Effects of Shot Peening Process on Thermal Cycling Lifetime of TBCs Prepared by EB-PVD

Conventional two-layered thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) with ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3 (8YSZ) as top coat and CoCrAlY as bond coat on disk-shaped Ni based super-alloy. In this paper, three kinds of shot peening process with different lengths of operating time were adopted for bond coating. As a result, changes took place in its sur- face roughness and the surface micro-hardness. A thermal cycling test at 1 273 K×55 min and another at room temperature for 5 min were performed to study the effects of shot peening process on the thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. It is found that a moderate shot peening process will be able to prolong the life time. The oxidation dynamic of the as-processed TBCs basically accords with the para- bolic rule, and the oxidation test also attests to the spallation between YSZ and thermal growth oxide (TGO) responsible mainly for the failure of TBCs.     

热障涂层杨氏模量和泊松比的测试

为了降低航空发动机热端部件的温度,空气等离子喷涂已被广泛地应用。为确定热障涂层的残余应力、结合力、断裂韧性、疲劳裂纹扩展速率等性能和特性,需要知道其杨氏模量和泊松比。因为涂层厚度非常薄且使用时是结合在基体上的,所以需要一个能够在原处测量涂层的杨氏模量和泊松比的方法。采用等离子喷涂工艺在GH150高温合金上喷涂了MCrAIY和陶瓷层,利用一种改进的悬臂梁方法测量了热障涂层的杨氏模量和泊松比。这种无损测试方法为测定其他薄膜材料的杨氏模量和泊松比提供了借鉴。     

等离子喷涂LaTi2Al9O19热障涂层的微观组织结构及热物理性能

 第一代热障涂层(TBCs)由氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)陶瓷隔热层和金属粘结层组成,该涂层长期使用温度低于1 200℃。随着先进航空发动机向着高推重比发展,迫切要求发展新一代超高温、高隔热热障涂层材料。LaTi₂Al₉O₁₉(LTA)在1 500℃长期保持相稳定,是一种非常有前景的超高温热障涂层候选材料。本文采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了LTA涂层,研究了喷涂工艺对涂层微观组织结构和热物理性能的影响。结果表明沉积态涂层中含少量的非晶态,在860℃和1 130℃出现晶化峰。等离子喷涂过程中La₂O₃挥发量较多,导致沉积态涂层中La元素与原始粉末相比含量偏低,而其他组分的化学成分随喷涂功率变化不大。LTA涂层的热扩散系数在1 400℃下为0.3~0.4 mm²·s^-1,热导率为1.1~1.6 W·m^-1·K^-1。1 050℃经过20小时热处理后,得到晶化的涂层在晶化温度范围内的热扩散系数和热导率值均增大。随着喷涂功率减小,涂层孔隙率增加,热导率减小。     

Impermeability of Y3Al5O12 ceramic against molten glassy calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate

Degradation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) caused by calcium-magnesium-alumina-silica (CMAS) glassy penetration is becoming an urgent issue for TBCs industrial applications. In this work, yttrium aluminum garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂, YAG) nano-powders were synthesized through a chemical co-precipitation route. The resistance of YAG ceramic to glassy CMAS infiltration at 1250?°C was evaluated. YAG ceramic bulk sintered at 1700?°C for 10?h was comprised of a single garnet-type Y₃Al₅O₁₂ phase. The molten CMAS glass was suppressed on the surface of the YAG ceramic at 1250?°C. A chemical reaction between YAG and the molten CMAS glass did not occur at 1250?°C for 24?h, suggesting that YAG could act as an impermeable material against glassy CMAS deposits in the TBC field.     

航空发动机热障涂层材料体系的研究

介绍了热障涂层的结构、陶瓷表层材料和中间粘结层的材料发展趋势。热障涂层的结构已由经典的双层结构向成分、结构连续变化的梯度结构发展,涂层的寿命有明显的提高。制备方法中电子束物理气相沉积技术具有明显优势。热障涂层表层材料的最佳成分是(质量百分数6%～8%)Y2O3部分稳定的ZrO2陶瓷材料。粘结层体系发展的一个重要趋势是能同时保证力学性能和抗氧化性能的低Al含量NiCoCrAlY。     

Influence of Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 Co-doping on Phase Stability,Thermo-physical Properties and Sintering of 8YSZ

The role of multicomponent rare earth oxides in phase stability, thermophysical properties and sintering for ZrO2-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) materials is investigated. 8YSZ codoped with 3 mol% Gd2O3 and 3 mol% Yb2O3 (GYb-YSZ) powders are synthesized by solid state reaction for 24 h at various temperatures. As temperature increases, stabilizers are dissolved into zirconia matrix gradually. Synthesized at 1 500 °C, GYb-YSZ is basically composed of cubic phase. GYb-YSZ exhibits excellent phase stability and sinters lower than 8YSZ by nearly three times. The thermal conductivity of GYb-YSZ is much lower than that of 8YSZ, and the thermal expansion coefficient of GYb-YSZ is comparable to that of 8YSZ. The influence of Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 co-doping on phase stability, thermal conductivity and sintering of 8YSZ is discussed.     

等离子喷涂工艺参数对GdPO4热障涂层组织结构和结合强度的影响

随着航空发动机涡轮进口温度提升,目前最广泛使用的Y₂O₃部分稳定ZrO₂(YSZ)热障涂层(TBCs)已难以满足需求,亟须发展新一代超高温TBCs。GdPO₄是一种极具应用前景的TBCs材料。本工作采用等离子喷涂方法制备GdPO₄/YSZ双陶瓷层结构TBCs,研究喷涂工艺参数特别是喷涂功率对GdPO₄陶瓷涂层相组成、表面形貌、微观结构以及结合强度的影响。结果表明:等离子喷涂GdPO₄过程中会有元素P损耗,得到的涂层除了GdPO₄外,还有一些Gd₃PO₇相;随着喷涂功率降低,Gd₃PO₇相含量减少;GdPO₄陶瓷涂层的主体结构由充分熔融的喷涂粒子堆垛构成,其中镶嵌有未熔化粒子构成的微区;随着喷涂功率降低,未熔化微区增多,涂层厚度降低;GdPO₄/YSZ TBCs的结合强度随喷涂功率降低而减小,主要是由于未熔化微区增多降低了涂层的内聚力;因此,低喷涂功率不利于涂层的结合强度。     

交流阻抗谱法评价热障涂层的热腐蚀行为(英文)

本文利用交流阻抗这种无损检测的方法研究了热障涂层在质量分数为25%NaCl+75%Na2SO4混合盐体系中的热腐蚀行为。实验结果显示,热腐蚀条件下,在陶瓷层和粘结层界面处形成TGO层为混合氧化物层,成分为Cr2O3、(Ni,Co)(Cr,Al)2O4和NiO,其厚度增长符合抛物线规律。热障涂层在110个循环腐蚀之前时,TGO层的电阻值随其厚度的增加而增加;110个循环后,虽然TGO层的厚度还是在增加,但由于TGO层孔隙的增多而导致其电阻值有所下降。陶瓷层的电阻值随着陶瓷层中裂纹的萌生和扩展而不断增大。等效电路中得到的参数可以用来表征热障涂层的失效行为。     

梯度热障涂层的设计

 采用电子束物理气相沉积方法 (EB PVD)制备了梯度热障涂层,其结构设计为NiCoCrAlY粘结层 /Al₂O₃ YSZ过渡层 /YSZ陶瓷层。YSZ陶瓷层的结构为柱状晶结构,Al₂O₃ YSZ梯度过渡层为梯度微孔结构。采用有限元方法对梯度热障涂层进行热应力分析,优化了Al₂O₃ YSZ梯度过渡层的组成。计算结果表明,梯度涂层的内应力显著降低,而且界面及其附近应力和应变变化较平缓。过渡层厚度的增加有利于降低涂层内应力和缓和涂层界面处的应力集中。     

High-temperature oxidation behavior and analysis of impedance spectroscopy of 7YSZ thermal barrier coating prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition

Quasi-columnar structure 7YSZ(yttria stabilized zirconia) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) are prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition(PS-PVD) onto pretreated and un-pretreated bond coating, respectively. An isothermal oxidation experiment of 7YSZ TBCs is carried out in the atmosphere of 950 °C in order to simulate the high-temperature oxidation process of engine blades. The isothermal oxidation process of 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings is investigated systematically by impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical physical model and equivalent circuit of columnar 7YSZ coatings are established. Results show that the isothermal oxidation kinetic curve of columnar 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings appears to follow the parabolic law. A pretreatment of bond coating can reduce the growth rate of the thermally grown oxide(TGO) layer, restraining the initiation and propagation of microcracks between YSZ and TGO layers. The oxidation rate constants of 7YSZ coatings with pretreated and un-pretreated bond coating are 0.101×10~(-12) cm~2·s~(-1) and 0.115 × 10~(-13) cm~2 ·s~(-1), respectively. Impedance analysis shows that the content of oxygen vacancies decreases and the density increases after the TGO layer is oxidized for 150 h. In addition, shrinkage microcracks formed by sintering during the oxidation process is the main reason for an increase of the capacitance and a decrease of the resistance in the grain boundary of YSZ.     

激光重熔改性热障涂层抗CMAS腐蚀特性

采用激光对大气等离子喷涂7YSZ热障涂层进行表面重熔处理,探讨基体预热和Al₂O₃溶胶涂敷对激光重熔层裂纹愈合的影响,研究处理后热障涂层的耐CMAS熔盐腐蚀性能。结果表明:涂层经过激光重熔和基体预热后的激光重熔处理后,与未经重熔处理涂层的CMAS腐蚀厚度基本相同;而采用表面Al₂O₃溶胶涂敷加激光重熔的热障涂层的CMAS腐蚀厚度明显减小,表明Al₂O₃溶胶涂敷加激光重熔工艺可以有效地减轻CMAS熔盐侵蚀,其机理是表面形成的Al₂O₃薄膜溶于CMAS后生成了难熔晶体钙长石,降低了熔盐的流动性和腐蚀性。     

大气等离子喷涂热障涂层高温氧化行为研究

采用等离子喷涂工艺在GH4099合金基体上制备了热障涂层,并进行了1050℃恒温氧化试验,综合利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪等检测手段,分析了涂层的显微结构及高温氧化行为。结果表明：等离子喷涂（APS）热障涂层在高温氧化过程中,黏结层被氧化生成热生长氧化物（TGO）。但长时间氧化后,在与TGO毗邻的金属黏结层中产生了范围较窄但浓度变化较大的贫Al带,TGO层出现保护性Al2O3向非保护性混合氧化物转变的现象,导致致密Al2O3层的连续性被破坏,TGO厚度快速增加。     

电子束物理气相沉积LaZrCeO热障涂层微结构与热循环性能

热障涂层(thermal barrier coatings,TBCs)是一种由金属黏结层、热生长氧化物层和陶瓷面层组成的金属-陶瓷复合系统,在先进的航空发动机领域上引起了广泛的关注,但目前先进热障涂层的热循环寿命提升和失效行为研究仍然是一个难点。本研究采用电子束物理气相沉积技术(electron beam physical vapour deposition,EB-PVD)制备LaZrCeO/YSZ双陶瓷层热障涂层,研究热障涂层的相结构、显微组织和失效行为。结果表明:LaZrCeO/YSZ涂层为烧绿石与萤石结构组成的复合涂层材料,LaZrCeO/YSZ涂层的微观结构由羽毛状纳米结构和柱内孔隙组成;在1100℃热循环条件下,LaZrCeO/YSZ双陶瓷层热障涂层展现了良好的热循环寿命;热循环实验后,由于应力累积的作用裂纹在热生长氧化层(TGO)中萌生并扩展,包括水平裂纹和垂直裂纹两大类,进而引起整个涂层体系的不稳定,最终导致涂层失效。     

热障涂层的激光表面改性参数优化和结构设计

热障涂层是航空发动机涡轮叶片关键核心技术之一,但在服役条件下常受环境沉积物、熔盐等的腐蚀而过早失效。激光表面改性是一种提高涂层抗腐蚀性能的有效办法,但改性涂层的激光工艺优化和结构设计亟待研究。本文采用脉冲Nd：YAG激光系统对Y₂O₃部分稳定ZrO₂（YSZ）热障涂层进行表面改性,研究了激光功率、扫描速度以及光束长度对改性层厚度、微观结构的影响。结果表明,激光改性层呈致密的柱状晶结构,并有纵向裂纹贯穿其中。改性层的厚度与激光功率成正比,受扫描速度影响不大,与光束长度成反比。激光功率过高,则改性层裂纹增加明显;光束长度过大,则改性层与下方涂层的界面缺陷增多,不利于界面结合。优化的激光改性参数为：激光的功率为75~80 W,扫描速度8 mm/s,光束长度为160 mm。设计了双层激光改性层,每层中的纵向裂纹不连续,使得整个改性层中无贯穿的纵向裂纹,有助于抑制高温腐蚀熔体的内渗。     

等离子-物理气相沉积硅/莫来石/硅酸镱环境障涂层的高温防护和耐热冲击性能研究

通过SiCf/SiC复合材料表面等离子喷涂(APS)硅黏结层和莫来石中间层,等离子-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)制备硅酸镱面层,喷涂的整个环境障涂层体系组织致密,PS-PVD工艺制备的硅酸镱为层状结构,孔隙率＜1％.研究了 SiCf/SiC复合材料环境障涂层的抗静态氧化、循环氧化、水汽腐蚀和热冲击性能,发现复合材料表面...     

Effect of Sintering on Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Barrier Effects of Thermal Barrier Coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are mostly applied to hot components of advanced turbine engines to insulate the components from hot gas. The effect of sintering on thermal conductivity and thermal barrier effects of conventional plasma sprayed and nanostructured yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are investigated. Remarkable increase in thermal conductivity occurs to both typical coatings after heat treatment. The change of porosity is just the opposite. The grain size of the nanostructured zirconia coating increases more drastically with annealing time compared to that of the conventional plasma sprayed coating, which indicates that coating sintering makes more contributions to the thermal conductivity of the nanostructured coating than that of the conventional coating. Thermal barrier effect tests using temperature difference technique are performed on both coatings. The thermal barrier effects decrease with the increase of thermal conductivity after heat treatment and the decline seems more drastic in low thermal conductivity range. The decline in thermal barrier effects is about 80 °C for nanostructured coating after 100 h heat treatment, while the conventional coating reduces by less than 60 °C compared to the as-sprayed coating.     

电子束物理气相沉积La2Zr2O7热障涂层研究

为克服传统热障涂层材料YSZ耐温性能和隔热性能的不足,以ZrO2和La2O3为原料,采用无压烧结法合成了烧绿石结构化合物La2Zr2O7,用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)法在高温合金基体上制备了La2Zr2O7涂层,分析了涂层的成分,并对其显微结构、热物理性能与传统YSZ热障涂层进行了对比研究.结果表明,La2Zr2O7涂层成分处于P结构范围内,呈典型的柱状晶结构,柱状晶头部呈明显的金字塔形状.与传统YSZ柱状晶相比,La2Zr2O7涂层的柱状晶紊乱度更大,尺寸更加细小,并且柱状晶上的树枝状亚晶更多.在25～1200℃范围内,La2Zr2O7涂层的热导率最大为0.985W/(m·K),最小为0.796 W/(m·K),大大低于同条件下的YSZ涂层.低本征热导率、小柱状晶直径、大紊乱度、密度轻及高孔隙率是造成La2.Zr2O7涂层低热导率的主要因素.     

燃气涡轮发动机高温部件热腐蚀化学反应机理的探讨

根据燃气涡轮发动机的工作环境及化学反应的原理，本文详细讨论了因腐蚀介质──Ｎａ２ＳＯ４、ＮａＣｌ、Ｖ２Ｏ５引起的燃气涡轮发动机高温部件热腐蚀的机理。     

纳米结构热障涂层的制备与性能研究

为充分发掘氧化锆(YSZ:ZrO2-6wt%Y2O3)基热障涂层的潜力,利用纳米级的YSZ粉末作为陶瓷涂层原材料,分别对采用等离子喷涂(APS)和电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)沉积具有纳米结构陶瓷涂层的工艺过程进行全面研究.对比性试验结果表明,涂层中引入纳米结构使热障涂层具有更高的隔热效果,更高的硬度以及更高的抗剥落能力.并对纳米结构陶瓷涂层微观结构的高温稳定性进行研究分析.     

航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层应用的关键技术和问题

热障涂层是提高涡轮叶片可靠性和服役寿命的关键技术。从热障涂层的粘结层与涡轮叶片高温合金基体的匹配性、CMAS(一种基于CaO、MgO、Al2O3和Si O2等多种氧化物构成的环境沉积物)形成及其对热障涂层的损伤和相应的防护、叶片热障涂层厚度分布的过程控制、热障涂层制备过程中气膜孔缩孔、热障涂层的在线无损检测及涂层返修以满足涡轮叶片全寿命周期需求等方面论述了航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层工程应用技术和需要解决的实际问题。