一种半实物雷达仿真测试系统的设计与实现

雷达半实物仿真是通过微电子技术、计算机技术和信号处理技术等各种技术来复现雷达信号的产生、传递等动态过程,作为雷达系统测试的有效手段,半实物雷达在雷达系统的研制和调试过程中具有重要作用,半实物雷达仿真测试更是系统功能实现的关键环节。文章基于半实物雷达系统对射频信号发生模块、试验数据采集模块、数据回放模块进行结构与参数的设计,最终完成了各个模块的开发与集成,实现了半实物雷达仿真测试系统的设计。     

Ultra-high performance, low-power, data parallel radar implementations

Radar involves similar operations applied to large amounts of data. It is thus well suited to data parallel (SEMD) hardware. In the past, large data-parallel machines have been applied to radar with limited success. This has been due to such reasons as programming issues, cost, and the hardware being too big for most embedded applications. Most SBVED machines went away a decade ago. There is now a new generation of SIMD COTS technology with powerful processing elements (PEs) and floating-point hardware. WorldScape is applying these chips to radar processing, and has demonstrated significantly more performance with much lower power dissipation (GFLOPS/Watt). These implementations provide attractive alternatives to traditional FPGA and DSP solutions. Lockheed-Martin has provided benchmark validation testing and support for these implementations. The current implementation is based on a 64 PE, 25 GFLOP CS-301 chip supplied by ClearSpeed Technology PLC. WorldScape has demonstrated FFT, Pulse Compression, a form of QR factorization, and other applications on this generation of hardware using a mix of C-level programming and optimized assembly. The next generation chip is compatible, but also has several improvements that will significantly enhance I/O performance as well as raw GFLOP throughput. An updated demonstration and discussion of a scalable processing platform for embedded radar processing which significantly improves I/O performance and provides a roadmap to government-qualified hardware for technology insertion. Architectures, data parallel coding approaches, additional functionality of the scalable processing platform, and relevance to embedded defense radar applications will be discussed.     

Precision tracking algorithms for ISAR imaging

The simultaneous imaging and tracking of a moving target is one of the most difficult problems in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) signal processing. The problem is addressed here using a two-antenna imaging radar. The target range shift is sensed with an exponentially averaged envelope correlation algorithm while the angle change is measured with a differential phase shift algorithm. The three state Kalman filters are used in range and azimuth dimensions to provide both a filtered estimate and a one-sample-ahead prediction for the purpose of target tracking. The filtered range shift provides an accurate information for range bin alignment, and the target angle change provides the angular positions of the synthetic array elements. Therefore, the ISAR imaging simply becomes processing of a circular-arc aperture. The algorithms are verified both by computer simulations and also with experimental data processing     

基于FPGA的雷达信号模拟、采集与处理系统

介绍了基于FPGA设计并实现了一种雷达信号模拟、采集与处理的系统。系统主要由计算机和带有双路高速A/D和双路高速D/A的信号处理卡组成。信号处理卡以FPGA为核心控制与处理芯片,主要完成雷达信号模拟、雷达信号处理和雷达信号采集等功能,与计算机通讯使用USB2.0接口,采用数据抽取、坐标查表映射和DirectDraw等技术在计算机显示器上以P显和A显方式进行实时显示。该系统提供在线配置功能,用户可通过USB接口对FPGA程序进行配置或升级,无须专用配置芯片,简化了电路板设计,提高了系统的灵活性。     

轰炸雷达计算机系统设计

轰炸雷达的核心是雷达计算机系统,既要具有很强的实时处理能力,又要具有高可靠性.本文从工程设计角度出发,详细介绍了轰炸雷达计算机系统的硬件设计.     

模块化多任务实时应用航管雷达数据处理计算机系统

介绍了模块化多任务实时应用航管雷达数据处理计算机系统的组成和基本原理,重点对系统各种可编程模块和系统存储器模块进行了说明,并给出了系统功能框图。     

Design and analysis of a knowledge-aided radar detector for doppler processing

In this paper we discuss the combined use of a priori information and adaptive signal processing techniques for the design and the analysis of a knowledge-aided (KA) radar receiver for Doppler processing. To this end, resorting to the generalized likelihood function (GLF) criterion (both one-step and two-step), we design and assess data-adaptive procedures for the selection of training data. Then we introduce a KA radar detector composed of three elements: a geographic-map-based data selector, which exploits some a priori information concerning the topography of the observed scene, a data-adaptive training selector which removes dynamic outliers from the training data, and an adaptive radar detector which performs the final decision about the target presence. The performance of the KA algorithm is analyzed both on simulated as well as on real radar data collected by the McMaster University IPIX radar. The results show that the new KA system achieves a satisfactory performance level and can outperform some previously proposed adaptive detection schemes     

一种机载雷达两级降维空时二维自适应处理方法

 提出了一种机载相控阵雷达杂波抑制的两级降维空时自适应处理(STAP)方法,即：先根据杂波分布先验信息进行空时局域化(JDL)降维处理,然后对局域化输出进行多级维纳滤波(MWF),实现二次降维。该方法综合了固定结构和自适应结构降维技术的优点,将JDL处理引入到MWF中,从而有效降低MWF的杂波自由度。计算机仿真和理论分析表明本文方法比JDL自适应处理方法和全空时MWF方法具有更小的运算量,对阵元随机幅相误差具有很好的容差能力,是一种稳健的两级降维自适应处理方法。最后,基于仿真和实测数据的实验验证了算法的有效性。     

An ultrahigh-speed large capacity radar data acquisition system

An ultra-high-speed, large-capacity radar data acquisition system that achieves a rate of 150 Msample/s is presented. The acquisition system includes a high-speed 512 K×8 b data buffer memory that is very useful for long-time radar data acquisition. The data can be transferred to the computer through a computer interface circuit, using the direct memory access method at a data transfer rate up to 5 Mb/s. The data can be saved or displayed on a screen     

空载脉冲多普勒跟踪雷达数字信号处理机的设计和实现

分析了准连续波三通道雷达接收机的特点,提出了一种先进的雷达数字信号处理机的实现方案。该方案采用了中频采样、高速 DSP和并行体系结构等先进技术。在系统实现层次上,分析了一些中频采样实现方法的局限,进而提出了适合准连续波雷达回波特点的采样滤波器的设计方法和采样频率选择公式。在硬件设计上,本系统采用了32位浮点 DSP--ADSP21060和相应的并行结构。     

并行处理发动机/控制系统半实物仿真

以高速微信号处理器ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ３０为阵元机,研制了８阵元总线并行处理计算机系统,建立了涡轴发动机非线性仿真模型,仿真模型在并行处理机上并行计算实现实时。该实时仿真器通过输入输出接口与涡轴发动机的实际控制系统进行连接,组成涡轴发动机／控制系统半实物闭环系统,并进行了稳态和动态仿真。     

A Functionally Redundant Altimeter

A scheme to provide redundant sensor data in an automatic control system using the principle of functional redundancy is described. Normally there are three redundant radar altimeters used in the terminal phase of automatic landing of jet transport airplanes. This scheme replaces one of these altimeters with a data processing scheme based on a Kalman filter. The filter is driven by altitude rate and acceleration signals from the air data computer and vertical accelerometer. A special initialization technique employs the two altimeter signals. The feasibility of this scheme is indicated by tests in which data obtained from these several sensors during flight tests are used to drive the functionally redundant altimeter.     

Radar Image Processing with Clusters of Computers

Some radar image processing algorithms such as shape-from-shading are particularly compute-intensive and time-consuming. If, in addition, a data set to be processed is large, then it may make sense to perform the processing of images on multiple workstations or parallel processing systems. We have implemented shape-from-shading, stereo matching, resampling, gridding, and visualization of terrain models in such a manner that they execute either on parallel machines or on clusters of workstations. We were motivated by the large image data set from NASA's Magellan mission to planet Venus, but received additional inspiration from the European Union's Center for Earth Observation program (CEO) and Austria's MISSION initiative for distributed processing of remote sensing images on remote workstations, using publicly-accessible algorithms. We developed a multi-processor approach that we denote as CDIP for Concurrent and Distributed Image Processing. The speedup for image processing tasks increases nearly linearly with the number of processors, be they on a parallel machine or arranged in a cluster of distributed workstations. Our approach adds benefits for users of complex image processing algorithms: the efforts for code porting and code maintenance are reduced and the necessity for specialized parallel processing hardware is eliminated.     

基于FPGA的雷达信号模拟

结合 FPGA 嵌入式系统高并行度和控制简单的特点,采用基于可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的直接数字合成(DDS)技术编程实现了雷达信号的模拟,并以雷达线性调频脉冲信号和雷达视频信号的模拟为例,分析了该方法实现雷达信号模拟的原理及具体过程.最后,给出了雷达信号模拟的部分实验结果,并与 DDS 专用芯片的方法进行了详细的比较     

Comments on: "Design of MTI Radar on the Basis of Detection Probability"

The main comment of the above paper [1] is that radar integration after MTI processing is not taken into account. For this reason, its numerical results (and curves) show processing losses much higher than practical values. The latter can be obtained in a relatively easy way by means of a computer simulation of the entire signal processor.     

The Whirlwind computer project

The authors describe how they led the development of the Whirlwind I (WWI) digital computer and its evolution into the SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) air-defense system for North America. The project from 1945 through 1956, beginning at a time when no general-purpose, high-speed, electronic computer existed, was from the start dedicated to performance and reliability suitable for real-time control. After several shifts in objectives, Whirlwind became an experimental system for demonstrating that a digital computer could analyze the flow of radar data and generate control orders for fighter-plane interceptions of bombers. The resulting successor computers, the AN/FSQ-7, were installed in a network across the United States and Canada in the late 1950s. The SAGE System control centers were in operation about 25 years and demonstrated a 99.8% up-time reliability. In the Whirlwind Project, vacuum tube life was raised from 500 hours to 500000 hours, marginal checking allowed the automatic detection of aging and drifting of electronic components before they reached the point of failure, random-access magnetic-core storage was invented and developed to become the industry standard computer memory for more than two decades, synchronous parallel logic was used, computer-driven cathode-ray tube displays were used for the first time, light guns were used to permit an operator to identify displayed images to the computer for action, and multiple displays were time-shared between different operators     

一种基于单部雷达的飞行器脱靶量测试方法

对单部雷达测量飞行器脱靶量所涉及到的雷达分辨力和多目标信息获取及处理进行了分析;结合实际靶场应用介绍了脱靶量数据处理方法;分析了脱靶量的测量误差,并给出了分析结果;本方法可最大限度地补偿掉系统误差,脱靶量测量误差主要来源于雷达本身测量精度。     

软件化锁相环数据并行方法研究

信号处理速度是衡量软件化锁相环性能的重要指标之一。以往的软件化锁相环采用基于数据冗余的并行处理方法,但冗余数据量的引入导致计算机资源浪费、效率降低等问题。因此,设计了一种基于数据块和冗余数据段双重动态划分的并行化处理方法,给出了数据动态划分策略,通过计算机模拟比较了新型并行环路与传统环路的性能。仿真结果表明,数据段动态划分的方法不仅使得跟踪的性能更好,处理结果更完备,把失锁造成的数据缺失减到最小,而且避免了数据冗余并行化方法因计算量增加而使效率降低等问题。     

Inherent bias assessment in height computation employing mixed-typeradar data

The objective here is the analysis of a systematic error inherently existing in aircraft geometric height monitoring under radar surveillance. This error is caused by the nonlinear processing of noisy measurements. The geometric height system under investigation uses mixed-type radar data, since the height is computed by referring range raw measurements to horizontal trajectory smoothed data