基于动量轮转速标定的轨道控制方法研究

某地球同步三轴卫星因故障导致推力器工作效率不稳定,使得采用原有方案进行向西轨道控制时姿态变化大,控制准确度降低.针对上述问题,通过分析卫星用于姿态控制的偏置动量轮的控制规律,利用星体角动量守恒条件,建立了偏置动量轮转速变化与轨道半长轴变化之间的相关性数学模型,提出了一种改进的基于偏置动量轮转速标定的轨道控制方法,同时结合姿态的稳定变化制定了轨道控制实施方案,并将其应用于实际卫星轨道控制中,取得了良好的控制效果.改进的控制方法提高了轨道控制的准确率,使得半长轴误差幅度由最大60％提高到0.2％左右,增加了姿态的稳定性,使得俯仰姿态变化幅度由最大0.7°减小到0.2°左右,降低了控制风险,减轻了地面控制人员的负担.     

纳卫星变轨段质量矩姿态控制系统设计

提出应用质量矩控制技术实现纳卫星轨道机动过程中的姿态稳定控制。在设计出质量矩滑块构型后,利用动量和动量矩定理推导了八自由度(DOF)动力学模型,并根据动力学分析结果建立了简化控制模型。以此为基础,基于全局滑模控制理论设计了俯仰偏航通道姿态稳定和滑块位置跟踪的鲁棒控制器,并在参数不确定性条件下对控制系统进行了仿真,结果表明:所设计的二维质量矩控制系统能快速控制卫星姿态,并对系统扰动具有较强的鲁棒性,可以应用于纳卫星变轨段的姿态控制。     

同步轨道通信卫星天线覆盖图在轨测试方法

同步轨道通信卫星天线覆盖图在轨测试的目的是检验卫星入轨后上下行覆盖图与设计覆盖区域的一致性,以及太阳照射产生的天线热变形等因素对覆盖特性的影响。针对卫星上常用的固定赋形波束天线、区域波束天线和可移动点波束天线等类型的星载天线在轨测试问题,分析了几种在轨测试方法的原理,包括偏置卫星姿态法、转动天线平台法以及使用移动测量站的方法,提出了偏置卫星姿态法中融合转发器遥测参数判决和多站联合在轨测试的解决方案,有效解决了既要节省宝贵的燃料又要尽可能测量多条切线方向图的工程难题。对真星的固定赋形波束天线和可移动点波束天线进行了在轨测试,测试结果与实际特性吻合很好,验证了方法的可行性。最后,针对融合遥测参数判决的多站联合偏置卫星姿态法的测量不确定度进行了分析。     

基于自抗扰的无人机俯仰姿态控制

针对无人机俯仰姿态控制回路在模型参数和复杂外界环境等不确定性干扰影响下鲁棒性差、系统响应速度慢的问题,采用工程上易实现的自抗扰控制(ADRC)方法设计了俯仰姿态控制器,通过构造线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)估计不确定性干扰,并在控制回路中对干扰进行实时补偿.性能分析与仿真结果表明,基于ADRC的无人机俯仰姿态控制器具有良好的性能和干扰抑制能力,并且能够实现对控制指令的精确跟踪.     

筒式偏心在轨分离角速度抑制方法

筒式偏心在轨分离是一类特殊的在轨分离问题,小卫星偏心安装而产生的分离力矩将导致分离角速度,进而影响小卫星的分离指向精度,甚至导致释放平台姿态失稳。而常规的姿态大角速度机动、姿态快速稳定控制方法难以在小卫星出筒前的极短时间内完成分离角速度抑制。因此,进行了卫星筒式偏心在轨分离动力学分析,基于分离角速度的产生,提出了抑制分离姿态干扰的前馈控制力矩法和角速度预偏置法。在此基础上,推导了关键控制参数的近似计算公式,给出了控制量的优化求解方法,并分析了控制干扰因素对抑制结果的影响。最后,通过仿真算例分析,对比验证了两种抑制方法的有效性,并给出了其工程应用的建议。     

动量轮在轨状态可靠性贝叶斯网络建模与评估

卫星动量轮在轨运行环境复杂,并且无失效数据,难以利用传统方法进行可靠性建模与评估。为此,提出一种利用贝叶斯网络融合动量轮各种试验信息及轴温和电流等遥测数据的可靠性建模与评估方法。基于失效分析建立贝叶斯网络拓扑结构,根据试验数据估计网络参数,而后,通过贝叶斯网络的推理得到动量轮可靠度的点估计和区间估计,并利用在轨遥测数据实时评估动量轮可靠性,获得动量轮可靠性变化趋势比较明显的遥测数据取值区间。该方法对动量轮实时状态监控具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

采用 DGCMG 的空间站扰动辨识动量管理

研究长期在轨空间站的动量管理问题。针对动量管理过程中力矩平衡姿态的求解与稳定性进行分析，应用李亚普诺夫方法，给出一种考虑常值姿态干扰的动量管理控制方法，使用双框架控制力矩陀螺作为姿态控制执行机构，进行动量管理控制仿真。仿真结果表明该方法控制准确、收敛快速，可以作为空间站姿态控制的工程参考。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的动量轮故障检测方法

 动量轮作为卫星姿态控制系统的关键执行部件,对其故障检测对维持卫星的正常运行具有重要意义。首先对动量轮系统的故障进行分析,在建立动量轮线性离散状态空间模型的基础上,把动量轮的故障检测作为时变参数系统的跟踪来处理,将动量轮的模型参数作为扩展的状态空间中的状态量,使得动量轮物理模型参数与状态空间中的状态量有对应关系,通过在扩展了的状态空间上采用扩展的卡尔曼滤波,完成时变参数的跟踪。然后,将离散空间的状态量变换回连续空间中,利用物理参数与状态量的对应关系,实现对动量轮物理参数的跟踪。此方法物理意义明确,为系统的物理参数提供了定量的估计值,为进一步诊断故障原因提供了良好的基础。数值仿真表明,此方法能够通过同时检测多个故障参量,实现故障的检测并满足卫星实时性要求。     

基于机器学习的智能控制数值虚拟飞行方法

提出并实现了一种基于机器学习的PID智能控制策略下的数值虚拟飞行算法，结合Basic Finner导弹标准模型算例，对所提出算法进行了验证和评估分析，表明本文算法可行，并具有良好的应用前景。首先，搭建了一种基于重叠动网格技术的CFD/RBD耦合数值虚拟飞行仿真模型。针对Basic Finner导弹的标准工况进行了无控自由飞行状态的数值飞行模拟，并结合实验结果对所构建的数值虚拟飞行仿真算法进行了验证和评估，表明所采用的数值模拟算法可用于数值虚拟飞行环境下的智能控制参数设计与仿真评估；其次，结合数值虚拟飞行过程对飞行器气动、姿态和位移等参数的实时控制需求，提出了一种基于BP神经网络算法的PID参数在线学习的智能控制器，并针对Basic Finner导弹的俯仰通道，分别对传统PID控制策略和智能PID控制策略下的导弹自由释放后的俯仰角快速稳定控制过程、阶跃式和正弦式俯仰角输入下的导弹跟踪控制过程进行了数值虚拟飞行仿真模拟。研究表明，基于BP神经网络的PID智能控制器能够根据所获得的实时飞行参数，实现控制参数的在线学习和自我优化、调整，相比于传统PID控制器，对于不同输入工况表现出良好的适应性...     

激光微推进器用于微小卫星的姿轨控仿真

为研究激光微推进器用于微小卫星在轨空间飞行任务的可行性,利用已建立的激光推进微小卫星仿真平台,对微小卫星在轨姿态调整、轨道维持和轨道转移等飞行任务进行了仿真和分析。仿真结果表明,星载激光微推进器可满足在轨微小卫星的高控制精度姿态调整、近地观测轨道维持以及较长时间要求的轨道转移等空间任务对推进系统的要求。     

Momentum wheel start-up method for HAUSAT-2 ultra-small satellite

This paper addresses a newly proposed start-up method of the HAUSAT-2 satellite momentum wheel. The HAUSAT-2 is a 25 kg class nanosatellite which is stabilized to an earth pointing attitude by 3-axis active control method. A momentum wheel performs two functions. It provides a pitch-axis momentum bias while measuring satellite pitch and roll attitude. Pitch control is accomplished in a conventional way by driving a momentum wheel in response to pitch attitude errors. Precession control and nutation damping are provided by operating the pitch-axis magnetic torquer. A momentum wheel is nominally spinning at a particular rate, and speed changes are made as needed. Spinning the momentum wheel redistributes the angular momentum to the spacecraft body. If the wheel is suddenly spun up to its nominal speed, the large momentum produced together with the existing momentum due to the nominal rotational motions will result in a high disturbance and unstable motion. This simulation study investigates the feasibility and performance of a proposed strategy for starting-up the wheel. A proposed strategy to start-up the wheel shows that its pitch momentum wheel can start-up successfully to its nominal speed from rest, and can be stabilized to nadir pointing within about three orbits.     

Microsatellite combined attitude/energy systems

We have constructed a high-temperature super conductor-magnet momentum wheel for microsatellites and propose a micro high-temperature superconductor energy storage and attitude control system for nano/pico satellites. The momentum wheel for micro satellites has a mass of 1.1 kg with an angular momentum capacity of 3.5 J sec. It occupies a volume of 12.7 cm in diameter and 5 cm in height. It operates within the restricted power budget of a microsatellite with a total power supply of only 10 watts. It consumes less than 1 watt for sustenance. The micro high-temperature superconductor flywheel for nano/pico satellites has an angular momentum capacity of 0.083 Js and stores 2.32 kJ at 530 krpm. Its energy storage capacity is approximately 45 Wh/kg with an energy density of around 370 kJ/L. The HTS systems can perform the dual function of a power/attitude control system and are ideally suited for low Earth orbit energy storage, power generation, and attitude control of spacecraft.     

利用能量/动量飞轮的偏置动量姿态控制系统

研究偏置动量姿态控制系统中的集成能量与姿态控制问题。利用一对正 反转飞轮提供偏置角动量并同时储 /放能以满足星载设备的能源需求。滚动 /偏航运动由俯仰轴磁矩控制。设计了力矩形式的飞轮的控制律 ,使之提供期望的俯仰控制力矩 ,并以给定的功率储 /放能。保持两只飞轮正 反转可以完全避免飞轮控制律中的系统奇异。提出了利用动能反馈的飞轮储能功率规划方案 ,以使系统维持能量平衡 ,避免由于能量过剩引起的飞轮饱和。飞轮的最小转动惯量受最大偏置角动量和最小能量的限制 ,结合几何方法对这种限制条件进行了分析。数值仿真结果证明了控制方案的有效性。     

精确轨道航天器的姿态机动策略选择

航天器姿态控制一直是地面飞控的核心,尤其对于有精确轨道控制要求的航天器,姿态控制的策略选择直接关系任务成败。探月三期月地高速再入返回任务对再入角有着严格要求,为了实现返回器高精度再入,在系统介绍服务舱的姿态控制模式、控制方法和控制流程的基础上,提出了利用修改相平面参数和轮控调姿,以建立轨控姿态,从而减少姿控喷气,并提高轨控精度的方法。飞行结果表明,中途修正的控制精度从最初的分米量级提高至0.009m/s。高精度轨道控制使得提前32h再入角控制精度达到0.024°,较设计指标提高1个数量级。文中提及的轮控调姿方法可作为未来深空探测任务姿态控制的设计参考。     

Nonlinear adaptive spacecraft attitude control using solar radiation pressure

Spacecraft and interplanetary probes orbiting at high altitudes experience forces due to solar radiation pressure, which can be used for maneuvering. The question of large angle pitch attitude maneuvers of satellites using solar radiation torque is considered. For pitch axis maneuver, two highly reflective control surfaces are used to generate radiation moment. The solar radiation moment is a complex nonlinear function of the attitude and parameters of the satellite, the orbital parameters, and the deflection angles of the reflective control surfaces. It is assumed that the parameters of the satellite model are unknown. Based on a backstepping design technique, a nonlinear adaptive control law is derived for the control of the pitch angle. In the closed-loop system, the pitch angle asymptotically tracks prescribed reference trajectories. Simulation results are presented to show that the adaptive control system accomplishes attitude control of the satellite in spite of the parameter uncertainties in the system.     

Attitude control of a bias momentum satellite using moment ofinertia

Analysis on the attitude controller based upon moment of inertia distribution for a bias momentum satellite is discussed. Spacecraft moment of inertia distribution is represented in the form of product of inertia terms in the system inertia matrix. The product of inertia between orthogonal body axes of the satellite is used to build a controller which controls the nutational motion caused by the angular momentum of the wheel. The attitude controller in the pitch axis controlling the pitch motion as well as nutational dynamics in the roll/yaw planes is analyzed in detail. Analytic expressions using linearized equations are derived providing further insight into the dynamic coupling effect among orthogonal body axes     

现代飞机俯仰跟踪时诱发振荡预测分析

根据飞机纵向ＰＩＯ的特点，提出了预测分析ＰＩＯ所用的人－机闭环系统数学模型，其中飞机采用等效系统数学模型，驾驶员操纵采用ＭｃＲｕｅｒ模型，参数按地面人－机模拟飞行跟踪试验确定，集中介绍了四种飞机纵向ＰＩＯ预测准则，Ｓｍｉｔｈ－Ｇｅｄｄｅｓ准则，修正带宽准则，增益，相位裕度准则，Ｎｅａｌ－Ｓｍｉｔｈ原则，并提供了相应的计算方法。     

基于改进遗传算法的飞行控制律参数设计

在进行大包线飞行控制律设计中,需将飞行包线分为几个区域,针对各个区域设计线性控制律,采用多个线性控制律来近似替代所需的非线性控制律,本文中线性控制律采用PID控制结构,若用传统PID控制律参数整定方法,工作烦琐、设计时间长,而且控制效果不是很好,提出运用遗传算法优化控制律参数,并针对遗传算法局部寻优能力差、收敛速度差、易早熟等缺点,对其进行了几点改进,为提高鲁棒性,对其适应函数进行了设计,针对某机型某个区域的俯仰控制进行了PID控制律设计仿真,利用改进的遗传算法对其参数进行优化,结果表明,该方法在23代就能得到最优控制参数,而且使系统动态性能有了较明显的提高。     

Feedback linearization and solar pressure satellite attitudecontrol

The question of large angle pitch attitude maneuver of satellites using solar radiation pressure is considered. For pitch axis maneuver, two highly reflective control surfaces are used to generate radiation moment. Based on dynamic feedback linearization, a nonlinear control law is derived for large pitch attitude control. In the closed-loop system, the response characteristics of the pitch angle are governed by a fourth-order linear differential equation. Robustness of control system is obtained by the integral error feedback. Simulation results are presented to show that in the closed-loop system, attitude control of the satellite is accomplished in spite of the parameter uncertainty in the system     

Suggestion for aircraft flying qualities requirements of a short-range air combat mission

Owing to the lack of a direct link with the operations in short-range air combat,conventional aircraft flying qualities criteria are inappropriate to guide the design of a task-tailored flight control law.By applying the mission-oriented flying qualities evaluation approach,various aircraft with different control law parameters are evaluated on a ground-based simulator.This paper compares the evaluation results with several conventional flying qualities criteria,and discusses the appropriate parameter combination to reflect the flying qualities requirements of short-range air combat,The comparison and analysis show that a short-range air combat mission requires a higher minimum short period mode natural frequency and a smaller maximum roll mode time constant,and allows a lower minimum pitch attitude bandwidth and a higher maximum short period mode damp ratio than those of conventional flying qualities criteria.Furthermore,a combination of the pitch attitude bandwidth,the pitch attitude magnitude at the bandwidth frequency,and the pitch attitude transfer function gain can define the flying qualities requirements of short-range air com bat.The new metric can successfully predict the flying quality levels of aircraft in a short-range air combat mission.