激光点焊工艺参数对止推箔片轴承接头组织与性能的影响

止推箔片轴承是航空陀螺仪中的重要支撑元件,为了提高支承面的耐磨性及耐腐蚀性,通常会在支承面涂覆特氟龙涂层,该涂层的添加给后续的制造工艺带来不确定性。研究激光点焊工艺参数对止推箔片轴承接头组织与性能的影响,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子精密拉伸仪、超声检测等分析方法,对焊缝表面成形、接头显微组织及力学性能进行分析。结果表明:焊点表面直径随脉冲功率的增加而增大,而抗拉剪力随热输入量的增加先增大后减小;激光点焊制造的优化工艺参数为脉冲功率百分比22%、脉冲宽度5.0ms,抗拉剪力达最大值63.0N;超声波浸液检测能够精确测定搭接界面的尺寸,但抗拉剪力与界面尺寸不完全成正比关系,接头的抗拉剪力主要与接头的断裂机制有关。     

激光毛化对Cf/SiC与TC4钎焊接头组织及性能的影响

由于线胀系数差异大,Cf/Si C复合材料与TC4钛合金钎焊接头容易形成较大的内应力而开裂失效。为了进一步提高接头强度,应用激光毛化工艺在Cf/Si C表面烧蚀出微孔,采用银基钎料对Cf/Si C与TC4进行钎焊。焊后对接头力学性能进行测试,对接头界面及断口显微组织进行观察。结果表明:焊前对Cf/Si C表面进行激光毛化处理,钎料能够填充微孔并形成良好的钎焊界面,能够提高Cf/Si C与TC4钎焊接头的剪切强度。     

Brazing diamond grits onto AA7075 aluminium alloy substrate with Ag–Cu–Ti filler alloy by laser heating

The brazing of diamond is a promising way to fabricate grinding wheels for efficient machining and precision grinding. This work investigated the feasibility of bonding diamond grits onto Aluminium Alloy 7075 (AA7075) substrate with a Ag–Cu–Ti filler alloy via laser fusion brazing. The interfacial microstructures and the strength of the brazed diamond joints were studied. The cross-section of the brazed diamond joint consists of a molten filler alloy layer, a molten pool, a heat effect zone, a columnar crystal zone and an equiaxed crystal zone. Within the interface of the filler alloy/substrate metal, microstructures observed possibly were Ag(s.s), Al(s.s), TixAl, Al2Cu and Mg intermetallic compounds. A layer of TiC with a thickness of about 30–50 nm was found at the bonding interface of the diamond/filler alloy. The averaged peak shear force of the brazed joints was found to be approximately 39.8 N. The abrasion grinding test indicated that the diamond/AA7075 brazed joint was adequate for grinding. However, the pulled-off of grit was found to be the primary failure of this type of brazed joint. This work broadened the brazing diamond technique and the range of applications of brazed diamond wheels for efficient grinding.     

Feasibility study of thermo-compensated resistance brazing welding of C/C composites and T2 copper with AgCuTi filler metal

The dissimilar materials joining of C/C composites to T2 copper were performed successfully by thermo-compensated Resistance Brazing Welding (RBW) with AgCuTi filler powder. The interfacial microstructure, phase composition, and shear strength of the resistance brazed joints were investigated by the relevant analysis method. Experiment results indicated that the order affecting the shear strength of the C/C-Cu joint was welding current, welding pressure, and welding time in turn. The shear strength of backward thermo-compensated RBW was higher than that of forward thermo-compensated RBW due to the Peltier effect. The maximum shear strength of the C/C-Cu joint was 11.56 MPa in the optimized welding parameter with welding current of 8.0 kA, welding time of 60 ms, and welding pressure of 0.10 MPa by backward thermo-compensated RBW. The interface structure at the resistance brazed joint with this welding parameter was C/C composites/TiC/Cu (s.s)/T2 copper. The TiC phase was verified at the interface of the brazed joint by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Considerable fractures occurred in the C/C composites and partial fracture occurred at the interfacial reaction layer.     

Microstructural formation and mechanical performance of friction stir double-riveting welded Al-Cu joints

A novel friction stir double-riveting welding (FSDRW) technology was proposed in order to realize the high-quality joining of upper aluminum (Al) and lower copper (Cu) plates, and this technology employed a Cu column as a rivet and a specially designed welding tool with a large concave-angle shoulder. The formations, interfacial characteristics, mechanical properties and fracture features of Al/Cu FSDRW joints under different rotational velocities and dwell times were investigated. The results showed that the well-formed FSDRW joint was successfully obtained. The cylindrical Cu column was transformed into a double riveting heads structure with a Cu anchor at the top and an Al anchor at the bottom, thereby providing an excellent mechanical interlocking. The defect-free Cu/Cu interface was formed at the lap interface due to the sufficient metallurgical bonding between the Cu column and the Cu plate, thereby effectively inhibiting the propagation of crack from the intermetallic compound layer at the lap interface between the Al and Cu plates. The tensile shear load of joint was increased first and then decreased when the rotational velocity and dwell time of welding tool increased, and the maximum value was 5.52 kN. The FSDRW joint presented a mixed mode of ductile and brittle fractures.     

激光喷丸强化TC6钛合金的振动疲劳寿命及断口形貌分析

为了研究TC6钛合金激光喷丸强化(Laser Shocking Peening,LSP)处理后对振动疲劳寿命的影响,采用不同喷丸次数的方法对TC6钛合金进行LSP处理,采用振动疲劳测试系统对振动试样进行振动疲劳测试,用X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计测试LSP前后试样的残余应力和硬度,研究LSP对TC6钛合金振动疲劳性能的影响...     

TC4激光选区熔化/同轴送粉成形连接的力学性能研究

对TC4选区熔化/同轴送粉成形连接件的拉伸性能和疲劳性能进行研究。通过对比不同线能量密度参数下拉伸试验数据,得到线能量密度对TC4成形连接件拉伸性能的影响规律。通过对比相同应力水平下成形连接件与母材的中值疲劳寿命和疲劳极限,获得成形连接件相对母材疲劳特性的衰减程度。采用当量Kt法对成形连接件的疲劳性能进行表征,得到成形连接件的当量应力集中系数Kte。通过对比TC4成形连接件与TA154种焊接工艺的(Kte)50,发现较焊接工艺成形连接工艺,具有更优的疲劳特性。     

Effect of adding Nb foil on joint properties of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy

It is difficult to gain effective Ti-Al fusion welding joints due to their differences in thermal properties and the appearance of brittle Ti-Al Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs). The experiments of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy were carried out, temperature field and ductility/brittleness, as well as chemical potential of elements, were calculated, and the effect of adding Nb foil on mechanical properties of the weld was also investigated. The results suggested that Nb atoms tend to diffuse toward Al side, which is conducive to the participation of Nb in the metallurgical reaction and contributes to forming the Ti-Nb-Al IMC layer at the interface. As the thickness of Nb foil increases, the tensile-shear force of joint climbs first but then declines, and reaches the highest value of 1663 N with 0.10 mm-thickness Nb foil, representing 58.38% enhancement compared with the non-added one. Adding Nb foil slows down the heat transfer as a blocker, and thus both the melting amount of Al and the mixing area of Ti and Al decrease. In addition, Nb alloying reduces the brittleness of the Ti-Al compound. Hence, the joint properties of titanium/aluminum are improved with the addition of Nb foil.     

Brazing of C/C composite and Ti-6Al-4V with graphene strengthened AgCuTi filler: Effects of graphene on wettability,microstructure and mechanical properties

Graphene nanosheets(GNSs) strengthened AgCuTi composite filler(AgCuTi_G) was used to braze C/C composite and Ti-6Al-4V. The effects of GNSs on the wettability of AgCuTi_G filler on the C/C composite surface and the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of brazed joints were investigated. The results indicate that the addition of GNSs reduced the wettability of AgCuTi_G. The interfacial microstructure of brazed joints evolved with the addition of GNSs, where Ti_3Cu_4 and TiCu_4 were converted to TiCu and the thickness of the reaction layer adjacent to the base material decreased. The maximum shear strength of joints brazed at 0.3 wt% GNSs was 23.3 MPa(880℃/10 min). Further adding GNSs deteriorated the shear strength of the joints. Fracture of the joints occurred in the C/C composite substrate and the TiC layer adjacent to C/C composite.     

CO_2激光焊接TC4熔池红外光辐射信号与焊接参数的关系

利用CCD摄像机以及红外光辐射信号监测系统系统地研究了钛合金TC4激光焊接过程中红外光辐射信号的特征以及焊接线能量与熔池红外光辐射信号熔池面积的关系。研究表明,(1)对应整条焊缝,红外光辐射信号可明显分为3个阶段,分别对应焊接起始阶段、准稳态阶段及焊接收弧阶段(;2)当线能量增加(功率不变焊接速度降低)时,熔池面积变大,红外光辐射信号相对强度随之增强;(3)熔池面积与红外光辐射信号相对强度之间存在相同的变化规律,因此利用红外光辐射信号可以相当准确地监测焊接过程的熔池面积变化,进而监测焊接过程的稳定性。     

工艺参数对钛合金激光T型接头焊缝成形及剪切力的影响

文摘采用连续激光焊工艺焊接TC4/TA15激光T型接头,运用体式显微镜及拉伸试验机对接头进行测试分析,研究工艺参数对激光T型接头焊缝成形及剪切性能的影响。结果表明:在其他参数保持不变的情况下,随着激光功率在一定范围内的提高,焊接速度在一定范围内的降低,骨架熔宽及骨架熔深增加;骨架熔宽是影响激光T型接头剪切性能的决定性参数,匹配激光功率超过4.1 kW、焊接速度低于80 mm/s、离焦量为-5~+10 mm,可使骨架熔宽超过0.51 mm,接头剪切力达到14 kN以上水平。     

Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.     

热/力耦合作用下基于应力分析的冰破坏准则

根据飞机热除冰的物理过程,考虑外部空气动力和蒙皮表面加热的作用,建立了NACA 0012翼型前缘冰层应力计算模型。采用有限元方法和平面三角形单元对控制方程组进行了求解,获得了外部空气动力和蒙皮表面加热对冰层黏附界面应力的影响规律。研究表明:蒙皮表面不加热时,来流速度影响了黏附界面应力的强度,来流攻角影响了黏附界面应力的分布,冰-蒙皮间黏附界面切应力最大值随来流速度呈近似线性增大趋势,但外部空气动力很难造成冰层破坏。蒙皮表面加热时,冰-蒙皮间黏附界面的耦合应力和冰层内部的主应力随着热流密度的增大而增大,很容易超过剪切强度,这是造成冰破坏的关键因素。耦合冰-蒙皮剪切强度随界面温度的变化关系,初步建立了基于应力分析和热/力耦合作用的冰破坏判断准则。外部空气动力产生的界面应力和蒙皮表面加热产生的界面热应力之和，必须大于与蒙皮表面温度相关的剪切强度，则冰层发生破坏，破坏位置是耦合应力超过剪切强度的区域。      

LY12,TC4,30CrMnSiA激光冲击处理疲劳断口分析

从疲劳断口形貌特征分析了激光冲击处理对铝合金ＬＹ１２、钛合金ＴＣ４、高强钢３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ疲劳行为的影响。     

Joining of SiO2 ceramic and TC4 alloy by nanoparticles modified brazing filler metal

Nano-Al₂O₃ particles modified AgCuNi filler was adopted to braze the SiO₂ ceramic and TC4. The effects of filler size as well as the brazing temperature on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical property of the joints were investigated. Nanoscale filler reduced the phases dimension and promoted the homogeneous distribution of microstructure, obtaining a higher joint strength when compared to microscale filler. The increase of brazing temperature made the accelerating dissolution and diffusion of Ti, which promoted the increase of thickness of Ti₄O₇ + TiSi₂ layer adjacent to SiO₂ ceramic and diffusion layer zone nearby TC4 alloy. The hypoeutectic structure was produced in the brazing seam due to the high Ti content. The maximum shear strength of ∼40 MPa was obtained at 950 °C for 10 min.     

TC11与TC17异质钛合金线性摩擦焊连接机理研究

为了探明TC11与TC17异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头连接机理,采用扫描电镜来研究接头不同位置的微观形貌。结果表明,在振幅为3mm、频率为40Hz、摩擦压力为66.7MPa、摩擦时间为2s的条件下,在接头表面表现为"摩擦磨损"特征。在距接头表面2.5mm处,接头具有"粘着剪切"特征,且原始摩擦界面上有微孔存在,TC11钛合金发生了动态再结晶,而TC17未发生动态再结晶。在距接头表面5mm处,界面上有微孔存在,且在TC17焊缝与热机械影响区(TMAZ)交界处产生裂纹。在距接头表面7.5mm处,原始摩擦界面无微孔存在,在TC17焊缝与TMAZ交界处有裂纹存在。在距接头表面10mm处,接头内无缺陷存在。接头内不同位置的形貌在一定程度上反映了接头的形成过程。     

激光喷丸对7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的影响

以7075铝合金试样的搅拌摩擦焊接头为对象,利用激光喷丸和常规喷丸工艺对其进行后续处理,通过试验对比分析了激光喷丸工艺对表面粗糙度、显微硬度、接头残余应力、裂纹扩展、疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,经激光喷丸处理的搅拌摩擦焊接头的表面粗糙度远小于常规喷丸处理的接头表面,而对接头显微硬度的影响差异不大。激光喷丸可改变接头的残余应力分布,是增强搅拌摩擦焊接头抗疲劳性的有效方法,对其他焊接接头及构件的激光喷丸处理具有一定的参考价值。     

基于遗传算法与神经网络微电阻点焊工艺参数优化

文摘微电阻点焊工艺参数的设置对焊点力学性能有着至关重要的作用,通过正交试验极差分析研究了工艺参数对0.05 mm厚TC1箔材焊点剪切力和剥离力的影响程度。通过赋予剪切力和剥离力相应的权值将双优化目标转化为单一的混合优化目标,结合神经网络与遗传算法,对工艺参数进行了优化,建立了基于BP神经网络的焊点力学性能预测模型。结果表明预测模型的误差小于4%,预测模型具有较高的精度和预测能力,可以准确地预测焊点的力学性能。同时通过gatool工具箱对各项工艺参数进行了优化,获得焊接参数的最优组合:焊接电流800 A、电极压力8.89 N、爬坡时间1.608 ms、焊接时间8 ms,混合优化目标为55.73 N。通过与正交试验优化结果对比,遗传算法寻优可以获得更好的综合力学性能。     

激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮磨削氧化铝工艺

为了研究砂轮表面结构化对砂轮磨削性能的影响,利用脉冲激光对树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮进行了表面宏观结构化。采用6种不同类型的金刚石砂轮表面宏观结构进行了氧化铝的磨削实验,建立了激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮的磨削力模型,比较了6种不同激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮与非结构化砂轮在不同磨削参数下磨削力的差异,分析了砂轮制造后的表面形貌与结构化砂轮的磨损特性。实验结果表明,砂轮宏观结构化对磨削性能有很大影响,激光宏观结构化砂轮的磨削力可以减小2. 5%~24. 5%,砂轮结构化后的表面形貌出现石墨化现象;宏观结构化砂轮沟槽边缘磨损加剧,但沟槽磨损并没有明显加快宏观结构化砂轮的磨损。     

Influence of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded Ti60 to GH3128 joint with a Cu interlayer

Effects of welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Cu/Ni joint welded by electron beam were investigated. High welding heat input increased the melting quantity of Ti60 titanium alloy and promoted the formation of Ti–Cu intermetallic compounds (IMC) such as Ti₂Cu and Ti₃Cu₄, increasing the brittleness of the joints. Low welding heat input was not conducive to the complete melting of the copper interlayer, and the unmelted copper reduced the performance of the joints. Under the optimal welding parameters, Ti–Ni IMCs in the weld would be replaced by (Cu, Ni) solid solutions ((Cu, Ni)_ss). However, Ti–Cu IMC layers cannot be eliminated entirely by changing the welding parameters. The maximum tensile strength of the joints was 201 MPa. The fracture of the joints occurred at the Ti–Cu IMC layer, which was a typical brittle fracture.