等离子喷涂压电陶瓷涂层的基础研究

介绍了用等离子喷涂技术制备压电陶瓷涂层的工艺过程;用扫描电镜和Ｘ射线衍射仪分析了涂层的显微结构和相结构,测试了该涂层的压电应变常数;探讨了电弧电流对涂层成分、结构和电性能的影响。     

压电驱动器应用中的模型分析

随着压电材料的快速发展,压电驱动器在结构控制领域的使用也日益广泛。压电驱动器应用时要通过胶粘剂与主体结构固结,达到传递应变,实现控制结构变形的目的。本文对于这个工程问题的理论分析模型——均匀应变模型做了进一步分析讨论,并进行了数值仿真计算,得到了胶粘剂性质变化对驱动效果的影响情况。对结构端部的层间剪切应力的仿真模拟表明,在压电驱动器粘贴的主体结构的边缘处要加强胶粘剂的剪切强度,以防止边界脱层的发生。     

计算机压电测压系统在弹道压力测量中的应用

介绍了计算机压电测压系统的组成、压电测压传感器的工作原理以及压电测压系统等效电路和标定     

含脱胶压电传感器/驱动器的智能结构的有限元分析

将压电传感器、驱动器粘贴在复合材料结构的表面可实现结构的振动主动控制 ,但若传感器、驱动器部分脱开会对结构的静、动态特性产生显著影响。建立了一个新的加强假定应变压电固体单元 ,用于压电自适应层合结构振动主动控制的模拟仿真。与现有的压电固体单元相比 ,所建单元性能更优越 ,精度和计算效率更高 ,并能用于壳体结构的分析。采用相同坐标值但不同的节点号的方法模拟脱层 ,利用该单元分析了传感器、驱动器脱开对结构动力学特性的影响。     

应变反馈式压电陶瓷微位移驱动器的研制

介绍了采用应变片测量压电陶瓷微位移驱动器位移的原理和设计思想，介绍了实验装置的结构，给出了实验结果，证明将应变片直接粘贴在压电陶瓷基体表面测量其位移的方法是可行性的；通过对压电陶瓷滞回特性的测定，提出了建立压电陶瓷的控制模型的基本思路。     

利用压电驱动器改善飞机横滚性能的试验验证

利用分布粘帖在矩形机翼上下两面的压电驱动器,探索使用该类结构提高飞行器横滚能力的可能性。通过风洞模型设计、材料性能测试、模型固有特性测试、压电柔度矩阵测试等试验项目,保证了有限元模型的计算精度,最终通过模型的风洞试验验证了利用气动弹性效应,获得了附加升力与横滚力矩的方案。该原理性试验说明利用分布式压电驱动器改善横滚性能是可行的。     

提高压电式直线电机推力新技术

介绍了蠕动式、脉冲式、行波式及表面波式等几种压电直线电机的改进措施和进展情况，其中微脊式蠕动直线电机和表面波直线电机极有可能成为今后压电直线电机的商品化市场的新产品方向。     

压电降噪的多物理场建模分析方法

针对板状结构，根据模态分析结果，确定压电片的布局；基于压电效应，进行压电降噪仿真计算；分析结果与实验结果一致性较好，验证了分析方法的正确性。该分析方法可供航空壁板结构压电降噪参考。     

微细电火花加工微驱动机构设计

分析了柔性铰链及压电陶瓷的原理和特点,指出了压电陶瓷-柔性铰链机构在微进给中具有高响应频率、高精度和无间隙等优点,满足微细电火花加工的要求。并将压电陶瓷与整体式柔性铰链相结合,设计出一种压电驱动蠕动式微进给机构。     

压电叠堆在正弦电压激励下振动位移特性的研究

利用激光干涉仪对空载压电叠堆在正弦电压激励下的振动位移进行了测量,通过它的幅频曲线,初步研究了压电叠堆的振动位移特性及其影响因素.     

压电致动器扑翼结构动力学仿真

采用传统扑动机构的微型扑翼,气动效率低、扑动能耗大。采用压电致动器的微型扑翼通过压电材料进行致动使机翼产生上下扑动,有效地将扑动机构和机翼两个主要系统进行集成,不仅节省重量,同时它具有任务变形自适应能力强、气动效率高和扑动能耗小的特点。通过PCL语言建立采用压电致动器的扑翼有限元模型,结合同尺寸扑翼气动力试验数据,进行采用压电致动器扑翼结构仿真。利用仿真结果研制采用压电致动器扑翼原理样机,研究表明,采用压电致动器后扑翼扑动频率得到明显提高,压电片可有效控制机翼的弯扭变形,有助于提高扑翼的气动效率。     

锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷主动元件在航天自适应桁架结构中的应用

阐明了PZT压电材料的正、逆压电效应以及相应的压电作动器的机电耦合原理。针对航天自适应桁架结构的特点，运用PZT压电作动器进行了振动抑制实验并取得了良好的效果。     

压电陶瓷电疲劳研究进展

电疲劳是压电陶瓷材料应用于各类驱动器的主要障碍,也是目前国内外研究的热点。本文从电疲劳现象、电疲劳机理、影响因素等三个方面简要综述了近年来在压电陶瓷电疲劳研究方面的进展。     

Multi-layered plate finite element models with node-dependent kinematics for smart structures with piezoelectric components

This article presents a type of plate Finite Element (FE) models with adaptive mathematical refinement capabilities for modeling laminated smart structures with piezoelectric layers or distributed patches. The p-version shape functions are used in combination with the higher-order Layer-Wise (LW) kinematics adopting hierarchical Legendre polynomials. Node-Dependent Kinematics (NDK) is employed to implement local LW models in the regions with piezoelectric components and simulate the global substrate structure with the Equivalent Single-Layer (ESL) approach. Through the proposed NDK FE models, the electro-mechanical behavior of smart structures can be predicted with high fidelity and numerical efficiency, and various patch configurations can be conveniently modeled through one set of mesh grids. Moreover, the effectiveness and efficiency of the NDK FE approach are assessed through numerical examples and its application is demonstrated.     

新型压电激励器作用力模拟技术研究

研究轻型结构、直升机旋翼结构和复合材料结构等的颤振飞行试验激励问题具有重要意义。提出以弯矩模拟压电粗纤维复合材料(MFC)激励器的作用力,从而解决MFC仿真建模问题。首先借助机翼有限元模型,建立带有压电激励器的机翼结构动力学仿真模型;然后以压电激励器地面激励试验结果为基础,通过修正仿真模型中压电作用弯矩的大小,实现仿真试验结果与地面试验结果的拟合,最终得出非线性压电激励器作用力;最后通过另一组地面试验数据验证了该作用力的大小,并将该作用力模拟技术应用于不同试验中。本文的研究结果可为后续以该激励器作为激励作动器或控制作动器的试验提供有益参考。     

Nonlinear modal electromechanical coupling factor for piezoelectric structures containing nonlinearities

Within the linear framework, the Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (MEMCF) is an important indicator to quantify the dynamic conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy of piezoelectric structures. It is also an important tool to guide the piezoelectric damping design of linear structures. Advanced aircraft often fly in maneuvers, and the variable working conditions induce drastic changes in the load level on structures. Geometric and contact nonlinearities of thin-walled structures and joint structures are often activated. To achieve a good vibration reduction effect covering all working conditions, one cannot directly use linear electromechanical coupling theory to instruct the piezoelectric damping design for nonlinear structures. Therefore, this paper defines the Nonlinear Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (NMEMCF) and proposes the corresponding numerical method for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the electromechanical coupling capability of nonlinear piezoelectric structures. Three candidate definitions of the NMEMCF are given, including two frequency definitions and one energy definition. The energy definition is the most promising one. It is not only applicable to both conservative and dissipative nonlinear structures but also compatible with the linear MEMCF. In addition, based on the energy formula, the NMEMCF can be obtained by only performing one nonlinear modal analysis in the open-circuit state. The analytical findings and the numerical tool are validated against two piezoelectric structures with different types of nonlinearities. A strong correlation among the NMEMCF, geometric parameters, and energy dissipation is observed. The results confirm that the proposed NMEMCF captures the physics of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon associated with nonlinear piezoelectric structures and can be used as an essential design indicator of piezoelectric damping, especially for variable working conditions.     

基于拓扑优化的叶盘压电阻尼器性能研究

针对压电分支阻尼技术在航空发动机叶盘结构振动抑制问题中的应用,提出了一种拓扑优化方法,可给出限定用量的压电材料在轮盘上的最佳位置,以提升压电分支阻尼的上限。在轮盘上布置压电材料还可防止对叶片通道内流场的影响,避免降低流体效率。首先,论述了该拓扑优化方法的原理,推导了模态机电耦合系数这一核心参数的计算公式及其与最佳阻尼比、模态应变场的关系。其次,建立了基于模态应变场的压电材料分布拓扑优化方法,可用于任意有限元模型。最后,将该优化方法应用于一个航空发动机压气机叶盘结构模型,分别针对单一和多阶模态进行了压电材料在轮盘上分布的拓扑优化,研究这种铺设方式对各典型模态(轮盘主导、叶片主导、耦合振动)的振动抑制效果。结果表明,在仅采用占轮盘质量5%的压电材料的情况下,优化后的压电阻尼器最多可以为轮盘振动主导模态及叶片-轮盘耦合振动模态提供约13%的模态阻尼比,为叶片主导模态提供的模态阻尼比集中在2%～4%。     

Enhanced wave and finite element method for wave propagation and forced response prediction in periodic piezoelectric structures

As a promising numerical tool of structural dynamics in mid-and high frequencies, the wave and finite element method (WFEM) is receiving increasingly attention and applications. In this paper, an enhanced WFEM has been developed with a reduced model and a new eigenvalue scheme. The reduced model is applicable for structures with piezoelectric shunts or local dampers;the new eigenvalue scheme can mitigate the ill-conditioning when the wave basis is calculated. The enhanced WFEM is applied to a thin-wall structure with periodically distributed piezoelectric mate-rials (PZT). Both free wave characteristics and forced response are analyzed and the influences of the suggested enhancements are presented. It is shown that if the control factors are properly cho-sen, these enhancements can improve the accuracy while accelerating the calculation. Resulting from the complexity of the application, these enhancements are not optional but imperative.     

Hysteresis and the nonlinear equivalent piezoelectric coeffcient of MFCs for actuation

The hysteretic behavior and nonlinearity of the equivalent material coefficient of macro fiber composites (MFC) under staircase input conditions are investigated using the Preisach model. Based on a database of first order reversal curves, formulas are derived to predict the hysteresis of strain output and nonlinearity of the equivalent piezoelectric coefficient of MFCs. Formulae are verified by comparing the predicted strains with the measured strains of three MFC specimens, which are driven by a random sequence of staircase voltage inputs. The coefficients obtained by the formulae and experimentation coincide. Further results indicate that the equivalent piezoelectric strain coefficient depends greatly on the value of drive voltage across the entire input range, and the coefficient is asymmetric across the negative and positive input ranges. Deflection testing of an MFC composite cantilever demonstrates the importance of taking the nonlinearity of the equivalent piezoelectric coefficient into consideration in the application of actuation.     

压电陶瓷在发动机推力测量中的应用研究

在发动机推力测量系统的原位校准中,运用了压电陶瓷驱动装置准确快速控制力值的方法,研制了原位校准自动化装置。该装置借助微机和自动控制技术,通过控制作用于压电陶瓷驱动装置上的电场强度改变其输出位移,达到精确控制力值的目的,实现原位校准自动化。试验结果表明,该装置可实现手动、半自动和全自动三种控制方式进行原位校准,加值准确度高,适用于所有喷气动力发动机的推力测量。