阴极微弧放电制备TiAl合金表面Al_2O_3膜的高温氧化性能

在Al(NO3)3溶液中利用阴极微弧放电沉积方法,制备了TiAl合金表面的Al2O3膜,膜的厚度为80μm。空气环境下,在900℃下进行高温氧化实验。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了样品在高温氧化前后的形貌和物相变化。100h高温氧化后,Al2O3膜保持完整,与基体有较好的结合。高温氧化前后物相均为γ-Al2O3和少量的α-Al2O3,但是氧化后的膜层中出现了少量的Rutile-TiO2。阴极微弧沉积方法在TiAl合金表面制备的Al2O3膜能够有效地提高基体在900℃时的抗氧化性能。     

Cr3C2／Ni3Al复合材料的组织与耐磨性能

采用氩弧焊将Cr3C2-Al-Ni焊丝堆焊于碳钢表面制成Cr3C2/Ni3Al高温耐磨复合材料.利用电弧物理热与Ni,Al反应热在线生成复合材料,增强相尺寸由原料中150μm经溶解析出减小到平均10μm以下,组织均匀稳定.复合材料常温下耐磨粒磨损性能是传统高温耐磨合金Stellite12的2倍.分析认为,在硬度几乎相同情况下,增强相体积分数、增强相尺寸、Ni3Al形变硬化能力是决定复合材料在常温下耐磨粒磨损性能的主要因素.     

真空预氧化处理对热障涂层静态氧化行为的影响

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在DZ40M合金表面制备了Ni Co Cr Al Y粘结层,采用等离子喷涂技术在粘结层表面制备了陶瓷面层,并对整体热障涂层进行了真空预氧化处理。通过高温静态氧化实验研究了真空预氧化对热障涂层的氧化行为的影响。结果表明:真空预处理可在MCr Al Y粘结层和陶瓷面层的界面处形成连续、致密的α-Al2O3层;在1050℃下氧化800h后,喷涂态涂层TGO中除α-Al2O3外,还生成了大量尖晶石氧化物,而预氧化涂层TGO则以α-Al2O3为主;预氧化处理有效抑制了涂层在高温氧化过程中尖晶石氧化物的形成,从而降低了整体氧化膜的生长速率。     

含铼单晶高温合金铝化物涂层的高温氧化行为

采用低压气相沉积法,在镍基高温合金DD32上制备铝化物涂层.涂层外层为β-NiAl,内层(扩散层)宽度接近外层,富集Re.在900℃,1000℃氧化500小时后,表面氧化膜为致密的α-Al2O3 和针状的θ-Al2O3,氧化动力学基本符合抛物线规律.氧化后的铝化物涂层外层为β-NiAl,有贫Al的Ni3Al沿晶界析出;内层(扩散层)母体为Ni3Al,并析出块状的富Re和W的化合物.     

熔铝氧化渗透合成SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料的微观结构分析

以低成本的熔铝氧化渗透合成新方法制备了SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料.借助X光电子谱(XPS)、光学金相显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段研究了该种复合材料的微观结构,并分析了影响微观结构的主要因素及其影响规律.结果表明,Al2O3和Al作为复合材料基体呈双连续分布,它们各自的含量可在较大范围内受SiC颗粒的粒度所控制.在熔铝氧化渗透合成的SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料中,各组成相之间无界面反应,也无晶间相,Al2O3在SiC颗粒表面二次形核并直接生长的现象普遍存在,并由此形成了具有良好物理冶金结合的Al2O3-SiC一体化陶瓷骨架.     

合金元素Y对高铌TiAl高温合金长期抗氧化性的影响

研究不同含Y量对高铌TiAl合金在900℃恒温条件下,1000h的抗氧化性的影响.结果发现,从长期看,氧化速率、氧化膜结构以及氧化膜抗剥落能力均与Y含量有关.在900℃等温氧化条件下,0.4 at%Y含量能有效提高高铌TiAl合金的抗氧化性,而高Y含量对与抗氧化性的负面影响在氧化初始阶段已经十分明显.通过对氧化后样品SEM和EDS分析发现,适量Y元素的加入可以细化氧化物颗粒,促使合金表面形成连续Al2O3保护膜,提高氧化膜与合金基体的粘附性,从而提高高铌TiAl合金的高温长期抗氧化性.     

7A55铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的组织与性能

研究了7A55铝合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷膜的生长曲线、形貌、元素分布和相组成,测试了陶瓷膜与基体的附着力。结果表明,膜层厚度随着氧化时间的延长而增加,在不同的氧化阶段生长速率不同,膜层以向外生长为主;膜层为单层结构,Al,O元素含量基本保持不变,Mg元素参与了氧化反应;膜层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,其中γ-Al2O3相含量较多;膜层与基体间的结合良好,划痕临界破坏载荷为897mN。     

Al-TiO2-C系原位合成铝基复合材料高温拉伸性能及断裂机理

讨论了Al-TiO2-C反应系原位反应合成铝基复合材料的常温和高温拉伸性能及其断裂机理.当C/TiO2摩尔比为0时,增强相由α-Al2O3和Al3Ti组成,随C/TiO2摩尔比的增加,Al3Ti逐渐减少,在C/TiO2摩尔比为1时,Al3Ti基本消失.室温抗拉强度和延伸率随C/TiO2摩尔比的增加而同步提高,分别由250.4 MPa和4.0%上升到350.8 MPa和6.0%.SEM观察发现有的Al3Ti自身解理开裂,并在四周形成较大韧窝,拉伸时裂纹核可在Al3Ti棒中和基体中α-Al2O3的聚集处形成,并分别在棒的解理面和基体中扩展引起断裂.高温时,热错配应力促使裂纹核先于基体在Al3Ti棒与基体的界面萌生扩展,Al3Ti从基体中脱离,断口出现洞坑,C/TiO2摩尔比为1的复合材料在727K时,拉伸强度降为93.3MPa,延伸率升为11.0%.     

合金元素Al对Cr-20Nb合金高温抗氧化性能的影响

采用机械合金化＋热压烧结工艺制备了掺杂合金元素Al的Cr-20Nb合金,研究Al对Cr-20Nb合金在1100℃和1200℃下高温抗氧化性的影响。结果表明,合金元素Al能促进Cr-20Nb合金氧化时生成AlNbO4复合型氧化物,该复合型氧化物能有效抑制Cr2O3,的挥发反应,从而改善Cr2O3,氧化层的致密性,并提高氧化膜的粘附性,导致合金抗氧化性显著提高。不同Al含量的Cr-20Nb合金氧化增重均近似于抛物线规律。     

铁基MGH956高温合金抗高温氧化性能的研究

研究了MGH956高温合金1000～1300℃的氧化行为。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射对氧化膜的形貌、组成进行了分析。结果表明:MGH956高温合金具有非常突出的抗高温氧化性能,1300℃仍能达到完全抗氧化,且没有发生内氧化。氧化膜的基体氧化物是α-Al2O3,与合金基体连接十分紧密,且连续、致密,晶粒非常细小,有一定塑性,是合金具有优异抗高温氧化能力的主要原因。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.