30CrMnSiA缺口试样低周疲劳寿命研究

缺口会导致严重的应力集中,并降低结构的使用寿命,研究缺口部位的低周疲劳寿命具有重要意义。基于弹塑性全量理论建立30CrMnSiA材料的弹塑性本构关系,采用损伤力学-有限元法预测30CrMnSiA材料缺口试样的低周疲劳寿命,并与相应的试验结果进行对比。结果表明:基于弹塑性全量理论建立的弹塑性本构关系方法合理,采用损伤力学方法得到的疲劳寿命预测结果基本满足工程实际要求,该方法可用来对30CrMnSiA缺口试样进行低周疲劳寿命预测。     

FGH97粉末高温合金缺口试样小裂纹闭合特性数值模拟

采用有限元方法研究了FGH97粉末高温合金缺口试样小裂纹的塑性诱导裂纹闭合效应,分析了网格单元尺寸、缺口形式及外载大小、应力比和本构模型对裂纹闭合的影响,同时采用Walker公式计算裂纹扩展速率,并和试验结果进行对比以考察有限元方法的准确性。结果表明:当前塑性区尺寸大于10倍裂纹尖端网格单元尺寸时,裂纹闭合程度会趋于收敛;缺口形式在裂纹闭合未稳定前会产生影响,外载荷将决定闭合程度的稳定值;应力比的增大会降低裂纹闭合程度直至消失;相对于理想弹塑性本构模型,多线性弹塑性本构模型对网格的依赖性较低。缺口试样小裂纹扩展试验结果表明:考虑裂纹闭合效应之后,裂纹扩展速率计算结果与试验符合良好。      

延性材料断裂准则与平面应变断裂韧度

延性材料的临界断裂规律对结构完整性评价和金属塑性成形分析具有重要意义,但相关的弹塑性断裂强度研究长期存在瓶颈。本文针对30Cr2Ni4MoV低压转子钢和3Cr13不锈钢,完成了不同应力三轴度的4类试样拉伸破坏试验,基于FAT （Finite-element-analysis Aided Testing）方法,通过有限元迭代分析实现试样的载荷-位移关系逼近,进而获得材料直至断裂的全程等效应力-应变关系,并以此通过有限元正向分析获取4种试样的临界断裂阈值和临界应力三轴度,提出了基于临界断裂单元的应力三轴度与第一主应力阈值之间的对数型断裂强度准则。结果表明,2种材料、4类试样的FAT阈值分析结果与断裂强度准则符合良好。最后,基于断裂强度准则提出了依据I型裂纹尖端的应力分布预测材料平面应变启裂断裂韧度的新方法,并获得了30Cr2Ni4MoV低压转子钢和3Cr13不锈钢的平面应变启裂断裂韧度,结合临界断裂准则和裂纹静态扩展机理,提出了I型裂纹的材料J阻力曲线的理论预测方法,并给出了30Cr材料的预测结果。     

基于内聚力模型的改性双基推进剂断裂特性研究

为了研究改性双基推进剂的Ⅰ型断裂性能,进行了该推进剂材料的三点弯曲试验及单轴拉伸试验,初步获取了材料的断裂强度及断裂能参数。基于内聚力模型构建材料断裂本构方程,应用于三点弯曲断裂有限元仿真分析,得到仿真加载点载荷-位移曲线,并采用反演优化算法对内聚参数进行修正,获取最终准确模型参数。为验证模型准确性,进行了不同初始裂纹长度下的三点弯曲试验及仿真。结果表明模型能够较好地描述实际裂纹扩展过程中的载荷-位移特性及裂纹扩展特性,仿真结果与试验结果误差小于7.6%,证明该模型的有效性。     

基于大变形蠕变分析的持久寿命预测方法

提出一种基于真应力真应变弹塑性蠕变本构模型和大变形有限元分析的高温构件持久寿命预测方法.该方法利用以真应力-真应变表示的材料高温拉伸应力-应变曲线建立材料的弹塑性模型,基于蠕变曲线建立蠕变本构模型,并采用大变形有限元方法计算高温构件在给定载荷下的变形响应曲线,根据其响应曲线的变化趋势来确定构件持久寿命.通过TC11钛合金缺口试件500℃下的持久试验对上述方法进行验证,并与三种基于小变形分析的持久寿命预测方法进行对比.结果表明:本工作提出的方法可以较准确地预测TC11缺口试件的高温蠕变响应和持久寿命,其预测精度优于基于关键点断裂应变、缺口净截面平均有效应力以及骨点应力的小变形有限元分析的寿命预测方法.     

考虑应力松弛的缺口疲劳寿命预测方法

为了能够快速准确获得循环载荷条件下缺口局部应力应变并用于缺口疲劳寿命预测,基于粘塑性本构方程及光滑试样循环应力应变试验结果,发展了一种应力应变简化计算方法,采用该方法计算得到的光滑试样循环应力应变结果与试验结果的误差在5%以内,并将该方法结合寿命预测方程采用迭代的方式用于粉末高温合金FGH97单边圆形缺口试样疲劳寿命预测。结果表明:所发展的方法充分考虑了FGH97合金单边圆形缺口试样缺口根部区域的应力松弛,取得了较好的寿命预测结果,其分散带基本在2倍以内。     

C250钢漏斗试样扭转低周疲劳研究

通过轴向循环拉压实验获得漏斗试样载荷-位移(P-V)曲线,并基于该曲线和有限元反演分析方法获得了材料的循环本构关系。利用该循环本构关系对漏斗试样进行三维扭转有限元分析,获得漏斗根部剪切应力与扭矩之间的转换公式,及漏斗根部剪切应变与名义扭角之间的转换公式,实现了漏斗试样扭转低周疲劳的研究。应用该方法,完成了C250钢漏斗试样常温下一条曲线的扭转低周疲劳实验,揭示了C250钢的疲劳行为,并给出了该材料的Manson-Coffin寿命预测模型。     

薄壁结构焊接接头CTOD试验分析

设计测试薄壁结构平面应力断裂韧性的三点弯曲测试试样,应用于GH4169焊接接头CTOD测试试验。采用光学金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察分析各试样的裂纹扩展形貌和断口形貌。依据BS7448标准的规定分析CTOD测试过程有效性。结果表明,采用设计三点弯曲试样进行的GH4169焊接接头CTOD测试过程是有效的;GH4169母材的断裂韧性较好,裂纹为延性起裂特性;GH4169焊缝和熔合区的断裂韧性较差,裂纹为脆性起裂特性。     

基于多线性本构与损伤耦合的叠层陶瓷基复合材料数值预测方法

本文提出一种用于预测复杂应力状态下叠层C/SiC损伤破坏的有限元渐进损伤方法（FE-PDM），并提出与试验载荷—位移曲线、损伤等进行对比、迭代并最终确定模型参数的反演方法。FE-PDM方法包括基于应变控制的3D失效准则，正交各向异性多线性本构关系，基于刚度矩阵的损伤因子耦合方法，以及预测分层的内聚力方法。通过2D叠层C/SiC的面内拉伸、面内剪切、三点弯曲试验分别验证了FE-PDM方法，并分别采用扫描电子显微镜及X射线技术对试样断口形貌和内部损伤进行了分析。结果表明，通过较少的控制参数，FE-PDM方法可精确地预测2D叠层C/SiC各阶段的应力—应变曲线拐点、损伤起始与演化过程及载荷—位移响应曲线等，并与试验结果吻合良好。     

聚合物PA66直至断裂的全程单轴本构关系研究

基于有限元辅助测试方法(Finite element aided testing,FAT)对新型聚合物PA66开展了直至破坏的全程单轴本构关系的研究。另外,将VIC-3D光测所得的试样表面应变场结果与有限元模拟结果进行对比,表明通过FAT方法获得的聚合物PA66全程单轴本构关系结果准确有效。最后给出了聚合物PA66的全程单轴本构关系曲线,给出了对应Chaboche本构关系模型的参数、材料临界破断应力、破断应变、应力三轴度等,并对试样的破断机理进行了分析。     

Residual stress indentation model based on material equivalence

A novel residual stress indentation model for conical indentation loading is proposed to describe the relationship between the residual stress, material constitutive parameters, load, and displacement for materials with a uniaxial constitutive relationship that obeys Hollomon’s power law (H-law). The novel model was established based on the principle that the equivalent material without residual stress corresponds to the original material with residual stress, conical indentation theoretical model based on energy density equivalence, and an assumed power-law relationship between the dimensionless residual stress and relative difference of the yield stresses of the equivalent material and original material. Sixty imaginary H-law materials with ten equibiaxial and ten uniaxial residual stresses were investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The residual stresses predicted by the novel model from the indentation load–displacement curves simulated for the imaginary materials are in close agreement with those applied by the FEA. Finally, indentation tests for Cr12MoV steel, 45 steel, and 6061-T6511 aluminum alloy were carried out on their specimens without residual stress and their bending specimens with equibiaxial and uniaxial residual stresses. The residual stresses predicted by the novel model according to the indentation load–displacement test curves are in good agreement with those applied by the tests.     

A new approach on necking constitutive relationships of ductile materials at elevated temperatures

A new method is presented to determine the full-range, uniaxial constitutive relationship of materials by tensile tests on funnel specimens with small curvature radius and finite element anal-ysis (FEA). An iteration method using FEA APDL (ANSYS parametric design language) program-ming has been developed to approach the necking constitutive relationship of materials. Test results from SAE 304 stainless steel at room temperature show that simulated load vs displacement curve, diameter at funnel root vs displacement curve, and funnel deformation contours are close to mod-eled results. Due to this new method, full-range constitutive relationships and true stress and effec-tive true strain at failure are found for 316L stainless steel, TA17 titanium alloy and A508-III stainless steel at room temperature, and 316L stainless steel at various elevated temperatures.     

Semi-analytical model for flat indentation of metal materials and its applications

The increasing use of small material components in a wide range of industrial fields necessitates the development of an accurate and robust indentation testing method. To this end, this paper proposes an Energy-density-equivalence for a Flat Indentation (E-FI) model based on the energy density equivalent principle. The proposed model describes the relationships among the material parameters of Hollomon’s power law (H-law), flat indenter diameter, energy, and indentation displacement. An E-FI Method (E-FIM) that determines the H-law parameters of materials through the indentation test is also developed. The energy-displacement curves forward-predicted by the E-FI model (based on known H-law parameters of materials) and the H-law parameters of materials given by the E-FIM (based on known energy-displacement curves) are consistent with the results of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and the H-law parameters of materials used as the input for FEA, respectively. Using E-FIM, the goodness of fit for both stress–strain curves with H-law, predicted based on the displacement with 2% signal interference, and that for stress–strain curves without interference is more than 0.98. The stress–strain relations predicted by E-FIM were consistent with the results obtained via uniaxial tensile tests of ten ductile materials.     

用于棘轮变形预测的棘轮演化统一模型研究

 在大量单轴棘轮实验基础上,研究了均值、幅值、峰值和谷值应力对 304不锈钢的饱和棘轮应变的影响规律,首次提出了棘轮应力σ_r和棘轮门槛值σ_rth 的概念,建立了基于单参数控制的、用于饱和棘轮应变预测的 SRM饱和棘轮本构模型和用于独立循环应力工况下棘轮应变演化预测的 REM棘轮演化模型,并由此发展了全面描述任意循环应力工况下棘轮应变演化规律的 URM棘轮演化统一模型。抛物律模型 SRM和幂律模型 REM对实验数据拟合的相关系数均超过 0.98。URM建模容易,只需 4～ 6个试样的单轴棘轮实验数据。此外还讨论了获得 SRM本构模型的单试样实验法。     

Theoretical model and testing method for ball indentation based on the proportional superposition of energy in pure elasticity and pure plasticity

For a homogeneous, continuous, and isotropic material whose constitutive relationships meets with the Ramberg-Osgood law(R-O law), the energy in the elastoplastic indentation with a ball indenter was theoretically analyzed, and the proportional superposition of energy in pure elasticity and pure plasticity during indentation was considered based on the equivalence of energy density. Subsequently, a Proportional Superposition-based Elasto Plastic Model(PS-EPM) was developed to describe the relati...     

基于漏斗试样的C250钢高温扭转低周疲劳行为

C250钢的扭转疲劳破坏是其主要失效形式之一。为了获得航空材料C250钢的扭转疲劳特性,并消除等直圆棒试样在扭转试验中产生的弊端,依据漏斗试样完成了C250钢在3种高温(150、200、350℃)环境下的扭转低周疲劳试验,获得了在扭转低周疲劳下的扭矩-名义扭转角曲线。基于试验结果,利用FAT方法分析得到了C250钢在3种高温环境下的材料循环本构关系,利用该循环本构关系对漏斗试样进行三维扭转有限元分析,获得漏斗根部剪切应力与扭矩之间的转换公式及漏斗根部剪切应变与名义扭转角之间的转换公式。基于以上试验与分析方法,得到了材料的剪切应变幅-倍循环次数曲线、剪切应力幅-循环分数曲线以及剪切应力-剪切应变的稳定滞回线,发现材料呈现出循环软化特性,并基于Manson-Coffin模型对材料寿命进行了分析。     

一种形状记忆合金的本构模型及其应用

建立一种本构模型 ,用于研究形状记忆合金 (SMA)结构和复合材料的力学响应。首先 ,该本构模型在单轴应力状态和多轴应力状态下 ,得到考核 ;其次 ,给出了移植到ABAQUS的用户子程序umat的求解格式。利用有限元方法分析了SMA的CT (紧凑拉伸 )和TPB(三点弯曲 )试样 ,以及SMA -纤维增强复合材料和金属合金增强SMA基复合材料的力学响应。在CT和TPB裂纹前端 ,有不同的相变规律 ,SMA复合材料的相变取决于应力状态和两相材料的材料性质等     

A thermal activation based constitutive model for the dynamic deformation of AA5083 processed by large-scale equal-channel angular pressing

Aluminum alloy 5083 (AA5083) processed by large-scale Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is an excellent engineering material with great prospects for industrial applications. An accurate assessment of the underlying constitutive relationships with easily determined material constants is critical for the predictive design and informed processing of such structural materials. To develop such a design framework, uniaxial dynamic compressive tests over a wide range of temperatures (293–573 K) were carried out for an ECAP-processed AA5083 alloy. Additionally, the microstructure before and after dynamic loading was characterized by SEM and TEM. Based on the experimental results, a new dynamic constitutive model, based on thermal activation theory, was established to describe the plastic flow behavior of the AA5083 alloy that incorporates the effects of plastic strain, temperature, and strain rate. The input parameters of the new model were determined using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The model predictions show excellent agreement with experimental results, which suggests that the current predictive constitutive model is highly effective in reproducing the dynamic deformation behavior of the large-scale ECAP-processed AA5083.     

受超声激励韧性金属的特殊力学行为分析

通过在自行开发和建立的超声激励材料拉伸实验系统上 ,对紫铜和低碳钢受超声激励作用下材料力学行为进行实验研究 ,以此为基础建立韧性金属材料在超声激励作用下的本构方程 ,探讨材料的一些特殊表现 ,如屈服点降低、硬化率降低和延伸率降低等。并对韧性金属材料的蠕变断裂行为进行分析 ,对这些特殊现象的形成机理进行初步探讨。结果表明理论分析与实验结果是一致的。