准惯性定向探测卫星GPS接收天线安装角度研究

研究了准惯性定向探测卫星GPS接收天线的安装角度问题. 根据卫星任务需求分析其姿态需求, 再由姿态需求对GPS接收天线的安装方式进行理论分析和仿真计算, 通过GDOP值优选了安装角度方案. 仿真结果表明, GPS接收天线的轴向在本体±y轴即轨道面法向或负法向方向附近.      

基于同波束干涉测量的航天器姿态测量研究

基于地基同波束干涉测量,建立了航天器姿态测量数学模型及方程,给出了姿态解算方法,并对方程可解性与解算精度因子进行了分析。通过模拟在轨航天器轨道运行,进行了基于同波束干涉测量的航天器姿态解算数值仿真和误差分析,对解算误差和观测俯仰角的关系进行了分析和验证。结果表明,利用3个地面测站针对航天器上3个下行天线信号开展同波束干涉测量,辅以精度因子约束进行姿态解算,可以获得有效的航天器姿态信息,其精度最高可达0.001°。该方法可以作为在轨航天器姿态测量的备份手段。     

基于射频敏感器的卫星三轴姿态确定方法研究

带有大型网状展开天线的同步轨道移动通信卫星,一般通过卫星本体的姿态控制间接保障星上通信天线的指向精度,难以避免天线因自身安装、变形、挠性振动等引起的指向误差.提出直接利用射频敏感器测量的信标信号误差确定卫星三轴姿态,并计算天线保持目标指向所需三轴姿态角偏差,通过卫星姿态控制系统实时或离线姿态修正以保证天线指向精度.利用数学仿真方式验证算法正确性和有效性.     

基于GPS/北斗组合系统的高轨卫星定位技术研究

针对目前高轨GPS信号可用性差及定位精度低的特点, 对GPS/北斗组合系统的 高轨卫星定位技术进行研究, 对比分析了单GPS系统与GPS/北斗组合系统的卫 星可见性和几何精度因子. 结果表明, GPS/北斗组合系统比单GPS系统的卫星可 见性好, 且定位精度高. 同时通过提出在星载接收机上采用高精度原子钟, 可实现三星定位, 降低对接收机的技术要求.      

基于星载AIS数据的TEC测量方法

基于星载船舶自动识别系统（AIS），提出一种计算全球电离层电子总含量（TEC）的方法。通过在卫星上搭载两个相互垂直的线极化天线，测量AIS信号穿过电离层时的法拉第旋转角，再通过法拉第旋转角与TEC的关系估算TEC。基于天拓五号卫星的AIS数据进行了实验验证，并分析了硬件设备误差和观测参数误差对结果造成的影响。实验表明，本方法测量出的TEC值与基于全球定位系统（GPS）测量的TEC值差值平均为0.762 TECU，证明了此方法的可行性。与现有的TEC测量方法相比，该方法只需利用现有的AIS系统，无需部署地面站，可大幅提高数据更新速率。      

星载GPS几何法实时定轨有关问题的研究

首先讨论了星载GPS几何法实时定轨的绝对定位方法和各种差分技术。由于伪距差技术能克服GPS卫星的星历误差、卫星钟误差，特别是SA误差的影响，而且实现难度不大，所以应用它来实时定轨。实测数据的处理表明，它能明显提高定轨的精度。然后分析了星载GPS所受扰动影响的情况，对应用抗差估计削弱GPS卫星信号扰动的影响进行了试验，试验的结果说明抗差估计能进一步提高星载GPS几何法定轨的精度。     

卫星锐波束天线指向算法及仿真

推导了卫星锐波束天线指向算法,给出了简化计算模型和仿真结果。文章所给出的天线指向算法是在已知卫星轨道和姿态的基础上,计算锐波束天线指向点二维转动角度的公式,实现卫星动态过程对指向点的保持;通过仿真给出指向点精度和姿态精度的关系,给出自主生成控制函数的简化模型,同时也验证了该算法的正确性,算法可作为星上自主计算的依据。     

精密GPS卫星钟差的改正和应用

分析了GPS卫生钟差的变化特性，探讨了利用GPS地面跟踪站的观测数据估算GPS卫星钟差的可行性，建立了相应的算法和软件系统，并把由地面跟踪站的实测数据估算的卫星钟差用于星载GPS定轨计算，得到优于1m的定轨精度。     

载人航天器与伴随卫星间射频系统电磁兼容性分析方法

对载人航天器与伴随卫星间射频设备的电磁干扰问题进行了研究，根据射频系统的收发参数建立了电磁干扰安全裕度模型，分析了伴随卫星发射天线对载人航天器接收天线的等效干扰。从保证载人航天器与伴随卫星在轨电磁兼容的角度，得到了航天器间能够兼容工作的最小相对距离计算方法。研究结果表明，所提出的分析方法能够对伴飞任务航天器间的电磁干扰风险进行预测，可为飞行任务的顺利完成提供技术支持。     

基于GPS遥感的延迟映射接收机关键技术

全球卫星定位系统GPS(Global Positioning System)广泛应用于定位和导航,还可利用海面对GPS信号产生的散射效应进行微波遥感,是一种新型微波遥感手段.首先介绍了GPS海洋遥感测风技术产生背景及特点,给出了GPS散射信号测量技术理论基础,重点分析了延迟映射接收机设计中提高采样信号信噪比、双射频前端电路设计、计算反射点延迟、接收机工作模式、内嵌软件处理等5项关键技术.设计的延迟映射接收机样机在天津近海完成了首次搭载飞行试验,试验结果表明,延迟映射接收机可同时接收直射和海面散射卫星信号并输出导航定位解,正确计算镜面散射点码延迟,准确接收海面散射的GPS卫星信号,且散射信号信噪比达到了14.9 dB以上,接收机输出为反演海面风场提供了准确的基础数据,这种方式可推广到遥感探测陆地土壤湿度、海冰厚度、海浪高度等领域.      

同步式GPS欺骗干扰信号生成技术研究与设计

出于对"低、慢、小"无人机进行导航定位诱骗的实际需求，在实验室原有的异步生成式GPS欺骗干扰源的基础上，研制了一种小型化的同步生成式GPS欺骗干扰源。首先，在异步生成式GPS欺骗干扰源射频信号模型的基础上，考虑到干扰源信号处理延时、欺骗信号的传播延时、无人机上目标接收机所接收真实卫星信号状态以及无人机运动模型，建立了对同步欺骗信号仿真时间和状态参数进行精确计算的数学模型。其次，通过本地授时型接收机提供驯服后的基准时钟和秒脉冲（1PPS）信号，实现欺骗干扰信号与真实卫星信号系统时的同步，并通过高阶直接数字频率合成（DDS）技术精确控制信号参数、保证欺骗信号到达目标接收机接收天线相位中心时与真实信号的相位状态在成功诱骗所允许的误差范围之内。最后，通过商用接收机和无人机进行了实验验证，在无人机上目标接收机正常跟踪真实卫星信号的前提下，开启同步生成式GPS欺骗干扰源发射欺骗信号，能够使目标接收机逐渐偏离正常定位测速结果而产生受控的定位测速结果。结果验证了同步信号模型和所设计同步信号生成电路的正确性，且表明同步生成式GPS欺骗干扰源能够实现对商用接收机和无人机导航定位的诱骗。      

Precise orbit determination and precision comparison for FY3C and FY3D with receiver antenna GPS and BDS PCV using spaceborne BDS and GPS observation data

The FY3C and FY3D satellites were equipped with global navigation satellite occultation detector (GNOS) receivers that received both GPS and BDS-2 signals. For further improving precise orbit determination (POD) precisions, we estimated receiver GPS and BDS signal phase center variations (PCV) models with 2° and 5° resolutions and set the different weights for GPS and BDS-2 observations in the combined POD. The BDS-based POD precision using BDS-2 satellite antenna phase center offset (PCO) values from the China Satellite Navigation Office (CSNO) are not as accurate as those obtained from the International GNSS Service (IGS) Multi-GNSS experiments project (MGEX). The estimated receiver GPS and BDS PCV models with 2° and 5° resolutions were estimated from the GPS phase residuals of GPS-based POD and BDS phase residuals of combined POD, respectively. In most cases, the POD precisions using the estimated PCVs with 2° resolution are superior to those with 5° resolution. The precisions of the BDS-based POD and combined POD were both improved by introducing the receiver BDS PCV models. The weighting for GPS and BDS-2 observations can further improve the precision of the combined POD. The tested results of selected weights are better than those with equal weight in the combined POD. The experiment results show that orbital precisions of FY3C are worse than those of FY3D.     

一种基于自适应滤波的GPS滚转角估计方法

全球定位系统（GPS）测姿技术主要是利用GPS载波相位和信号功率2种方法，但是测量信息单一且独立，针对旋转载体的测姿问题，提出一种基于自适应滤波的GPS滚转角估计方法，通过融合GPS接收机天线信号功率和多普勒频率信息测量载体滚转角和滚转角速度。利用当前统计模型对滚转角和滚转角速度测量进行系统建模，根据滚转角预测估计值选取量测量，并提出自适应滤波，采用滚转角加速度估计自适应滤波算法，实现了对系统噪声方差阵的自适应调整，避免了滚转角加速度最值的选取问题，降低了噪声的影响。通过仿真验证了基于自适应滤波的GPS滚转角估计方法的可行性，结果表明该方法的测量精度高于无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）。      

2006年12月13日太阳射电暴对GPS观测的影响

日地空间环境不仅影响航天器运行和安全, 也是导航、定位和通信等无线 电应用系统主要的误差源. 其中来自太阳L波段的射电暴被认为是全球导航卫星 系统(GNSS)稳定和性能的潜在威胁因素, 当L波段射电爆发达到一定阈值时, 将给用户带来不同程度的射电噪声干扰, 严重时会引起接收机失锁和定位服务 中断. 本文对2006年12月13日太阳射电暴对GPS造成的影响进行了研究, 利用太阳射电 观测数据、L波段闪烁观测数据和向阳面不同区域的GPS观测网数据, 分析 GPS观测对射电暴的响应. 结果表明, 此次事件对GPS观测产生了明显的影响, 射 电暴期间GPS发生幅度闪烁事件和明显失锁现象, 多个台站上空的多颗GPS 卫星 信号完全中断长达6min左右, 且多个台站上空锁定的卫星数目小于4颗, 使 得GPS定位完全失效. 相对而言, 射电暴期间日下点附近的GPS台站受到的影响 比远离日下点的大.      

基于GPS与磁强计组合的姿态确定

提出了一种基于信息融合的姿态确定方法用于姿态确定。利用星上的GPS接收机和磁强计两种敏感的测量，基于广义卡于尔曼滤波理论及信息融合理论，发展了基于此两种敏感器的全局最优融合估计算法。来确定卫星的姿态和姿态角速度。并对处法进行了设计和仿真，通过与单独使用GPS确定姿态的算法进行对比分析。结果验证了该算法进行对比分析，结果验证了该算法的优越性。     

基于联合滤波器的高精度卫星定姿系统设计

设计了由陀螺、GPS姿态敏感器、红外地平仪和太阳敏感器构成的太阳同步极轨卫星姿态确定系统。提出联邦滤波器结构和算法,推导了各子系统的量测方程和姿态确定系统的误差状态方程。为规避对量测值进行非相关处理,采用减小GPS姿态敏感器输出的姿态滤波值作为系统滤波器量测值的频率的方法。仿真结果表明,采用联邦滤波器对多敏感器卫星姿态确定系统进行信息融合,具有计算量小、精度高、可靠性好等优点。     

Assessing attitude error of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites and its impact on orbit determination

An attitude determination and control system (ADCS) is critical to satellite attitude maneuvers and to the coordinate transformation from the inertial frame to the spacecraft frame. This paper shows specific sensors in the ADCS of the satellite mission FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) and the impact of the ADCS quality on orbit accuracy. The selection of main POD antenna depends on the beta angles of the different F3/C satellites (for FM2 and FM4) during the inflight phase. In particular, under the eclipse, alternative attitude sensors are activated to replace the Sun sensors, and such a sensor change leads to anomalous GPS phase residuals and a degraded orbit accuracy. Since the nominal attitude serves as a reference for ADCS, the 3-dimensional attitude-induced errors in reduced dynamic orbits over selected days in 2010 show 9.35, 10.78, 4.97, 5.48, 7.18, and 6.89 cm for FM1–FM6. Besides, the 3-dimensional velocity errors induced by the attitude effect are 0.10, 0.10, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, and 0.10 for FM1–FM6. We analyze the quality of the observed attitude transformation matrix of F3/C and its impact on kinematic orbit determination. With 249 days of GPS in 2008, the analysis leads to the following averaged 3-dimensional attitude-induced orbit errors: 2.72, 2.62, 2.37, 1.90, 1.70, and 1.99 cm for satellites FM1–FM6. Critical suggestions of geodetic payloads for the follow-on mission of F3/C are presented based on the current result.     

Multivariate bootstrapped relative positioning of spacecraft using GPS L1/Galileo E1 signals

GNSS-based precise relative positioning between spacecraft normally requires dual frequency observations, whereas attitude determination of the spacecraft, mainly due to the stronger model given by the a priori knowledge of the length and geometry of the baselines, can be performed precisely using only single frequency observations. When the Galileo signals will come available, the number of observations at the L1 frequency will increase as we will have a GPS and Galileo multi-constellation. Moreover the L1 observations of the Galileo system and modernized GPS are more precise than legacy GPS and this, combined with the increased number of observations, will result in a stronger model for single frequency relative positioning. In this contribution we will develop an even stronger model by combining the attitude determination problem with relative positioning. The attitude determination problem will be solved by the recently developed Multivariate Constrained (MC-) LAMBDA method. We will do this for each spacecraft and use the outcome for an ambiguity constrained solution on the baseline between the spacecraft. In this way the solution for the unconstrained baseline is bootstrapped from the MC-LAMBDA solutions of each spacecraft in what is called: multivariate bootstrapped relative positioning. The developed approach will be compared in simulations with relative positioning using a single antenna at each spacecraft (standard LAMBDA) and a vectorial bootstrapping approach. In the simulations we will analyze single epoch, single frequency success rates as the most challenging application. The difference in performance for the approaches for single epoch solutions, is a good indication of the strength of the underlying models. As the multivariate bootstrapping approach has a stronger model by applying information on the geometry of the constrained baselines, for applications with large observation noise and limited number of observations this will result in a better performance compared to the vectorial bootstrapping approach. Compared with standard LAMBDA, it can reach a 59% higher success rate for ambiguity resolution. The higher success rate on the unconstrained baseline between the platforms comes without extra computational load as the constrained baseline(s) problem has to be solved for attitude determination and this information can be applied for relative positioning.