Microstructure and Properties of Low-pressure Cold Sprayed Al-based Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy Surface

Pure Al and Al-30% Al2O3 composite coatings are prepared on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy by low-pressure cold spraying. The morphology and structure of the coatings are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the effects of the addition of Al2O3 on the microstructure of the Al-based coatings are discussed. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coatings are fully evaluated by the micro-hardness tester, electronic tensile machine, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the coating structure is more uniform and denser, and the porosity is significantly reduced after the addition of Al2O3. The interfaces between the coatings and the magnesium alloy substrate are distinct, and the coatings and the substrate are mechanically combined. Compared with the pure Al coating, the microhardness of the Al-Al2O3 composite coating is increased to 61.1 HV0.2, and the bonding strength reaches above 53.1 MPa. The self-corrosion potential of the two coatings is higher than that of the magnesium alloy, and the self-corrosion current density is significantly lower than that of the magnesium alloy substrate. The Al-based coatings prepared by low-pressure cold spraying have high hardness, good bonding strength, and good corrosion resistance, which can be used for the repair and protection of magnesium alloy structural parts.     

Effect of Isothermal Forging on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr Alloy

Aiming at the problems of poor plastic forming ability， narrow forging temperature range， and strain rate sensitivity of rare earth magnesium alloys， a study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy with different isothermal forging processes is carried out. The microstructure and properties of the alloy in the as-cast， isothermal forged， and post-aging states after forging are studied with optical microscope (OM)， scanning electron microscope (SEM)， and tensile testing. The results show that significant dynamic recrystallization occurs during the isothermal forging process， a fine equiaxed grain structure is formed， and the mechanical properties of the alloy are greatly improved. When the isothermal forging temperature is 460 ºC and the strain rate is 0.02 s－1， the alloy structure performance is the best， the room temperature tensile yield strength (TYS) is 218 MPa， the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is 299 MPa， and the fracture elongation (FE) is 19.2%. When the alloy is post-forging artificial aged， the α-Mg matrix is dispersed， the Mg5(Gd，Y) phase is precipitated， the UTS of the alloy is increased to 392 MPa， and the FE is reduced to 12.0%.     

Hot Tearing Behavior of Mg-Gd-Y-X Alloys

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy castings are widely used in the aerospace field owing to their high strength and excellent creep resistance. The castability of these alloys is also an important consideration for engineering application. Thus， the hot tearing susceptibilities (HTSs) of Mg-10Gd-1Y-1Zn-0.5Zr (VW91) alloy and Mg-10Gd-2Y-1Zn-0.5Zr (VW92) alloy are investigated with a constrained rod casting (CRC) mold. The microstructures and fracture surface are characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results unveil that the HTS of VW92 alloy is lower than that of VW91 alloy. The microstructures indicate that obvious tears can be observed in VW91 alloy， while the tears in VW92 alloy are tiny. The tear feeding and healing by eutectic are also observed in VW91 and VW92 alloys. Therefore， the lower hot tearing susceptibility of VW92 alloy is mainly attributed to the high amount of eutectic which feeds and heals tears. Besides， the effects of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the fluidity of VW91 and VW92 alloys on their HTSs are discussed.     

Research on Residual Stress Measurement of Magnesium Alloy Cabin Castings

Owing to the nonuniform wall thickness and complex internal structure， the measurement of the residual stress on magnesium alloy cabin castings is complex and difficult extremely， and thus seldom research has focused on the residual stress of magnesium alloy castings. In this paper， the blind-hole method， the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method， and the contour method are used to conduct comprehensive and systematic residual stress tests for a magnesium alloy cabin casting. The results show that the residual stress on the surface of the casting obtained by the blind-hole method is between -20.03 MPa and -71.03 MPa， the residual stress obtained by the XRD method is between -26.01 MPa and -87.11 MPa， while the residual stress obtained by the contour method is between -45.89 MPa and 76.87 MPa. The study can lay a basis for the subsequent research of magnesium alloy cabin castings， and provide a reference for the residual stress test of magnesium alloy castings.     

Analysis on the Bonding Failure Mechanism of High Modulus Carbon Fiber Composites

In order to explore the bonding failure mechanism of high modulus carbon fiber composite materials， the tensile experiment and finite element numerical simulation for single-lap and bevel-lap joints of unidirectional laminates are carried out， and the stress distributions， the failure modes， and the damage contours are analyzed. The analysis shows that the main reason for the failure of the single-lap joint is that the stress concentration of the ply adjacent to the adhesive layer is serious owing to the modulus difference， and the stress cannot be effectively transmitted along the thickness direction of the laminate. When the tensile stress of the ply exceeds its ultimate strength in the loading process， the surface fiber will fail. Compared with the single-lap joint， the bevel-lap joint optimizes the stress transfer path along the thickness direction， allows each layer of the laminate to share the load， avoids the stress concentration of the surface layer， and improves the bearing capacity of the bevel-lap joint. The improved bearing capacity of the bevel-lap joint is twice as much as that of the single-lap joint. The research in this paper provides a new idea for the subsequent study of mechanical properties of adhesively bonded composite materials.     

Microstructure and Property Analysis of AerMet100 Steel Manufactured by In-situ Rolling Mixed Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

AerMet100 steel thick wall is fabricated by in-situ rolling composite wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The microstructure and mechanical properties of AerMet100 steel after heat treatment are studied. The results show that after the introduction of in-situ rolling force， the grain of AerMet100 steel is broken， the anisotropy is eliminated， and the microstructure is refined obviously. The microstructure of AerMet100 steel after heat treatment is mainly lath martensite and reverse austenite. There are 40 nm?68.6 nm alloy carbides precipitated in the martensitic matrix， and the hardening mechanism is mainly Orowan bypass strengthening. The film-like reverse austenite with the thickness ranging from 2 nm to 5 nm exists between the martensitic lath， which improves the toughness of the maraging steel. Good combination of strength and toughness can be achieved through proper heat treatment process.     

Thermal Polymerization of Cyanate Ester-Benzoxazine：Study of a Functional Model Compound

A novel benzoxazine (BOZ) monomer is synthesized by a pot method with solvent-free to blend with cyanate ester (CE). A soluble intermediate is obtained after being cured for 20 h at 80 ℃. The two model compound and the blends are analyzed with the infrared radiation (IR)， nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy， and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that an intermediate of the iminocarbonate and BOZ structures is formed by the ring-open BOZ reacting with the cyanate groups and ring-unopened BOZ. Moreover， rearrangement and ring-opening occur in the postcure of the intermediate to form the alkyl isocyanurate structure with polybenzoxazine.     

Fabrication and Investigation on Double-Hollow Shell CoFe Oxide@TiO2 Nanocube with Superior Electromagnetic Properties

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials are urgently required in the fields of medicine, communication, and military. However, the thickness, weight, narrow effective bandwidth, and weak absorbing ability of the materials restrict their further application. In this work, a double-layer hollow nanocube with a dielectric titanium dioxide (TiO2) shell and a magnetic CoFe oxide inner shell is prepared. Prussian blue (PB) is prepared by the hydrothermal method, and used as the template to prepare PB@CoFe PB analogue (PBA). After selective etching and further calcination, hollow CoFe oxide particles are obtained. The obtained particles are then coated with SiO2 and TiO2, respectively, and the intermediate layer is dislodged to obtain the final CoFe oxide@TiO2 with the hollow double shell structure. The obtained double-layer hollow structure can effectively capture the incident electromagnetic waves, and increase the propagation path. Moreover, the obvious enhancement of interface polarization and the improvement of impedance matching enhance the wave absorbing ability of the material. The analysis results show that, the structure is stable and the dispersion is good. The maximum reflection loss (RL) at 10 GHz is as high as -46.1 dB with the sample thickness of 1.6 mm. The light-weight and high-efficiency CoFe oxide@TiO2 absorber is promised to be used in commercial and military aerospace fields.     

Repair Welding of Casting Magnesium Alloys： A Review

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, national defense, and military industries, owing to their advantages of high specific strength and stiffness, good damping properties, and excellent castabilities. However, defects such as oxidation inclusions, shrinkage cavities and porosities, and hot cracks are readily generated in Mg alloy components, which seriously reduce the performance stability of the products. Related repair welding technologies for Mg alloys can greatly reduce the rejection rate and production cost, and exhibit significant value in scientific research and engineering application. In this review, the weldability of Mg alloys is introduced firstly according to their physical and chemical properties. Then, various repair welding technologies and pre-weld treatments applicable to Mg alloys are systematically summarized, and the effects of welding parameters as well as heat treatments on the microstructure and performance of the repaired joints are clarified. Finally, the existing problems and development trends of repair welding technologies for Mg alloys are summarized based on the actual engineering application requirements.     

Linear Shaped Charge Cutting Property and Charge Cutting Mechanism of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn Alloy

The linear shaped charge cutting technology is an effective technology for aircraft separation. It can separate invalid components from aircrafts timely to achieve light-weight. Magnesium alloy is the lightest metal material, and can be used to cast effective light-weight components of an aircraft construction. However, the application study of the linear shaped charge cutting technology on magnesium alloy components is basically blank. In response to the demand for the linear separation of magnesium alloys, the Mg-12Gd-0.5Y-0.4Zn alloy is selected to carry out the target shaped charge cutting test. The effects of the shaped charge line density, cutting thickness, and mechanical properties on the cutting performance of the alloy are studied. The shaped charge cutting mechanism is analyzed through the notch structure. The results show that the linear shaped charge cutting performance is significantly affected by the penetration and the collapse. The higher the linear density is, the stronger the ability of the linear shaped charge cutter is, and the greater the penetration depth is, which is advantageous. However, the target structure will be damaged when it is too large (e.g., 4.5 g?m-1). Within 12 mm, when the cutting thickness of the target increases, the penetration depth increases. The lower the tensile strength is, the greater the penetration depth is, and the more conducive the penetration depth to the shaped charge cutting is. When the elongation (EL) increases to 12%, the collapse of the target is incomplete and the target cannot be separated. When the tensile strength of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloy is less than 350 MPa, the EL is less than 6.5%, the cutting thickness is less than 12 mm, and the linear shaped charge cutting of the magnesium alloy can be achieved stably.     

GAP基含能聚氨酯弹性体包覆RDX的研究

为了以较小的能量损失获得低感度的包覆RDX,采用液相沉淀法,以GAP基含能聚氨酯弹性体对RDX进行了包覆研究。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、有机元素分析、感度测试、流散性测试等方法对包覆样品进行了表征。结果表明,包覆样品颗粒表面有明显包覆层存在,颗粒流散性较包覆前有所提高,包覆度R为72.5%,包覆层质量分数为0.98%,与投料值1%基本相当;热分解峰温较包覆前有所降低;包覆样品的FTIR谱图中在2 100 cm-1附近含有明显的—N3吸收峰,且峰形尖锐;以1%GAP基聚氨酯弹性体包覆的RDX的特性落高从包覆前的25.6 cm提高到47.9 cm,增加近1倍;摩擦感度爆炸百分数从72%下降到40%。     

硼粉的包覆及含包覆硼推进剂燃烧残渣成分分析

采用多种包覆剂对硼粉颗粒表面进行包覆,利用透射电镜、酸度计研究各种包覆剂对包覆硼粉的影响,采用化学分析法对含包覆硼推进剂的燃烧残渣成分进行了分析。结果表明,经包覆剂包覆后,在硼粉的表面形成了一层包覆层;包覆后硼粉加水悬浊液体系的pH值明显增大,并适合于含硼富燃料推进剂的制药工艺;包覆后硼粉的燃烧效率明显提高。     

涂层电子束重熔对裂纹的影响及控制

由于涂层电子束重熔技术自身的特点,涂层重熔处理后材料表面极易形成裂纹,已成为阻碍电子束重熔技术工业化应用的主要障碍之一。为解决此问题,加快推动涂层电子束重熔技术的工业化应用,本文综述了国内外涂层电子束重熔的研究进展,着重介绍了涂层电子束重熔裂纹的产生机理及防治措施,并针对目前涂层电子束重熔技术面临的问题提出了解决途径。     

长寿命卫星热控涂层性能退化及其对卫星热特征的影响

分析了卫星热控涂层在轨运行时所面临的复杂的空间辐照环境,在国 内外试验数据的基础上,给出了热控涂层在空间辐照环境作用下的退化模型,得到了退化前 后热控涂层光学性能变化的表达式,预测了几种常用热控涂层在空间环境下的退化结果。并 以一颗地球同步轨道模拟星为例,分析热控涂层性能退化对卫星热特征尤其是对卫星红外辐 射特性的影响。
     

偶联涂层处理对APMOC/环氧复合材料层间剪切性能的影响

介绍了溶剂、硅烷偶联剂浓度、含胶量等对APMOC/环氧层间剪切强度(ILSS)影响的研究结果,并初步探讨了其改性机理和涂层厚度控制的一些问题。     

Fe基粉末与Fe基＋AL2O3复合粉末热喷涂层性能的对比研究

本文章对Fe基粉末与Fe基 AL2O3复合粉末的热喷涂涂层性能进行对比研究，结果表明：Fe基 AL2O3复合粉末的热喷涂涂层硬度、耐蚀性较高，但Fe基粉末喷涂层的厚度、均匀性和连续性更好些。     

固液捆绑火箭热振防护涂层及其防热性能评价

固液捆绑火箭的高温喷焰、固体粒子冲蚀和随机振动相互耦合，对火箭尾部结构造成恶劣的“热振”环境。本文自主研发一种短切碳纤维增强甲基硅橡胶复合烧蚀涂层用于抵抗热振环境。首先，通过廉价的甲基硅橡胶取代昂贵的苯基硅橡胶作为成膜剂从而较大程度降低成本;其次，采用60%孔隙率和80 MPa抗压强度的氧化锆陶瓷微球补强隔热层，引入高比表面积的螺旋状陶瓷纤维强化增韧烧蚀层，利用近红外波段发射率为0.85的MoSi2弥合辐射层的裂纹。经地面热振试验对比分析显示，提出的热振涂层试片背温较主流烧蚀涂层降低约45 ℃，质量烧蚀率降低约38.5%，经过长征六号甲运载火箭的首飞试验验证，该热振涂层具有良好的热振防护性能。     

固体发动机钢制件在海洋环境下的防腐研究

对局部表面等离子喷涂氧化锆的固体火箭发动机钢质金属件在海洋环境（高热、高湿、含盐雾）的防腐方法进行了研究。筛选了喷管扩张段的防腐材料及工艺，进行了模拟海洋环境条件下的试验比较及热试车考核，推荐了一种实用、简便而有效的防腐方法，即在氧化锆喷涂层表面涂覆８２３涂料作为封闭剂，其余表面镀镉。     

空间含镀层薄膜天线应力均匀化分析与验证

针对空间大尺度含镀层薄膜天线建模中尚未涉及镀层对应力均匀性影响的问题,以及双轴张拉试验装置施加拉力不均、薄膜平面度不足的问题,开展了空间含镀层薄膜天线应力均匀化研究。首先,进行了含镀层薄膜单元的力学建模,用经典层合板理论推导了含镀层薄膜区域的力学特性参数(杨氏模量和泊松比);其次,为了获得建模所必需的薄膜基底和镀层两个组分的力学特性参数,开展了均载薄膜双轴张拉试验,分别测得了镀层和薄膜的杨氏模量和泊松比;然后,在力学建模的基础上,分析了平面薄膜天线设计参数对应力均匀性的影响,得出了薄膜面积、厚度、边荷载、薄膜材料对应力均匀性的影响规律;以薄膜内应力标准差最小为优化目标,对空间大尺度含镀层薄膜天线进行了优化设计,使优化后的薄膜内应力标准差减小为优化前的4.6%;最后,对蠕变抑制效果进行了仿真校验,优化后的薄膜结构工作10年时蠕变导致的位移减小为优化前的27.6%,优化设计对空间大尺度薄膜的蠕变起到了有效的抑制作用。     

固体发动机用隔热涂料增强改性研究

为了提高固体发动机用隔热涂料的强度,在对隔热涂料特性分析的基础上,分别采用3,3-二氯-4,4-二胺基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)与端异氰酸酯基聚丁二烯(ITPB)预聚和环氧树脂与ITPB预聚2种方法对原有涂料进行了增强改性,并分析了溶剂对涂料强度的影响。结果表明,隔热涂料的固化反应主要是ITPB的异氰酸酯基与MOCA的氨基发生一级反应形成线性高分子,高分子中的硬段和软段在固化过程发生相分离现象使涂料具有良好的韧性和一定的强度。采用2种预聚方法均能提高隔热涂料的强度,同时,适当增加二甲苯含量也有利于提高隔热涂料的强度。