中国历年发射卫星统计表(1970.4~1995.3)

1995牛4月24日是中国第一颗人造卫星发射成功25周年纪念日。25年来,中国的人造卫星事业取得了显著成就——第一代卫星胜利地完成了既定使命,第二代卫星也于1992年8月首战告捷,各类新型卫星正在抓紧研制。但是,人造卫星是高风险、高技术产品,研制和发射人造卫星既有成功的经验和喜悦、也有失败的教训和遗憾。中国人造卫星的发射成功率较高,     

为把中国的航天事业搞上去而奋力拼搏--北京空间机电研究所成立45年的历程回顾

20 0 3年 8月 2 1日 ,是中国航天系统第 5 0 8研究所(即隶属于中国航天科技集团公司中国空间技术研究院的北京空间机电研究所 ,以下简称研究所 )成立 4 5周年纪念日。值此之际 ,回顾研究所为把中国的航天事业而奋力拼搏的历程 ,具有历史意义和深远影响。毛主席号召的产物在世界伴随着苏联于 195 7年 10月 4日发射成功第一颗人类研制的卫星———伴侣 1号人造地球卫星而进入航天时代后 ,中国就决定发展本国的航天事业。195 8年 5月 17日 ,毛泽东主席在党的八大二次会议的讲话中提出了“我们也要搞人造卫星”的伟大号召。为了使中国在世界航天…     

不断创造奇迹为国增光添彩--纪念长征一号火箭成功发射东方红一号卫星30周年

共和国历史上记载着一个光荣的日子：1970年4月24日，中国用自行研制的长征一号火箭成功地发射了中国的第一颗人造地球卫星——东方红一号。遨游太空的东方红一号，播放着清晰悦耳的《东方红》乐曲，成为全国人民70年代第一春的一件大喜事。“五一”国际劳动节，毛泽东主席、周恩来总理等党和国家领导人，在节日的天安门城楼上，亲切地接见了参加研制和发射我国第一颗人造卫星的代表，使奋战在航天战线上的广大科技人员、工人和干部受到极大的鼓舞和鞭策。由于历史的种种原因，发射东方红一号卫星的火箭的主要研制单位——中国运载火箭技术…     

“东方红一号”卫星结构研制、总装、测试关键技术的突破

<正>1970年4月24日,我国成功地发射了第一颗人造地球卫星"东方红一号",宇宙空间第一次响起了《东方红》的乐曲。卫星的发射成功表明古代四大发明的故乡——中国,已经具有了制造和发射人造地球卫星的能力。在当时的历史条件下,仅用了4年多的时间就完成了卫星的研制、总装和测试任务,确实是个奇迹,在中国人造地球卫星的史册上写下了光辉灿烂的第一页。1967年,由于"东方红一号"卫星研制的需要,北京科学仪器厂(七机部五院卫星总装厂)由生产     

发扬传统 继往开来——纪念“东方红一号”卫星成功发射45周年

<正>1958年5月17日,毛泽东主席在中共八大次会议上提出"我们也要搞人造卫星"的伟大号召,这是党中央发出的向空间进军的动员令。毛主席的号召是在世界第一颗人造地球卫星发射成功仅仅半年后发出的,表明中国人民有信心、有能力登上空间技术舞台,从此拉开了我国空间活f的序幕。1970年4月24日,我国成射了第-颗人造地球卫星"东方红一号",它向世界庄严     

北京空间飞行器总体设计部简介

北京空间飞行器总体设计部（中国空间技术研究院总体部）自1968年组建以来,研制并发射成功62颗不同类型的人造卫星、4艘无人试验飞船和2艘载人飞船。其中,有我国第一颗人造地球卫星、第一颗返回式遥感卫星、第一颗地球静止轨道通信卫星、第一颗现代小卫星、第一艘载人飞船和第一颗月球探测卫星。在载人飞船技术、卫星回收技术、一箭多星技术、地球静止轨道通信卫星技术、     

坚持科学发展观 铸造航天新辉煌——纪念中国第一颗人造地球卫星发射35周年

1970年4月24日，我国成功研制并发射了第一颗人造地球卫星“东方红一号”，标志着我国空间技术取得了历史性突破，在我国航天发展史上具有划时代的意义，从此拉开了中国航天活动的序幕，而且不断蓬勃发展。党和政府坚定不移地支持发展航天事业，把发展航天事业作为增强我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力和民族凝聚力的一项战略举措。     

坚持科学发展观铸造航天新辉煌--纪念中国第一颗人造地球卫星发射35周年

1970年4月24日，我国成功研制并发射了第一颗人造地球卫星东方红1号．标志着我国空间技术取得了历史性突破，在我国航天发展史上具有划时代的意义。从此拉开了中国航天活动的序幕．而且不断蓬勃发展。党和政府坚定不移地支持发展航天事业，把发展航天事业作为增强我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力和民族凝聚力的一项战略举措。     

中国发射人造地球卫星总览

中国发射人造地球卫星总览１９７０年４月２４日，中国用自行研制的长征一号运载火箭成功地发射了自己的第一颗人造地球卫星东方红一号。自此，中国迈入了世界航天国家的行列。到１９９６年７月止，中国已发射了３７颗卫星，其中科学技术实验卫星１０颗，返回型遥感卫星１...     

中国航天空间科技20世纪十大新闻

一、第一颗人造卫星发射成功——中国进入太空时代1970年4月24日，中国第一颗人造地球卫星东方红一号用长征一号运载火箭发射成功，标志着中国进入太空时代。从此，航天空间科技在国民经济和国防建设中逐渐成为不可或缺的重要力量。东方红一号卫星重173公斤，初始轨道参数是：近地点439公里，远地点2384公里，倾角68．5度，运行周期114分钟。其任务是进行卫星技术试验，探测电离层和大气密度。二、返回式卫星发射成功——掌握返回技术名列世界第三1975年11月26日，长征二号运载火箭成功发射返回式卫星，卫星在轨运行3天后，按预定计划顺利回…     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

火箭推进剂液体晃动关机响应的数值仿真

本文采用VOF方法对火箭发动机关机阶段所引起的液体晃动进行了数值仿真，以氧化剂贮箱为例，得到了贮箱无阻尼环和带阻尼环时的晃动仿真图和液体质心变化曲线，检验了VOF方法处理碎波的能力。