基于小波域贝叶斯估计模糊萎缩的SAR图像降斑算法

提出了基于小波域高斯混合模型贝叶斯估计模糊萎缩的SAR图像降斑算法.该算法分析了SAR图像在平稳小波变换(SWT)域中的统计模型,并用高斯混合模型对其进行描述,推导出基于贝叶斯估计的信号最小均方误差(MMSE)的模糊萎缩因子.籍此再根据小波域相邻尺度间小波系数的相关性,采用分区域模糊萎缩思想,很好地得到无斑点真实信号小波系数的估计值.仿真结果表明该算法在大大抑制斑点噪声的同时,有效地保持了边缘,其性能优于改进Lee滤波、小波软阈值和SWT萎缩降斑算法.     

基于序列二次规划优化阈值的NSCT高斯噪声图像滤波方法

提出了一种基于序列二次规划(SQP)优化阈值的非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)图像高斯白噪声去除方法。该方法利用广义交叉验证(GCV)准则作为优化指标,使用序列二次规划算法对NSCT域的去噪阈值进行优化,能够在噪声方差等图像先验知识未知的情况下得到最优去噪阈值。确定阈值后,采用非线性阈值函数对Contourlet系数进行处理。实验结果表明与其他Contourlet域去噪方法相比,该方法能有效去除图像的高斯白噪声,提高图像的峰值信噪比,并较好地保留图像的边缘信息。     

基于Contourlet变换的图像去噪算法

针对小波变换不能有效地表示图像纹理和轮廓的缺陷,本文重点研究了基于Contourlet变换的图像去噪算法。首先对图像进行Contourlet变换,得到能量集中分布的变换系数,再对变换后的系数应用Bayes-Shrink去噪方法进行降噪处理,并分别比较了运用硬阈值方法和软阈值方法的处理效果。结果表明:基于Contourlet变换的图像去噪算法在峰值信噪比(PSNR)效果和去噪质量上都优于小波变换。     

一种平稳小波方向能量阈值滤波的SAR图像去噪方法

由于SAR图像相干斑噪声是非高斯分布的,无法直接采用光学成像系统的去噪技术处理,因此,目前还没有真正的理想算法广泛适用于SAR图像去噪.在分析目前流行的空频域去噪方法优缺点的基础上,提出了1种小波域SAR图像去噪方法.为了克服离散小波变换缺乏平移不变性及方向选择性受限的缺点,该方法利用平稳小波将图像分解为低频逼近信号和...     

基于变分理论的局部自适应高保真图像去噪算法

针对现有的图像去噪模型不能很好保留图像边缘及纹理的缺点,在变分理论的基础上提出了改进的局部自适应图像去噪算法,该算法基于图像局部特性计算保真参数,利用小波变换进行噪声方差估计,采用小的自适应窗确定保真参数,并利用该高保真去噪算法对叠加高斯噪声的图像进行了降噪处理,结果显示比全局变分采用最速下降自动选择保真参数的去噪效果要好,峰值信噪比(PSNR)在不同高斯噪声背景下都有0.2-0.5dB的提升。     

SAR图像舰船目标边缘检测

提出了一种在正则化基础上,利用小波变化实现合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像舰船目标边缘检测的新方法。传统的利用小波变换实现图像边缘检测时,阈值需要人为设定。针对这一问题,文章引入正则化超分辨技术,从贝叶斯框架下的估计问题出发,采用非二次正则化,平滑图像,保护强散射点目标,实现对 SAR图像进行去噪。利用小波变换的局部化特性和多尺度分析能力,检测突变信号,实现对舰船目标的边缘检测。该方法去噪效果好,边缘 定位准确,仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

改进的自适应阈值软硬折中Curvelet图像去噪技术

Curvelet变换是继小波变换和Ridgelet变换之后,更适合图像处理的一种多尺度变换,它能同时获得对图像平滑区域和边缘部分的稀疏表达,且具有很强的方向性。针对软阀值和硬阈值去噪方法存在的不足,提出了基于Curvelet变换域的软硬阈值折中去噪法,并采用不同的阈值自适应地对不同的Curvelet子带进行阈值化,实验结果表明该方法对图像中的边缘曲线特征有更好的复原。去噪后图像PSNR值更高,视觉效果更好。     

一种基于高阶统计量的SAR图像自聚焦算法

 提出了一种基于高阶统计量分析的相位误差估计算法,用于SAR 图像自聚焦。该算法从复图像域出发,通过循环移位及加窗处理孤立强点目标,利用高阶累积量对高斯噪声的抑制能力,在距离压缩相位历史域估计相位误差。由于避免了对加性噪声及干扰很敏感的差分运算,相位误差的估计结果有很好的鲁棒性。仿真及实测数据的处理结果证明了该算法的可行性。     

一种基于重叠子孔径回波信息的SAR图像配准算法

合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像配准是寻找多幅SAR图像之间的几何变换关系的过程，使不同图像校正到统一空间坐标系。传统光学图像配准方法，如尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）结合随机抽样一致（RANSAC）用于SAR图像配准时，由于受到乘性相干斑噪声的干扰，配准性能受到较大影响。提出一种基于重叠子孔径回波信息的SAR图像配准算法，在对SAR回波复数据进行成像处理的过程中，利用相位信息并结合子孔径自聚焦方法得到强相关的重叠子孔径图像，并利用多图像配准方法实现成像孔径内和孔径间的子孔径图像配准，提高图像配准精度。多个不同场景的实测数据处理结果表明：所提算法相比于SIFT+RANSAC算法，同名点数量增加，误匹配点对减少，均方根误差减小，对相干斑噪声具有较强的鲁棒性，配准效果得到了显著提高。     

基于图像域分块的条带SAR 自聚焦算法

文章针对条带合成孔径雷达,提出一种基于图像域分块的自聚焦算法。该算法在图像域进行方位向分子 块,采用图像偏移(MD)算法减小相位误差梯度的拼接误差,实现条带SAR图像的自聚焦处理。给出了算法流程, 讨论了算法的主要步骤及原理,并利用实测数据对算法进行了验证。实测数据处理结果表明该算法能有效改善条 带SAR图像质量。     

A Generalized Approach to Multiresolution Complex SAR Signal Processing

Multiresolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation has been proven to be beneficial in a variety of applications such as improved imaging and target detection as well as speckle reduction. SAR signal processing traditionally carried out in the Fourier domain has inherent limitations in the context of image formation at hierarchical scales. We present a generalized approach to the formation of multiresolution SAR images using biorthogonal shift-invariant discrete wavelet transform (SIDWT) in both range and azimuth directions. Particularly in azimuth, the inherent subband decomposition property of wavelet packet transform is introduced to produce multiscale complex matched filtering without involving any approximations. This generalized approach also includes the formulation of multilook processing within the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) paradigm. The efficiency of the algorithm in parallel form of execution to generate hierarchical scale SAR images is shown. Analytical results and sample imagery of diffuse backscatter are presented to validate the method.     

An improved multiple model GM-PHD filter for maneuvering target tracking

In this paper, an improved implementation of multiple model Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (MM-GM-PHD) filter is proposed. For maneuvering target tracking, based on joint distribution, the existing MM-GM-PHD filter is relatively complex. To simplify the filter, model conditioned distribution and model probability are used in the improved MM-GM-PHD filter. In the algorithm, every Gaussian components describing existing, birth and spawned targets are estimated by multiple model method. The final results of the Gaussian components are the fusion of multiple model estimations. The algorithm does not need to compute the joint PHD distribution and has a simpler computation procedure. Compared with single model GM-PHD, the algorithm gives more accurate estimation on the number and state of the targets. Compared with the existing MM-GM-PHD algorithm, it saves computation time by more than 30%. Moreover, it also outperforms the interacting multiple model joint probabilistic data association (IMMJPDA) filter in a relatively dense clutter environment.     

SAR image formation via semiparametric spectral estimation

A new algorithm, referred to as the SPAR (Semiparametric) algorithm, is presented herein for target feature extraction and complex image formation via synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The algorithm is based on a flexible data model that models each target scatterer as a two-dimensional (2-D) complex sinusoid with arbitrary unknown amplitude and constant phase in cross-range and with constant amplitude and phase in range. By attempting to deal with one corner reflector, such as one dihedral or trihedral, at a time, the algorithm can be used to effectively mitigate the artifacts in the SAR images due to the flexible data model. Another advantage of SPAR is that it can be used to obtain initial conditions needed by other parametric target feature extraction methods to reduce the total amount of computations needed. Both numerical and experimental examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm     

Advanced high-order nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm for high-resolution wide-swath spaceborne SAR

Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a well-established and powerful imaging technology that can provide high-resolution images of the Earth’s surface on a global scale. For future SAR systems, one of the key capabilities is to acquire images with both high-resolution and wide-swath. In parallel to the evolution of SAR sensors, more precise range models, and effective imaging algorithms are required. Due to the significant azimuth-variance of the echo signal in High-Resolution Wide-Swath (HRWS) SAR, two challenges have been faced in conventional imaging algorithms. The first challenge is constructing a precise range model of the whole scene and the second one is to develop an effective imaging algorithm since existing ones fail to process high-resolution and wide azimuth swath SAR data effectively. In this paper, an Advanced High-order Nonlinear Chirp Scaling (A-HNLCS) algorithm for HRWS SAR is proposed. First, a novel Second-Order Equivalent Squint Range Model (SOESRM) is developed to describe the range history of the whole scene, by introducing a quadratic curve to fit the deviation of the azimuth FM rate. Second, a corresponding algorithm is derived, where the azimuth-variance of the echo signal is solved by azimuth equalizing processing and accurate focusing is achieved through a high-order nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm. As a result, the whole scene can be accurately focused through one single imaging processing. Simulations are provided to validate the proposed range model and imaging algorithm.     

基于MAP估计和广义高斯分布的SAR图像边缘比率检测方法

 合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的低信噪比和乘性相干斑噪声给SAR图像的边缘检测带来了极大的困难.通过引入广义高斯(GG)分布作为局部均值功率的先验分布模型,给出了局部均值功率在最大后验概率(MAP)意义下的最优估计,进而提出一种新的SAR图像边缘比率检测算子.利用以梅林变换为基础的对数累积量(MoLC)方法估计GG分布的参数,在此基础上给出一种局部均值功率MAP估计和GG分布参数估计的联合迭代求解方法.利用SAR实测数据对本文提出的边缘检测算子进行仿真验证,并将其与平均比率(RoA)算子和指数加权均值比(ROEWA)算子进行了对比,结果表明该算子可以有效克服相干斑噪声的影响,边缘定位准确且虚假边缘明显减少.     

保持弱细结构特征的SAR图象模拟退火重构方法

模拟退火 ( SA)算法最先由 White R G.用于合成孔径雷达 ( SAR)图象的降斑处理。该算法在重构均匀区域和强结构区效果有很大提高 ,但也有缺点 ,尤其是过分模糊弱细结构。本文提出了一种改进的方法 ,在 SA算法中融入了边沿检测和增强步骤 ,使弱细结构得以增强并在退火过程中保持。为配合此方法 ,采用平稳下降的指数温度规划取代对数形式。通过仔细调整算法过程 ,可使新方法保留 SAR图象中的很多细小结构 ,而不使其他均匀的和强结构场景性能恶化 ,同时也没有引入其他缺陷。改进的算法更加适于中、低分辨率的 SAR图象降斑处理     

基于方向可控金字塔的图像融合算法

为克服传统正交小波变换在进行图像融合时存在的不足,提出了一种基于方向可控金字塔的图像融合算法。首先对待融合图像进行方向可控金字塔分解,对分解后的低频分量采用平均和选择相结合的方法进行融合,对各方向的高频分量则使用像素绝对值选大的规则进行融合,最后对融合后的低频分量和高频分量进行方向可控金字塔重构得到融合图像。仿真试验表明算法能够得到质量较高的融合图像,同时,熵、平均梯度和空间频率等客观评价指标也较平均法和基于小波变换的图像融合算法有所提高,是一种有效的图像融合算法。     

Super resolution SAR imaging via parametric spectral estimationmethods

Super resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation via sophisticated parametric spectral estimation algorithms is considered. Parametric spectral estimation methods are devised based on parametric data models and are used to estimate the model parameters. Since SAR images rather than model parameters are often used in SAR applications, we use the parameter estimates obtained with the parametric methods to simulate data matrices of large dimensions and then use the fast Fourier transform (FFT) methods on them to generate SAR images with super resolution. Experimental examples using the MSTAR and Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) data illustrate that robust spectral estimation algorithms can generate SAR images of higher resolution than the conventional FFT methods and enhance the dominant target features     

基于CZT的机载并行双站斜视SAR成像算法

建立了机载并行双站斜视合成孔径雷达(SAR)的几何模型,给出了雷达回波的数学表达式,推导了它的二维频谱并对其特点做了分析。在二维频域内,先用聚焦函数对观测场景中心的点目标做精确成像,然后用Chirp-Z变换(CZT)校正中心点两侧目标回波的距离徙动,再通过方位向逆傅里叶变换得到了雷达图像。该算法利用了CZT能够处理非线性调频信号的特点,简化了处理过程,提高了计算效率和成像精度。仿真实验验证了这种基于CZT的新算法在处理并行双站斜视SAR数据时的有效性。