纳米材料在树脂基复合材料中的应用

对纳米材料及纳米复合材料的基本特性进行了简要地概述，并对纳米粒子的表面处理及分散技术，纳米复合材料的制备方法及纳米粒子在复合材料树脂改性中的应用进行了详细地描述。     

ZnO纳米棒/碳布多尺度增强酚醛树脂复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用新颖的水热电泳法在碳布表面生长ZnO纳米棒,制备出ZnO纳米棒/碳布多尺度增强体,与传统水热法相比,有效地缩短了ZnO纳米棒的生长时间。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对ZnO纳米棒/碳布多尺度增强体的结构特征、微观形貌进行表征。探索了不同电泳时间(15、30、45、60min)对碳布增强复合材料的湿式摩擦性能和拉伸性能的影响规律。结果表明,ZnO纳米棒/碳布多尺度增强体有效提高了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能和拉伸性能,归因于多尺度增强体与树脂基体之间形成良好的界面结合。当电泳30min时,复合材料表现出最高且稳定的摩擦系数,与原始碳布复合材料相比磨损率降低了55.40%。复合材料的拉伸强度为133.74MPa,与原始复合材料相比提高了30.10%。因此,水热电泳法在制备碳布多尺度增强的复合材料方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

碳纳米管混杂环氧树脂/T700复合材料的力学性能

为了在现有原材料体系的基础上提高由树脂基体主导的复合材料力学性能,将碳纳米管与环氧树脂混合制备纳米复合树脂基体,再与T700炭纤维增强体复合,经模压成型碳纳米管混杂多尺度复合材料.实验中,采用超声工艺使碳纳米管分散于环氧树脂中,毛细管实验和金相显微镜分析结果表明,在20 kHz和30 min时,碳纳米管分散均匀,纳米复...     

复合材料结构用紧固件技术

先进树脂基复合材料虽然已广泛应用,但其自身的特点使得其在连接过程中产生很多问题,需重点解决腐蚀、安装"卡死"、抗冲击能力差、拉脱力低等典型问题。阐述了复合材料结构用紧固件可选用的材料,以及各种类型紧固件及紧固系统,如铆钉类、螺栓类、抽芯铆钉类、特种紧固件类,为国内复合材料连接紧固件选用提供参考。     

不同类型材料对发射箱箱体成型工艺过程及刚强度的影响

以某型发射箱箱体为例,对比分析了选取金属材料和纤维增强树脂基复合材料两类不同材料时箱体的工艺成型过程及其特点,并对选取不同类型材料时箱体刚强度计算结果及实测结果进行了对比分析。从分析结果可以看出,选用纤维增强树脂基复合材料制造发射箱箱体,在满足刚强度使用要求的同时,不但工艺成型过程更灵活,操作性更强,还可以降低大批量生产成本。     

铺层结构对复合材料层合板固有频率的影响

搭建四角简支的复合材料层合板的模态振动实验平台。使用锤击单点激励法获取层合板不同测点位处的频响函数;利用DHDAS动态信号分析系统测得不同铺层结构复合材料层合板的前三阶固有频率,及对应的振型;进一步分析铺层结构对复合材料层合板的振动特性的影响。结果表明,改变测点位置对层合板整体的固有频率影响较小;复合材料层合板的铺层结构对固有频率有很大影响;[0°/90°/±45°]s4铺层结构的层合板的抗冲击性最强、结构整体的刚度最高。     

高温处理过程C/C复合材料微结构演变规律

对热解炭基、热解炭-树脂炭基C/C复合材料进行了1 500、1 800、2 100、2 500℃高温热处理。采用X射线衍射仪、激光拉曼光谱仪,对不同热处理温度及未进行热处理的2种C/C复合材料纳米尺度结构进行了表征;采用扫描电子显微镜、压汞仪,检测了其微米尺度孔隙缺陷。结果表明,随热处理温度的增加,微米尺度C/C复合材料的孔隙率逐渐增加,材料中裂纹型孔隙缺陷在热处理过程中,没有沿裂纹尖端的应力集中区域扩展,而是沿裂纹的宽度方向变化;纳米尺度C/C复合材料炭结构向理想微晶结构转变,缺陷逐渐减少,其变化趋势和微米尺度孔隙率的变化很相似。随热处理温度的增加,纳米尺度1-d002与微米尺度孔隙率呈线性关系趋势,并据此获得了用微米尺度孔隙率变化表征C/C复合材料石墨化度的经验公式。     

双马来酰亚胺树脂和环氧树脂复合材料在极端温度下的性能对比

文章针对卫星复合材料天线在轨工作的高、低温温度环境,选择了玻璃化温度在220℃以上的双马来酰亚胺树脂和改性增韧环氧树脂作为新一代高模量碳纤维复合材料树脂的候选基体。在常温、极端低温-196℃和高温＋150℃测试了两种树脂基体碳纤维复合材料的力学参数,包括弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、层问剪切强度和热膨胀系数等。同时,对统计测试结果进行了分析,对比了两种树脂在温度环境下的性能差异。最后根据强度差异、热膨胀性能差异和工艺过程的复杂性,选择了改性增韧环氧树脂5224作为新一代卫星天线产品碳纤维复合材料的树脂基体材料。     

纤维增强树脂基复合材料的吸湿性和湿变形

阐述了纤维增强树脂基复合材料的吸湿与湿变形机理及其影响因素,从环境、材料和工艺3个方面,总结了环境温度、相对湿度、纤维、树脂基体、纤维-基体界面以及铺层方式对复合材料吸湿性与湿变形的影响,并提出了降低纤维增强树脂基复合材料吸湿率与湿变形的途径。     

关于树脂基复合材料应用中的一些问题分析

文章简述了树脂基复合材料在卫星结构中应用概况,着重对树脂基复合材料应用中的一些问题作了简要分析。     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

火箭推进剂液体晃动关机响应的数值仿真

本文采用VOF方法对火箭发动机关机阶段所引起的液体晃动进行了数值仿真，以氧化剂贮箱为例，得到了贮箱无阻尼环和带阻尼环时的晃动仿真图和液体质心变化曲线，检验了VOF方法处理碎波的能力。