压气机/风扇二维叶型自动优化设计

通过压气机叶片自动优化设计关键技术研究,提出采用并行遗传算法以实现全局寻优和并行优化缩短优化耗时;采用基于修改量参数化方法,达到优化过程生成叶型的可控性和合理性;提出兼顾非设计点性能的目标函数设置方法,实现全T况优化;并进一步研制出二维平面和任意回转面叶型自动优化设计软件.软件中流场计算模块与商用软件相比一致性较好,表...     

Enhancement on parallel unstructured overset grid method for complex aerospace engineering applications

In the present study, an efficient overset grid method by means of parallel implicit hole-cutting is proposed for the sake of simulating unsteady flows in aerospace engineering involving multiple bodies in relative movement. In view of the degraded computational efficiency and robustness for conventional overset grid assembly, several innovative techniques are developed within the overset grid assembly process, viz., a bookkeeping alternative digital tree method to speed up the donor-cell search...     

非结构混合网格自适应并行技术

计算流体力学（CFD）模拟实际工程问题所采用的网格规模可达千万量级，并行技术是减少计算时间的有效方法。耦合流场信息的网格自适应技术能有效动态优化计算网格，被NASA视为一项亟待发展的CFD关键技术。混合网格自适应系统包含网格分布优化、表面网格投影和空间网格匹配等关键技术。针对以上3项关键技术分别建立了高效的并行算法。首先，提出了"先唯一后同一"的两步法策略实现了网格单元分布优化过程的并行相容性；其次，基于局部曲面拟合思想，实现了曲面重构和新增物理网格点投影的完全并行；再次，提出了空间网格匹配技术的半并行算法，快速解决了网格单元交错问题。为了提高后续流场计算的并行效率，发展了基于并行重分区-网格数据迁移方法的动态负载平衡技术，并采用圆柱激波流场自适应模拟对动态负载平衡技术进行初步验证。最后，采用三角翼自适应加密测试了自适应系统的并行效率。结果表明，建立的混合网格自适应系统并行效率较高，且相比流场求解耗费总时间的比例低于1%。     

Rapid Star Tracking Algorithm for Star Sensor

A rapid star tracking algorithm is proposed. In order to speed up the tracking, three techniques includng parallel star centroiding, sorting, and star catalogue partition are designed for three time-consuming portions in tracking algorithms. The parallel star centroiding is implemented with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) which avoid image storage and transmission. Update rate of star sensor is improved. Sorting star coordinates in star image plane, and then matching, which avoid matching between stars with a long distance in image plane. Star catalogue partition divides the celestial sphere into many small partitions. In star mapping, guide stars are searched in the partitions near the direction of star sensor's boresight is not in the whole celestial sphere and therefore reduced the total number of searched guide stars. The software and hardware performance of tracking algorithms are simulated. Tracking robustness and the tracking speed comparison are tested in the software simulation. In hardware tests, the tracking time in every step is obtained.     

双三角翼大迎角绕流的并行计算

本文在ＬＵ－ＳＧＳ方法求解可压缩Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程的串行程序基础上,发展了适合ＭＰＰ系统类型的并行计算机的并行算法程序,并针对双三角翼大迎角绕流问题,就不同的并行计算方法进行了对比研究,探讨了优化并行策略,提高计算效率和计算加速比等问题。     

Designing a parallel, distributed test system

The increasing use of parallel architectures and networking technologies has enabled test systems to break free from their traditional structure. Today's systems run multiple parallel tasks, distribute testing among many computers, and publish live data through the Internet to achieve faster performance, better reliability, and increased connectivity with enterprise-wide systems. Specifically, software technologies and techniques will be examined for developing and running parallel, distributed automated tests and distributing test data between applications or across the Internet. If used correctly, the result of these techniques is a higher performance, more robust test system. In addition, we will examine technologies that make creating these parallel, distributed systems possible for not only the advanced test program developer, but also the novice user     

姿控发动机喷管内流场的DSMC并行算法

在分析了直接仿真Monte-carlo（DSMC）方法内在并行度的基础上，针对工作站群机并行系统（NOWS）分布主存的特点，构造了适合于DSMC仿的并行算法模型，在PVM环境下将其应用于姿控发动机喷管内流场的DSMC仿真，结合并行算法效率评价准则对如何提高并行计算效率进行研究。仿结果表明了实施DSMC并行计算的必要性与有效性。     

基于Boltzmann模型方程不同流区复杂三维绕流HPF并行计算

随着现代航空航天快速发展,是否能建立一套可有效模拟稀薄流到连续流各流域绕流问题统一算法,已成为工程应用部门和学术研究领域关心的问题。通过开展基于Boltzmann简化速度分布函数方程数值求解,发展起从稀薄流到连续流统一算法。借助区域分解并行化方法研究建立气体运动论统一算法并行方案,通过对统一算法进行HPF并行化程序设计及算法考验,拟定不同流域三维球体绕流及类"神舟"返回舱外形体绕流算例,进行HPF并行计算,并将计算结果与有关实验数据、DSMC模拟值进行定量比较、分析。研究表明,所发展的统一算法具有很好的并行独立性,基本达到了线性加速的并行效果,算法负载平衡和并行可扩展性较好,可望建立起新型的能可靠模拟不同流域三维绕流问题的HPF并行算法研究方向。     

提高三维ICT成像空间分辨率的扫描方式及其重建算法

对三维工业计算机层析成像(Three Dimensional Industrial Computed Tomography, 3D-ICT)空间分辨率提高技术进行了研究, 提出了一种通过1/4面阵探测器偏置扫描提高成像空间分辨率的锥束3D-ICT扫描方式, 推导了它的基于平行束重排的滤波反投影重建算法.这种方法首先通过面阵探测器中心相对于旋转中心偏移四分之一个探测单元宽度的扫描结构获取二维投影序列, 再对其进行平行束投影重排, 最后利用平行射束特点实现投影水平方向采样频率加倍, 从而提高3D-ICT水平方向的重建空间分辨率.计算机仿真结果证明了该扫描方式和重建算法的正确性.利用该种方法, 可使3D-ICT水平方向重建空间分辨率提高近1倍.      

空载脉冲多普勒跟踪雷达数字信号处理机的设计和实现

分析了准连续波三通道雷达接收机的特点,提出了一种先进的雷达数字信号处理机的实现方案。该方案采用了中频采样、高速 DSP和并行体系结构等先进技术。在系统实现层次上,分析了一些中频采样实现方法的局限,进而提出了适合准连续波雷达回波特点的采样滤波器的设计方法和采样频率选择公式。在硬件设计上,本系统采用了32位浮点 DSP--ADSP21060和相应的并行结构。     

A Coarse Search Correlation Tracker for Image Registration

A high-speed compact digital correlation tracker which determines the frame-to-frame translational motion between two images is presented. By combining a similarity detection approach with the correlation coefficient in a parallel pipelined architecture, effective tracking rates comparable to conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques can be achieved. Examples of the tracker's performance using simulated data and image data acquired by an active infrared radar are given.     

Global design optimization for aerodynamics and rocket propulsion components

Modern computational and experimental tools for aerodynamics and propulsion applications have matured to a stage where they can provide substantial insight into engineering processes involving fluid flows, and can be fruitfully utilized to help improve the design of practical devices. In particular, rapid and continuous development in aerospace engineering demands that new design concepts be regularly proposed to meet goals for increased performance, robustness and safety while concurrently decreasing cost. To date, the majority of the effort in design optimization of fluid dynamics has relied on gradient-based search algorithms. Global optimization methods can utilize the information collected from various sources and by different tools. These methods offer multi-criterion optimization, handle the existence of multiple design points and trade-offs via insight into the entire design space, can easily perform tasks in parallel, and are often effective in filtering the noise intrinsic to numerical and experimental data. However, a successful application of the global optimization method needs to address issues related to data requirements with an increase in the number of design variables, and methods for predicting the model performance. In this article, we review recent progress made in establishing suitable global optimization techniques employing neural-network- and polynomial-based response surface methodologies. Issues addressed include techniques for construction of the response surface, design of experiment techniques for supplying information in an economical manner, optimization procedures and multi-level techniques, and assessment of relative performance between polynomials and neural networks. Examples drawn from wing aerodynamics, turbulent diffuser flows, gas–gas injectors, and supersonic turbines are employed to help demonstrate the issues involved in an engineering design context. Both the usefulness of the existing knowledge to aid current design practices and the need for future research are identified.     

弹道并行计算的设计与实现

多条弹道并行计算是目前作战仿真，多目标探测等领域所急需解决的问题，利用面向对象的软件设计方法，将弹道计算过程抽象化为多个对象，分别对各种对象进行封装，有效地解决了并行弹道计算中内存混乱，可靠性差等问题，实现了多条弹道并行计算。     

圆管内不可压粘流的分布式并行算法

用并行算法求解了圆柱通道内不可压层流流动。采用有重叠的条形区域分裂法时计算域进行分区，分别求解动量方程和压力校正方程，对压力校正方程采用块修正法来加速线代数方程的收敛速度。计算结果表明有较好的并行加速比和并行效率。     

风洞试验绳牵引并联支撑技术研究进展

新型飞行器的研制越发强调先进的飞行性能,这对风洞试验模型支撑技术提出了高的要求,为扩展风洞试验的能力,迫切需要研究新型的智能支撑技术。绳牵引并联支撑是基于机器人技术的一种新型机构,具有刚度较大,动态性能良好等优点,为风洞试验提供了一种新的手段。首先,全面论述了绳系支撑在风洞试验中的应用,并给出动态分析;进一步根据绳牵引并联支撑技术的特点,将其分为可实现受迫运动的冗余约束支撑,以及可实现受迫+自由运动的欠约束支撑;其次,重点阐述了冗余约束与欠约束两类支撑系统的若干关键技术问题及其研究进展;最后,指出绳牵引并联支撑技术的发展方向是具有可重构性和智能化。可为绳牵引并联支撑技术在风洞试验中的工程应用提供一定的理论指导与技术支持。     

并行测试技术及在空空导弹检测中的应用浅析

并行测试技术是美军下一代测试工作组提出的新技术之一,它主要通过提高单位时间内被测对象的数量及在每一个被测对象内部并行进行参数测试,来提高测试仪器的利用率和测试效能,进而降低武器装备的测试成本。本文对并行测试的相关理论进行了介绍,并对并行测试技术在空空导弹检测设备中的应用进行了分析,指出了需要解决的若干问题。     

Computational modeling for multiphase flows with spacecraft application

Many engineering applications involve interactions between solid, gas and liquid phases under normal or micro-gravity conditions. Numerical simulations of such fluid flows need to track the location and the shape of the fluid interface as part of the solution. The merits and basic characteristics of various approaches for numerical computations of interfacial fluid dynamics are reviewed. The computational challenges include: (i) the algorithmic complexity for handling irregularly shaped moving boundaries that can experience merger and break-up; (ii) resolution refinement techniques to maintain desirable resolution of length scales, in accordance with the evolving fluid dynamics; (iii) data structure needed to support identification of the interface and satisfaction of the physical laws in the bulk fluids as well as around the phase boundaries; and (iv) efficient parallel processing techniques required for practical engineering analysis. The present review focuses on these issues related to the Lagrangian–Eulerian approach, utilizing the immersed boundary method with marker-based tracking, as the main framework for interfacial flow computations on Cartesian grids. Specifically, we offer in-depth discussion of the organization and layout of the mesh systems for both fluid and interface representations, local adaptive refinement on two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) Cartesian grids, and multi-level domain decomposition method that utilizes Hilbert space filling curves for parallel processing strategy. The effectiveness of individual components and overall algorithm are presented using various tests such as, binary drop-collision computations to highlight grid adaptation and interface tracking algorithms to handle complex interface behavior, and bubble/droplet placed in a vortex field with various density/viscosity ratios across interfaces to address load balancing and scalability aspects of parallel computing. A time-dependent draining flow problem motivated by spacecraft applications is presented to aid spacecraft design efforts.     

压气机/风扇叶片自动优化设计的研究现状和关键技术

 着重介绍和分析了近年来快速发展的压气机叶片自动优化设计方法现状、应用特点以及关键技术。通过分析指出：自动优化设计方法设计效率高,适用于高气动性能指标压气机/风扇设计;为缩短优化时间和提高搜索效率,优化算法应首选并行遗传算法;今后在叶片参数化方法、加速流场计算方法以及提高遗传算法的搜索效率方面需进行进一步研究。     

Muon Observations

Muon observations are complementary to neutron monitor observations but there are some important differences in the two techniques. Unlike neutron monitors, muon telescope systems use coincidence techniques to obtain directional information about the arriving particle. Neutron monitor observations require simple corrections for pressure variations to compensate for the varying mass of atmospheric absorber over a site. In contrast, muon observations require additional corrections for the positive and negative temperature effects. Muon observations commenced many years before neutron monitors were constructed. Thus, muon data over a larger number of solar cycles is available to study solar modulation on anisotropies and other cosmic ray variations. The solar diurnal and semi-diurnal variations have been studied for many years. Using the techniques of Bieber and Chen it has been possible to derive the radial gradient, parallel mean-free path and symmetric latitude gradient of cosmic rays for rigidities <200 GV. The radial gradient varies with the 11-year solar activity cycle whereas the parallel mean-free path appears to vary with the 22-year solar magnetic cycle. The symmetric latitudinal gradient reverses at each solar polarity reversal. These results are in general agreement with predictions from modulation models. In undertaking these analyses the ratio of the parallel to perpendicular mean-free path must be assumed. There is strong contention in the literature about the correct value to employ but the results are sufficiently robust for this to be, at most, a minor problem. An asymmetric latitude gradient of highly variable nature has been found. These observations do not support current modulation models. Our view of the sidereal variation has undergone a revolution in recent times. Nagashima, Fujimoto and Jacklyn proposed a narrow Tail-In source anisotropy and separate Loss-Cone anisotropy as being responsible for the observed variations. A new analysis technique, more amenable to such structures, was developed by Japanese and Australian researchers. They confirmed the existence of the two anisotropies. However, they found that the Tail-In anisotropy is asymmetric and that both anisotropies had different positions from the prediction. Most 27-day modulations are observed at neutron monitor rigidities but not so readily at higher rigidities. An exception to this is the Isotropic Intensity Wave modulation observed in the early 1980s and again in 1991. This modulation is very strongly related to the heliospheric sector structure and implies a significantly different cosmic ray density on either side of the neutral sheet. The interpretation of most cosmic ray modulation phenomena requires good latitude coverage in both hemispheres. The closure of many muon observatories is a matter of concern. In the northern hemisphere a few new instruments are being constructed and spatial coverage is barely adequate. In the southern hemisphere the situation is far worse with the possibility that within a decade only the Mawson observatory in Antarctica will still be in operation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

双轴涡喷发动机的实时数字模拟

本文采用单一微型计算机 (IBMPC/ 2.86 + 80 2 87协处理器 )对某型双轴加力式涡喷发动机进行实时模拟研究。经过对发动机部件特性的适当特殊处理以及应用诸如 80 2 86宏汇编和80 2 87浮点运算并行处理等软件设计技巧,很好地解决了实时数字模拟时的计算精度与计算速度之间的矛盾。