宇航标准发展趋势

介绍美国和欧洲宇航标准的发展状况,在分析我国宇航标准现状的基础上,提出我们的宇航标准应具有继承与发展、开放、先进等特性,同时指出我国宇航标准重点发展方向。     

宇航级电连接器的材料质量控制研究

阐述宇航级电连接器为经受住不同轨道空间飞行器所经受的真空、温度交变、辐照和原子氧等复杂苛严的环境条件，对设计选材和材料筛选提出的质量控制要求。分析研究为验证宇航级电连接器材料能否满足这些特殊的空间环境条件要求j必须开展的热真空释气、温度交变、臭氧暴露、抗辐照、可燃性、气味和毒性（废气）等材料筛选试验方法。并对我国宇航级电连接器材料质量控制提出了意见和建议。     

宇航级电连接器的材料质量控制研究（续）

3宇航级电连接器材料的筛选试验 为验证设计所选材料能否经受得往真空、辐照等苛严特殊的环境条件．宇航电连接器技术标准中通常都规定：宇航用电连接器的全部材料,在产品鉴定试验时需进行热真空释气、温度循环、臭氧暴露、原子氧和抗辐照等筛选试验;所有非金属外壳的超小型、微型和印制板矩形连接器材料需进行可燃性、气味和毒性（废气）等筛选试验。     

宇航电连接器材料选用和可靠性试验

阐述了宇航用电连接器，为经受真空，辐照，原子氧和温度交变等十分复杂的空间环境，对设计选料提出的质量要求。介绍了为验证设计所选材料能否经受住这些复杂苛严的空间环境条件，宇航用电连接器产品鉴定试验或周期试验时，需进行的高真空，臭氧暴露，抗辐照，水解稳定性，撞击，可燃性，气味和毒性（废气）等可靠性筛选试验要求。并对宇航电接连器发展提出了意见和建议。     

宇航电连接器材料选用和可靠性试验（续）

3宇航电连接器材料的可靠性试验 为验证设计所选材料能否经受得住真空，辐照等苛严特殊的环境条件，宇航电连接器技术标准中通常都规定：     

宇航软件标准体系框架探析

随着航天事业的发展，宇航软件已经成为宇航事业至关重要的一部分。国际化的发展趋势，国际合作与交流的不断增多，宇航软件从质量、管理、产品保证等方面亟待跟上发展的步伐。本文在分析了国內外软件标准现状的基础上，根据我国航天软件标准化特点给出了宇航软件标准体系框架的建议。     

我国宇航元器件标准发展方向与趋势的探讨

介绍美国航天局和欧洲空间局宇航元器件标准体系的构成,回顾我国宇航元器件标准的发展历程,探讨我国宇航元器件标准的发展方向与趋势。     

加速构建中国宇航元器件标准体系大力支撑宇航元器件产品体系建设

分析国内外宇航元器件标准体系的现状与发展趋势,阐述宇航元器件标准体系对宇航元器件产品体系构建的支撑与推动作用,提出我国宇航元器件标准体系的指导思想、技术特点和总体设计等关键内容.     

ECSS元器件保证顶层标准解读

ECSS-Q-60B《空间产品保证电气、电子和机电（EEE）元器件》标准是欧洲空间局（ESA）宇航元器件保证的顶层标准，是ESA宇航元器件保证的纲领性文件。今年7月17日发布的最新B版较A版有重大技术和组织的更改。本文分析了B版相对于A版内容的更改，并重点对比分析了B版中三个等级元器件保证要求的差别。在此基础上，对我国宇航元器件保证工作提出了几点建议。     

宇航用微矩形电连接器评估方法

为验证宇航用微矩形电连接器研制的成熟度和在宇航工程中应用的适用度,提出了一种应用验证的新方法。其核心在于以微矩形电连接器鉴定试验为基础,结合宇航应用的实际背景及其自身特性制定评估试验方案,对其耐受力裕度、实际性能指标进行评价。该方法成功应用于宇航用微矩形电连接器的评估,得出了在不同应用条件下其电性能参数的变化趋势以及与进口样品间电参数比对结果,并对其结构与航天型号要求的符合性以及极限性能指标等进行了评估验证,为微矩形电连接器的研制和应用提供参考依据。     

GEOS and its US and European components: Challenges and impact

The Centre Français sur les Etats Unis (CFE) held a day-long workshop on GEOSS, GMES and IEOS on 17 January 2006. Sponsored by Arianespace, the invitation-only roundtable drew some 50 participants from European and US administration, industry and academia. The programme and the presentations are on the CFE web site: www.cfe-ifri.net. This report summarizes the proceedings.     

偶氮呋咱和氧化偶氮呋咱的合成及表征

介绍了高能材料二氨基偶氮呋咱(DAAF)、二氨基氧化偶氮呋咱(DAOAF)及二硝基氧化偶氮呋咱(DNOAF)的合成。其中,采用新型氧化剂制备DAAF,得率提高至65.60%。通过DSC-TG、元素分析、IR、1H NMR和MS等方法,对其结构进行了鉴定,并进行了常规的感度测试。感度数据表明,无氢炸药DNOAF的摩擦感度较大,与C-12相当,而DAAF和DAOAF为低感度炸药。     

教育教学活动中的师生人际冲突及其解决方法

受传统观念的影响,人们一般只看到师生人际冲突的负面影响,而很少注意其正面作用;实际上,师生人际冲突是教育教学的互动形式之一,它的存在是必然的,也是合理的,它既有消极有害的一面,也有积极有益的一面。文章试在分析师生人际冲突原因的基础上,针对其影响的二重性,从学校、教师、学生三个方面,提出了正确对待师生人际冲突的建设性对策。     

汽车检测与维护专业建设的回顾与总结

汽车检测与维护专业是我校重点建设的广西区区级示范专业,经过五年的建设已经形成了一定的规模。文章主要从实验实训中心建设、课程建设、教材建设、师资队伍建设、教学改革等方面对该专业的建设历程进行了回顾和总结。     

Atlas II and IIA analyses and environments validation

General Dynamics has now flown all four versions of the Atlas commercial launch vehicle, which cover a payload weight capability to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) in the range of 5000–8000 lb. The key analyses to set design and environmental test parameters for the vehicle modifications and the ground and flight test data that validated them were prepared in paper IAF-91-170 for the first version, Atlas I.

This paper presents similar data for the next two versions, Atlas II and IIA. The Atlas II has propellant tanks lengthened by 12 ft and is boosted by MA-5A rocket engines uprated to 474,000 lb liftoff thrust. GTO payload capability is 6225 lb with the 11-ft fairing. The Atlas IIA is an Atlas II with uprated RL10A-4 engines on the lengthened Centaur II upper stage. The two 20,800 lb thrust, 449 s specific impulse engines with an optional extendible nozzle increase payload capability to GTO to 6635 lb. The paper describes design parameters and validated test results for many other improvements that have generally provided greater capability at less cost, weight and complexity and better reliability. Those described include: moving the MA-5A start system to the ground, replacing the vernier engines with a simple 50 lb thrust on-off hydrazine roll control system, addition of a POGO suppressor, replacement of Centaur jettisonable insulation panels with fixed foam, a new inertial navigation unit (INU) that combines in one package a ring-laser gyro based strapdown guidance system with two MIL-STD-1750A processors, redundant MIL-STD-1553 data bus interfaces, robust Ada-based software and a new Al-Li payload adapter. Payload environment is shown to be essentially unchanged from previous Atlas vehicles. Validation of load, stability, control and pressurization requirements for the larger vehicle is discussed.

All flights to date (five Atlas II, one Atlas IIA) have been successful in launching satellites for EUTELSAT, the U.S. Air Force and INTELSAT. Significant design parameters validated by these flights are presented. Particularly noteworthy has been the performance of the INU, which has provided average GTO insertion errors of only 10 miles apogee, 0.2 miles perigee and 0.004 degrees inclination. It is concluded that Atlas II/IIA have successfully demonstrated probably the largest number of current state-of-the-art components of any expendable launch vehicle flying today.     

Launch and early operations of Herschel and Planck

On 14 May 2009 the European Space Agency launched 2 space observatories: Herschel (with a 3.5 m mirror it is the largest space telescope ever) will collect long-wavelength infrared radiation and will be the only space observatory to cover the spectral range from far-infrared to sub-millimetre wavelengths, and Planck will look back at the dawn of time, close to the Big Bang, and will examine the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation to a sensitivity, angular resolution and frequency range never achieved before. This paper will present the Flight Dynamics, mission analysis challenges and flight results from the first 3 months of these missions.Both satellites were launched on the same Ariane 5 and travelled to the L2 Lagrange point of the sun–earth system 1.5 million km from the earth in the opposite direction of the sun. There they were injected to a quasi-halo orbit (Herschel) with the dimension of typically 750,000 km×450,000 km, and a Lissajous orbit (Planck) of 300,000 km×300,000 km.In order to reach these Lissajous orbits it is mandatory to perform large trajectory correction manoeuvres during the first days of the mission. Herschel had its main manoeuvres on the first day. Planck had to be navigated on the first day and by a mid-course correction manoeuvre, the L2 orbit insertion manoeuvre was planned on day 50. If these slots were missed, fuel penalties would rapidly increase.This posed a heavy load on the operations teams because both spacecrafts have to be thoroughly checked out and put into the correct modes of their attitude control systems during the first hours after launch.The sequence of events will be presented and explained and the orbit determination results as well as the manoeuvre planning will be emphasised.     

英汉词语空缺与跨文化差异及翻译策略探究

语言是文化的载体,文化上的差异导致了英汉语言中的词汇空缺现象,词汇空缺现象反映了语言的民族性。在跨文化交际中,词汇空缺会给交际带来障碍,造成语用失误,甚至导致交际失败,论文就词语的空缺现象与跨文化差异中的翻译策略进行了一些探讨。     

月球测绘学分类及应用展望

根据月球测绘的研究现状及发展趋势,对月球测绘学的概念进行了溯源与拓展。在分析月球测绘学与地球测绘学主要差异基础上,从传统测绘学科分类角度出发,综合考虑月球测绘学特殊性,重新梳理出月球测绘学主要学科专业分类,并详细介绍了每个学科专业的定义及国内外研究现状,给出了月球测绘学的五个主要应用领域及其应用展望。我国应尽早开展月球测绘理论与技术研究,形成完整的月球测绘学科体系,能够有力地促进我国空间科学技术的发展,保障后续探月工程的顺利实施。     

SMOS与Aquarius卫星海表盐度测量方法及数据的对比分析

国际上发射的海表盐度遥感卫星主要有2颗:欧洲的SMOS和美国的Aquarius卫星,为给后续海表盐度遥感提供参考借鉴,对比分析了这2颗卫星的遥感器载荷、数据处理算法和盐度数据。遥感器载荷方面,SMOS采用L波段二维综合孔径辐射计,而Aquarius采用L波段实孔径辐射计加散射计;数据处理算法方面,分析了二者在介电常数模型、海面粗糙度校正以及反演算法方面的差异;盐度数据方面,分析了SMOS与Aquarius盐度数据之间的相关程度,并分别与ISAS(In Situ Analysis System)浮标盐度数据作对比,分析了2颗卫星的盐度数据精度。将2颗卫星的盐度遥感数据与ISAS浮标盐度数据对比发现,在全球范围内,Aquarius盐度测量精度优于SMOS;但在开阔海域,SMOS盐度测量精度优于Aquarius;而在近海岸区域,均出现较大的误差,且SMOS数据误差更大。     

凝胶推进剂及其模拟剂的制备和特性表征

高能凝胶推进剂的选择、制备、实验及特性表征是凝胶推进剂研究的关键环节.燃料凝胶化包括有机和无机两种胶凝剂.氧化剂的凝胶化使用了无机胶凝剂.此外选择和配制了凝胶推进剂的模拟剂,它具有与实际燃料和氧化剂相匹配的流变特性.制备了在流变学上相匹配的凝胶燃料和凝胶氧化剂、惰性凝胶模拟剂与凝胶推进剂,并对其流变学特性进行了分类.