多目标多约束组合体与飞船轨道维持优化

针对天宫二号/神舟十一号任务组合体运行与飞船返回要求，建立了升交点经度、轨道偏心率、指定时刻轨道高度及速度倾角等多目标特征参数的控制方程；根据组合体至飞船撤离准备各阶段的飞行特点，分析了近圆轨道偏心率中长期演化情况以及飞船返回双脉冲控制量随控制时间的变化规律，提出了通过两次组合体与飞船联合规划来满足不同约束的控制策略；根据撤离后飞船、天宫以及伴星的相对运动关系研究了结合规避控制的飞船双脉冲维持优化控制方案。最后依据神舟十一号任务的飞行过程，设计算例验证了该方法的有效性，具有较好的工程应用价值。     

空间交会的末端控制模式

以距离速率控制算法和全方位距离速率控制算法为基础构造的三种末端交会控制模式具有普遍的应用意义，适用于多种多样的交会任务，包括在大椭圆轨道上的飞船交会。受控运动轨迹平稳、形态可选、而控制和推进系统本身简单易行、计算机仿真效果很好。     

卫星群分离控制方法研究

根据星群分离控制的一般要求，本文研究了卫星群的相对运动方程，分析了其相对运动特性，在合理的近似假设下对Ｈｉｌｌ方程为出发点，研究了各卫星相对距离限制下的分离控制方法。最后对精确方程与近似方程的仿真比较，表明所设计的健康控制方法是可行的，其结果是可信的。     

神舟飞船逃逸救生分离动力学分析

针对神舟飞船建立了三维动力学模型，研究了在大气层内逃逸飞行器与返回舱分离过程中前、后体气动特性，对不同马赫数、前体攻角、前体与后体滚动角，计算前、后体的相对运动，并对其计算结果进行分析，判断后体是否飞离前体尾流区，为飞船应急救生系统设计提供依据。     

非线性条件下编队卫星周期性相对运动条件

利用编队卫星机械能守恒原理，提出了非线性条件下求解编队卫星周期性相对运动条件的新方法，给出了非线性周期相对运动的初始条件。编队卫星相对距离较近时，利用非线性周期运动条件，可修正Hill方程的初始条件，抑制编队卫星的长期漂移。编队卫星相对距离较大，非线性因素不可忽略时，利用非线性周期运动条件，可找到不需消耗任何燃料的周期性相对运动轨道。最后的数值仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性。     

近圆参考轨道脉冲悬停及其轨迹安全分析方法

基于航天器相对运动的C-W方程及其解析解,研究了空间相对悬停的脉冲控制方法,给出了相对悬停脉冲控制量的计算方法,降低了对空间悬停任务航天器控制推进系统的要求,有利于工程实现。以两航天器相对轨道机动过程中的碰撞概率计算方法为基础,对相对悬停的轨迹安全风险进行了量化分析。数值仿真算例显示,本文方法可实现圆或近圆参考轨道上的空间相对悬停,且缩短悬停轨道机动周期,有利于悬停效果的提升。悬停相对运动过程中,悬停碰撞概率的极值点与两航天器相对距离的最小值几乎同时出现。     

载人飞船全系数自适应再入升力控制

本文从控制角度分析载人飞船再入升力控制的特点，将全系数自适应控制方法应用于载人飞船的升力控制研究中，并就落点精度、最大过载、燃料消耗、姿态平稳性等几方面，同制导理论中经典的标准弹道升力控制、落点预报算法中的ＰＩＤ算法进行了仿真比较，证明了本文方法的优越性。     

神舟七号飞船技术状态控制管理探讨

结合神舟七号飞船的工程实践经验,综合分析了神舟七号飞船技术状态控制管理的目标、方法和特点,探讨了信息化技术在神舟七号飞船技术状态控制管理的应用方案,以期提高航天产品状态控制质量。     

航天器集群构形控制的虚拟弹簧阻尼网络方法

针对航天器集群质心相对运动构形控制问题,提出了一种基于虚拟弹簧阻尼网络的分布式控制方法。航天器间以虚拟的弹簧阻尼器相互连接,弹簧的原长根据期望的相对运动构形来设定。各航天器的控制输入是与其相连的所有弹簧阻尼器的合力。在线性动力学模型和拓扑结构连通且固定的假设下,基于代数图论的方法推导出了闭环系统稳定性条件。对近地轨道上100个航天器形成格点相对运动构形和20个航天器形成时变距离的椭圆构形的实例进行了仿真,考虑了轨道摄动的影响,结果表明,集群通过虚拟弹簧阻尼网络控制可实现期望构形,并能达到厘米量级的构形保持控制精度。该控制方法不改变集群的质心,只需施加很小的控制加速度;仅基于局部的邻居交互,能够适应大规模集群对分布式控制的要求。     

“神舟号”载人飞船开伞控制方案设计

载人飞船的开伞控制方案是回收着陆系统设计中的一个关键环节,它直接关系到飞船回收着陆系统工作的成败。文章根据载人飞船特点的分析,制订了飞船开伞控制方案,即采用静压高度控制法来控制开伞,然后根据静压高度控制的工作原理,详细介绍了开伞控制方案的设计方法和流程。仿真试验和飞行试验结果表明:"神舟号"载人飞船开伞控制方案的设计是合理的、正确的。     

Calculation and Study of Limited Orbits around the <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript> Libration Point of the Sun–Earth System

A procedure has been proposed for calculating limited orbits around the L₂ libration points of the Sun–Earth system. The motion of a spacecraft in the vicinity of the libration point has been considered a superposition of three components, i.e., decreasing (stable), increasing (unstable), and limited. The proposed procedure makes it possible to correct the state vector of the spacecraft so as to neutralize the unstable component of the motion. Using this procedure, the calculation of orbits around various types of libration points has been carried out and the dependence on the orbit type on the initial conditions has been studied.     

Modes of uncontrolled rotational motion of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Progress M-29M</Emphasis> spacecraft

We have reconstructed the uncontrolled rotational motion of the Progress M-29M transport cargo spacecraft in the single-axis solar orientation mode (the so-called sunward spin) and in the mode of the gravitational orientation of a rotating satellite. The modes were implemented on April 3–7, 2016 as a part of preparation for experiments with the DAKON convection sensor onboard the Progress spacecraft. The reconstruction was performed by integral statistical techniques using the measurements of the spacecraft’s angular velocity and electric current from its solar arrays. The measurement data obtained in a certain time interval have been jointly processed using the least-squares method by integrating the equations of the spacecraft’s motion relative to the center of mass. As a result of processing, the initial conditions of motion and parameters of the mathematical model have been estimated. The motion in the sunward spin mode is the rotation of the spacecraft with an angular velocity of 2.2 deg/s about the normal to the plane of solar arrays; the normal is oriented toward the Sun or forms a small angle with this direction. The duration of the mode is several orbit passes. The reconstruction has been performed over time intervals of up to 1 h. As a result, the actual rotational motion of the spacecraft relative to the Earth–Sun direction was obtained. In the gravitational orientation mode, the spacecraft was rotated about its longitudinal axis with an angular velocity of 0.1–0.2 deg/s; the longitudinal axis executed small oscillated relative to the local vertical. The reconstruction of motion relative to the orbital coordinate system was performed in time intervals of up to 7 h using only the angularvelocity measurements. The measurements of the electric current from solar arrays were used for verification.     

速度信息缺失的平动点轨道交会预设性能控制

以平动点轨道的交会对接为研究背景，基于高阶积分链微分器和预设性能控制理论提出了一种仅需相对位置信息的平动点轨道近程交会控制律。首先利用高阶积分链微分器估计两航天器的相对速度状态，并设计预设性能控制器使得两航天器的相对运动状态在预设的边界内渐近收敛到期望状态。然后利用李雅普诺夫函数证明相对运动状态存在扰动时控制器的稳定性。该方法为闭环控制，且与模型无关，容易在线操作。仿真结果表明，在平动点轨道航天器存在未知扰动以及导航制导等不确定的情况下，利用所提交会控制律能够实现追踪航天器与目标航天器交会任务的高精度实时控制，具有较强鲁棒性。     

The use of a movable telescoping end mass system for the time-optimal control of spinning spacecraft

The time-optimal control of a spin-stabilized spacecraft with a movable telescoping appendage (boom), is considered analytically and numerically. The motion of a control mass at the end of the boom is determined such that the terminal time will be minimized for two-axis control of a symmetric spacecraft. The equations of rotational motion are linearized about the desired state of spin about the symmetry axis. The equations for the transverse angular velocity components have the form of a coupled two dimensional harmonic oscillator with boom motion as a control force. The control function which brings the system to the desired state is known to be a series of positive and negative pulses. If the initial state is such that the system can be driven to rest in a single switch, the responses, switching and final times, and required boom motion may be determined analytically. Some typical numerical results based on these solutions are discussed.     

Determination of parameters of attitude motion of a small communication satellite using the data of measurements of current of solar panels

A communication satellite (small spacecraft) injected into a geosynchronous orbit is considered. Flywheel engines are used to control the rotational spacecraft motion. The spacecraft after the emergency situation has passed into a state of uncontrolled rotation. In this case, no direct telemetric information about parameters of its rotational motion was accessible. As a result, the problem arose to determine the rotational satellite motion according to the available indirect information: current taken from the solar panels. Telemetric measurements of solar panel current obtained on the time interval of a few hours were simultaneously processed by the least squares method integrating the equations of rotational satellite motion. We present the results of processing 10 intervals of the measurement data allowing one to determine the real rotational spacecraft motion and to estimate the total angular momentum of flywheel engines.     

含板类柔性附件的充液航天器动力学研究

对含有板类柔性附件和曲壁轴对称充液储腔的复杂航天器系统进行动力学建模和耦合机理研究。首先，采用Kirchhoff-Love薄板理论对航天器的板类柔性附件进行研究，通过D’Alembert原理得到柔性附件的振动方程，运用模态假设法将混合方程转换为常微分方程。其次，通过推导充液航天器储腔内任意点的运动，得到储腔液体的牵连速度势函数，采用Gauss超几何级数得到液体相对速度势函数的解析形式，通过Hamilton变分原理推导液体晃动的运动方程，以及液体速度势函数模态系数的控制方程。最后采用准坐标Lagrange方程得到耦合航天器系统的状态方程，通过数值仿真校验系统动力学模型的有效性。研究结果表明，刚性平台、液体、柔性附件的相互耦合效应使得航天器系统存在复杂动力学行为，在复杂航天器系统动力学建模过程中需要充分考虑液体晃动和柔性附件振动的影响，柔性附件的安装位置对于耦合航天器系统的动力学行为也有着重要影响。     

The Use of Quaternions in the Optimal Control Problems of Motion of the Center of Mass of a Spacecraft in a Newtonian Gravitational Field: III

The results of numerical solution of the problem of a rendezvous in the central Newtonian gravitational field of a controlled spacecraft with an uncontrollable spacecraft moving along an elliptic Keplerian orbit are presented. Two variants of the equations of motion for the spacecraft center of mass are used, written in rotating coordinate systems and using quaternion variables to describe the orientations of these coordinate systems. The problem of a rendezvous of two spacecraft is formulated [1, 2] as a problem of optimal control by the motion of the center of mass of a controlled spacecraft with a movable right end of the trajectory, and it is solved on the basis of Pontryagin's maximum principle. The paper is a continuation of papers [1, 2], where the problem of a rendezvous of two spacecraft has been considered theoretically using the two above variants of the equations of motion for the center of mass of the controlled spacecraft.     

Ballistics, navigation, and motion control for a spacecraft during its landing on the surface of Phobos

Basic concepts and algorithms laid as foundations of the scheme of landing on the Martian moon Phobos (developed for the Phobos-Grunt project) are presented. The conditions ensuring the landing are discussed. Algorithms of onboard navigation and control are described. The equations of spacecraft motion with respect to Phobos are considered, as well as their use for correction of the spacecraft motion. The algorithm of estimation of the spacecraft’s state vector using measurements with a laser altimeter and Doppler meter of velocity and distance is presented. A system for modeling the landing with a firmware complex including a prototype of the onboard computer is described.     

基于UPF的航天器自主天文导航方法

利用红外地球敏感器和星敏感器直接敏感地平的天文导航方法是一种成熟、可靠的自主导航方法。这种导航方法的状态方程和量测方程都是严重非线性的,且在建立航天器轨道动力学模型时,通常将二阶带谐摄动项建模,而将其他摄动项等效为高斯白噪声,由于这些摄动项都有其精确的模型,通常不服从高斯分布。本文提出将UPF(Unscented Particle Filter)滤波方法应用于航天器自主天文导航,该方法用UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)得到粒子滤波的重要性采样密度函数,从而克服了标准的粒子滤波没有考虑最新量测信息和UKF只能应用于噪声为高斯分布的不足。仿真结果表明,该方法可以取得比标准的粒子滤波和UKF更快的滤波收敛性和更高的滤波精度。