杆壁厚、可伸展支撑杆铺层角度和端杆壁厚对天线整体基频的影响规律。     

均苯型聚酰亚胺薄膜在质子辐照下的力学性能退化试验研究

聚酰亚胺薄膜广泛应用于航天器热控结构和太阳帆等充气展开结构中,由于暴露在航天器表面,受到各种空间环境效应的影响,其力学性能会发生退化。文章对不同通量、注量和温度条件下质子辐照对均苯型聚酰亚胺薄膜力学性能的影响进行了模拟试验研究。研究发现,当质子通量较低时,质子通量的增加对薄膜力学性能的影响微弱;当质子通量持续增加,薄膜的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率呈近似线性下降;当质子注量增加到一定程度后,薄膜的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率下降速率变缓;薄膜在低温辐照下比在高温辐照下更容易发生脆性断裂。     

太阳帆：太空中的绿色动力——访国际宇航科学院院士朱毅麟

问：什么是太阳帆？ 答：所谓太阳帆,就是一个在太空展开的面积很大、表面平整、光滑、无斑点和皱纹的薄膜,薄膜一般由聚酯或聚酰亚胺等高分子材料制成。表面镀铝或银,使其具有全反射的特性。     

航天器蜂窝夹层板对称热变形分析及试验验证

分析了太阳同步轨道遥感卫星某遥感仪器安装板在平面温度场下的热变形特点,考虑蜂窝芯子横向胀缩,建立了对称热变形问题理论模型,给出控制方程和级数解。同时设计了热变形试验,采用数字近景摄影测量光轴指向变化。理论分析结果与试验结果一致性较好,表明可采用该模型对蜂窝板在轨热变形进行预示。典型高低温工况下蜂窝夹层板对称热变形造成安装其上的相机光轴指向变化在20″左右,选用相对稀疏、较矮的蜂窝芯子,可降低热变形的影响。     

太阳帆结构分析

太阳帆是人类向太空发射的一种宇宙探测器。本文推导建立了太阳帆结构分析的理论方程组；利用数值计算方法进行了全结构分析；采用罚函数法，确定了满足各种技术条件下的转速及辐条长度之间的可用范围；同时，在引入某些假设的前提下，得出了方程组的近似理论解。它们为太阳帆强度分析、结构形状保持能力提供了论理基础，也为太阳帆的设计提供了依据。本文最后提供了某实际发射的太阳帆结构的分析结果。本文的分析手段可作为大型柔性结构分析的参考     

电动帆轨迹优化及其性能分析

电动帆是一种新兴的无推进剂损耗的推进方式,利用太阳风的动能冲力飞行。电动帆由数百根长而细的金属链所组成,这些金属链通过空间飞行器自旋展开,太阳能电子枪向外喷射电子,使金属链始终保持在高度的正电位,这些带电的金属链会排斥太阳风质子,利用太阳风的动能冲力推动空间飞行器驶向目标方向。针对电动帆轨迹优化问题,提出采用Gauss伪谱法进行轨迹优化,克服了间接法对协态变量初值敏感的缺点。考虑在太阳风暴等原因造成特征加速度改变的情况,基于Gauss伪谱法实现电动帆在线轨迹重新规划,提高电动帆对太阳风不确定性的适应能力。最后以太阳系外探测任务为例,对电动帆和太阳帆的性能进行对比,仿真结果表明电动帆在星际远航任务中所用时间较短。     

Calculation of resultant vector and principal moment of light pressure forces acting upon the spacecraft with a solar sail

Two methods of calculating the resultant vector and principal moment of light pressure forces, having an effect on a spacecraft with a composite solar sail, are compared. The first method is based on analytical formulas obtained without regard to shading of some parts of the sail by others. The second method uses a detailed geometrical model of the sail, which allows one to take such shading into account. Some part of photons falling on a sail is supposed to be reflected from it in a mirror manner, while the others are completely absorbed. The range of variation of sail orientation parameters with respect to incident solar light streams, where the first method turns out to be accurate enough, is found.     

Sensitivity studies of the deployment of a square inflatable solar sail with vanes

This paper summarizes the results of numerical experiments to determine the sensitivity of the final attitude of an inflatable solar sail with vanes after deployment to various parameters affecting the deployment process. These parameters are: in- and out-of-plane asymmetries during deployment, length inflation profile, and vane deployment failures. We show how robust the sail deployment is to geometric asymmetries before a 35° off-Sun angle is reached. Differential delays in the time to inflate the booms and a boom sweep-back angle affect the stability favorably. Adjacent vane failures to deploy affect the stability unfavorably, while the failure of opposing vanes is acceptable. Realistic boom length rate profiles obtained during ground tests are used in the simulation showing that failing adjacent vanes in conjunction with initial inflation delays in adjacent booms represent the worst case. We also demonstrate that by feeding back attitude and attitude rate measurements so that a corrective action is taken during the deployment, the final attitude can be maintained very close to the initial attitude, thus mitigating the attitude changes incurred during deployment.     

太阳电池板热真空试验降温过程分析

为了得到太阳电池板在热真空试验降温时的正、背面温差和温度变化规律,文章建立了太阳电池板的热物理模型,根据太阳电池板厚度、背面发射率、纵向当量导热系数、高温平衡时的正面温度以及热沉温度,推算出电池板在高温平衡时的背面温度,进而得出电池板的正、背面温差;采用集总参数法进行分析,得出电池板降温时的降温时间表达式及电池板温度与时间的关系式;经过理论计算与试验数据的对照分析表明,降温时间理论表达式可以近似作为电池板降温时间的预测依据。研究结果可以为电池板热真空试验的热分析、电池板降温过程预测以及低温控制提供参考。     

空间在轨环境下的30 cm离子推力器三栅极组件间距变化仿真分析

采用有限元仿真(FEM)与地面热平衡试验验证相结合的方法，计算并模拟了30 cm离子推力器处于在轨环境时，有、无主动热控对三栅极相对位移变化造成的影响，并对目前离子推力器设置的工作启动流程可能造成的打火风险进行了预估。结果显示：三栅极组件的热形变方向均为法向方向，且栅极中心区域的间距最小；在 -269 ℃ 在轨极限环境温度下，推力器在5 kW工作模式下温度平衡后的屏栅与加速栅最大热态间距为0.14 mm，加速栅和减速栅则已发生贴合；在受太阳辐照以及卫星帆板恒温边界的影响下，栅面最低初始温度为-102 ℃；当推力器主动热控保证温控点为20 ℃时，栅面最低启动温度为-25 ℃，且推力器工作8000 s后，屏栅与加速栅、加速栅与减速栅的最小间距分别稳定在0.25 mm和0.20 mm；当推力器主动热控保证温控点为50 ℃时，推力器工作9000 s后，屏栅与加速栅、加速栅和减速栅最小间距分别稳定在0.31 mm和0.30 mm，能够满足0.25 mm的栅极安全打火间距要求。     

柔性印制膜在太阳电池阵的应用及热适应性试验研究

针对微小卫星太阳电池阵高体积比的功率需求,设计了带柔性印制电路（FPC）的太阳电池阵。该太阳电池阵将太阳电池、FPC与基板集成为一体,具有厚度薄、质量小等优点。通过热循环试验对其环境适应性进行考核,X射线检测结果表明,太阳电池阵上锡焊焊盘与覆铜层连接部位受热应力的影响较大,在长期高低温循环条件下存在锡焊焊盘与覆铜层断裂的风险。为此,给出提升太阳电池阵上FPC抗热形变能力的设计建议,以期为后续太阳电池阵设计提供参考。     

Station keeping of a solar sail around a Halo orbit

Solar sails are a concept of spacecraft propulsion that takes advantage of solar radiation pressure to propel a spacecraft. Although the thrust provided by a solar sail is small it is constant and unlimited. This offers the chance to deal with novel mission concept. In this work we want to discuss the controllability of a spacecraft around a Halo orbit by means of a solar sail. We will describe the natural dynamics for a solar sail around a Halo orbit. By natural dynamics we mean the behaviour of the trajectory of a solar sail when no control on the sail orientation is applied. We will then discuss how a sequence of changes on the sail orientation will affects the sail's trajectory, and we will use this information to derive efficient station keeping strategies. Finally we will check the robustness of these strategies including different sources of errors in our simulations.     

Ultralight deployable booms for solar sails and other large gossamer structures in space

Future solar sail spacecraft which do not need any rocket motors and propellants are a promising option for long-term exploration missions in the solar system. However, they will require ultralight reflective foils and deployable booms which will allow for the unfolding of huge sails. The achievement of an acceptable ratio of reflective sail area and structural mass, which results in a still small, but significant acceleration under the photon pressure of sunlight, is extremely challenging. The same challenging deployment technique is required for the unfolding of large reflector membranes or antennas (gossamer structures). The key elements are the booms which must be stowable in a very small envelope before they reach their destination in space. Such booms were developed by DLR and have been successfully tested under zero-g-conditions during a parabolic flight campaign in February 2009. It could be convincingly demonstrated that the unfolding process is both controllable and reproducible. The booms consisted of two co-bonded omega-shaped carbonfiber half shells with 0.1 mm wall thickness each and had a weight of only 62 g per meter. Two different deployment technologies were tested, one based upon an inflatable 12 μm thick polymer hose inside the boom, the other one using an electromechanical uncoiling device at the tip of each boom. In the latter case, the uncoiling devices will radially fly away from the spacecraft, such that they become “expendable deployment mechanisms” and their mass does not count any more for the spacecraft mass that needs to be accelerated or actively controlled.