新一代卫星导航信号测量性能分析

导航信号的测量性能最终影响系统定位、测速、授时等服务精度, 是系统顶层设计的重要论证内容之一. 结合COMPASS系统新一代卫星导航信号体制框架设计, 分析了各种应用条件下的伪距、载波相位和多普勒测量精度, 并以典型设计参数为例进行了数值计算. 结果表明, 在接收机典型设计参数和工作条件下, 各信号分量均能够实现0.1m的伪距测量精度、0.006周的载波相位测量精度以及0.005m·s-1的多普勒测量精度. 首次给出的针对新信号体制各项测量性能的研究结果可为卫星导航系统信号体制设计、 导航接收机关键参数设计以及卫星导航系统用户测距误差预算等顶层设计提供参考.      

伪距波动原因中的星体多径因素排除

针对卫星可视弧段内伪距测量异常波动现象，从信号质量监测角度研究了卫星可视弧段内导航信号测距偏差变化问题，确认伪距波动是否由星体多径引起.利用大口径天线跟踪北斗卫星，采用两套采集设备实现了卫星可视弧段内的B1频点信号多次高载噪比采集，根据基于参考波形的测距偏差估计方法分别处理多组采集数据，获得了不同仰角上的测距偏差.在一个仰角下的采集数据，当滤波器带宽远远大于信号带宽时，采样率与下变频器均不同的两套采集设备获得的测距偏差相同，且测距偏差均与相关间距及滤波器带宽有关，但当滤波器带宽超过15MHz后，测距偏差的差异可以忽略.比较不同仰角下的测距偏差，在卫星可视弧段内测距偏差变化很小，因此认为星体多径引起卫星可视弧段内信号质量的变化不是伪距测量异常波动的原因.      

GPS多径信号建模及接收机测试评估

多径信号误差是GPS(Global Positioning System)及其它卫星导航系统的重要误差源之一,有关多径建模与多径消除技术一直是卫星导航领域的研究热点.根据多径信号特性,推导了对GPS定位精度影响最大的镜面反射多径信号模型.基于这一多径模型,利用GPS软件接收机测试了多径对接收机伪距测量精度的影响.测试结果验证了所建立的多径模型的有效性,所获得的多径误差曲线为窄相关多径抑制技术提供了实验支持.     

地基伪卫星系统多址测距误差的校正算法

相对于卫星导航,地基伪卫星与接收机距离较近,测距中不涉及电离层传播等误差,易实现高精度测距和定位。但由于地基伪卫星位置固定,在信号连续发射模式下伪卫星信号间的多址干扰(MAI)会引起相对恒定的测距误差,针对地基伪卫星系统这一特点,提出一种基于反馈串行干扰抵消(SIC)的测距算法。首先对全部伪卫星信号进行捕获跟踪和功率估计,然后通过串行干扰抵消算法降低强功率伪卫星信号对期望测距信号的干扰,通过反馈模式进一步提高干扰抵消算法的性能。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效改善地基伪卫星系统强远近效应区域内的测距性能,不考虑其他误差下在强远近效应区域内基于码环可将伪卫星测距性能从10 m以上降低到约0.3 m。     

基于小波分析的BOC信号抗多径码相位估计

卫星导航接收机需要精确地估计扩频信号的码相位并进行跟踪,估计的精度直接影响伪距测量的精度.卫星信号的多径传播使得简单的相关器估计存在较大的误差,针对未来导航系统普遍采用的BOC(Binary Offset Carrier)导航信号,提出了一种基于小波分析的估计算法来抑制多径误差,仿真的结果表明该算法比传统的窄相关和双Delta技术在性能上有很大的改进.并证明了在采用Haar小波时,该技术与相关器估计方法在极限条件下是等价的,同时该方法的算法复杂度比基于最大似然估计的方法MMT(Multipath Mitigating Technique)要低.     

GPS软件接收机原理样机设计与实现

为了满足GPS/INS(Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System)超紧组合导航系统研究的需要,克服硬件接收机参数固定,适应性差的弱点,设计了一种参数可调、灵活控制的GPS软件接收机.采用GPS L1频率的中频采样信号,运用FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)频域捕获算法和锁相环与锁频环相互辅助的载波环路,实现了信号捕获、码环和载波环路跟踪、导航电文提取与解码、伪距及导航定位解算,并与NovAtel公司的FlexPax型硬件接收机进行了比较.跑车测试结果表明,该GPS软件接收机捕获迅速、跟踪准确,导航定位精度小于10m,动态抗干扰能力明显优于一般GPS硬件接收机,适合于GPS/INS超紧组合导航系统的应用.     

载波相位/捷联惯导组合对高轨飞行器的导航

高轨飞行器可用卫星数目较少,信号空间链路损耗大,使用伪距进行测量的精度较低.提出基于GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)卫星载波相位与捷联惯导紧组合方法对高轨机动飞行器进行自主导航.该方法将连续跟踪的卫星初次可用时的整周模糊度的浮点解作为状态变量,通过平方根UKF建立了组合导航非线性滤波模型,提出了基于整周浮点解交集的滤波器故障检测方法.研究表明,提出的组合导航方法充分利用了载波相位高测量精度和系统性误差缓变的特点,提高了系统的可靠性和精度.     

卫星远场测试工艺装备设计

导航卫星播发信号的用户等效测距误差(UERE)受到众多因素的影响,多径效应是其中较为主要的一个因素。为了测定卫星外形布局对多径效应及其带来的伪距误差的影响,同时为了验证减少多径效应的布局优化措施是否有效,有必要进行导航卫星的无线测试。在对试验技术条件进行充分研究后,设计了一系列的试验支持装配和工具,满足了多个状态的测试要求。通过工装的关键功能设计,完成了某卫星远场测试,测定了导航定位误差在典型工况下的量级,对卫星导航误差分析和提高定位精度有着重要意义。     

全球卫星导航系统兼容性评估方法研究

目前,卫星导航系统兼容性评估方法主要是计算机仿真验证,难以复制真正的导航系统运行条件,改变任何一个参数都需要重新进行仿真,计算量和分析量很大,并存在较大误差。文章以卫星导航接收机为落脚点研究导航信号的兼容性。首先,根据干扰信号对全球导航卫星系统接收机捕获、载波跟踪、数据解调等的影响,推导了即时相关器输出的信号功率对噪声功率加干扰功率之比的模型,建立了基于频谱隔离系数的等效载噪比模型,利用相对较简单的等式就获得了干扰的一级评估;其次,具体分析了GPS C/A码自干扰时导航信号到达地面的功率、天线增益,以及星座功率增益等参数;最后,给出GPS C/A码自干扰时等效载噪比衰减的测试结果,在信号捕获时,多普勒频移为kHz的整数倍C/A码自干扰对所需GPS C/A码的等效载噪比衰减程度最大,达到9.6dBHz。该方法可以为中国新一代卫星导航系统信号设计提供参考。     

基于模拟器的辅助导航测试方法研究

随着卫星导航产业的迅猛发展，辅助导航技术得到越来越广泛的应用，利用该技术可提高导航终端对卫星导航信号的捕获概率，缩短首次定位时间，提高灵敏度，提升用户体验。基于导航信号模拟器，利用基准站接收机传送辅助数据（星历信息及时间信息）的方式，构建辅助导航测试系统，提出了一种新的辅助导航测试方法，对导航芯片利用辅助信息实现快速捕获和定位性能进行了充分验证，方法可行，具有一定的工程应用价值。     

高轨微弱信号的跟踪算法分析及仿真

高轨航天器自主导航技术是中国迫切需要发展的航天新技术之一,广泛应用于通信、导航、气象、预警等领域.高轨导航接收机为高轨航天器自主导航定位提供了便捷有效的手段.在高动态环境下,载波频率和相位、伪码相位均随载体运动发生较大变化.由于载体动态引入的多普勒频率变化对伪码跟踪环的影响可通过载波辅助消除,接收机的动态性能主要取决于...     

Three frequency GNSS navigation prospect demonstrated with semi-simulated data

Three frequency GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) signals will be fully accessible in the near future. It is theoretically well-understood that the GNSS navigation performance could be improved with introduction of the third frequency signals. However it remains unclear what numerical improvements can be achieved in the varying navigation scenarios. In this paper, we numerically demonstrate the superior navigation prospect of three frequency GNSS compared to dual-frequency case. Since the third frequency pseudorange is not fully accessible at current stage, a semi-simulation method is firstly introduced to generate the third frequency pseudorange based on the dual-frequency GPS pseudorange and phase measurements. Then the three frequency navigation precision, availability and reliability are examined, compared with their dual-frequency counterparts in varying simulated navigation scenarios. The results show that with three frequency GNSS signals the navigation precision can be improved by 10% in both horizontal and vertical components. More promisingly, the availability of navigation solutions is significantly improved (even by 50% for some scenarios) with higher reliability.     

Carrier phase prediction method for GNSS precise positioning in challenging environment

Since the signals of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are blocked frequently in challenging environments, the discontinuous carrier phases seriously affect the application of GNSS precise positioning. To improve the carrier phase continuity, this paper proposes a carrier phase prediction method based on carrier open-loop tracking. In the open-loop tracking mode, the carrier numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is controlled by the predicted Doppler, but not by the loop filter output. To improve the phase prediction effective time, accurate receiver clock drift estimation is studied in the prediction method. The phase prediction performance is tested on GNSS software receiver. In the phase prediction effective time tests, open-loop processes were set for the tested channel. The test results show that, when some satellite signals are blocked in 15?s, the probability of carrier phase error less than quarter cycles is more than 94%. In the real time kinematic (RTK) positioning tests, some satellite signals are blocked in 10–15?s repeatedly. The test results show that, the carrier phase continuity is basically not affected by the signal interruption, and the RTK can almost keep continuous centimeter-level positioning accuracy without re-fixing the integer ambiguity.     

基于加权鉴别函数的二进制偏移载波信号跟踪方法

在移除二进制偏移载波（Binary Offset Carrier,BOC）信号跟踪模糊的同时,为了保持BOC信号高的码跟踪精度,提出基于加权鉴别函数（Weighted Discriminator Function,WDF）的BOC信号无模糊跟踪方法。WDF使用非相干超前减滞后功率（Noncoherent Early Minus Late Power,NELP）鉴别器和子载波相位消除（Sub Carrier Phase Cancellation technique,SCPC）鉴别器,生成无误锁点的鉴别函数实现BOC信号跟踪。针对BOC(10,5)信号,仿真结果表明,相比于SCPC、基于伪相关函数的无模糊延迟锁定环（Pseudo correlation function based Unambiguous Delay Lock Loop,PUDLL）方法和对称脉冲模糊移除（Symmetrical Pulse Ambiguity Removing,SPAR）方法,所提WDF方法在码跟踪误差方面分别改善了2.5dB、5.5dB与8.3dB,多径误差分别降为60.4%、32.8%与38.0%。因此,WDF是一种有效的、高性能的BOC信号无模糊跟踪方法。     

一种新的SINS/GPS深组合导航系统设计

为了提高GPS在高动态、强干扰条件下的跟踪性能和导航精度,提出了一种新的SINS/GPS深组合导航方案.利用卡尔曼滤波器反馈回路取代了传统接收机中独立、并行的跟踪回路,能够同时完成所有可视卫星信号和组合导航信息处理的任务;利用矢量跟踪算法加强各跟踪通道相互关联,增强跟踪通道对信号载噪比变化的适应能力,从而提高接收机在信号中断条件下的导航性能;利用相关器输出的I和Q路测量值直接作为导航滤波器的观测量,减小滤波过程残差,可以提高组合导航系统的导航精度和跟踪性能.仿真验证表明,这种基于矢量跟踪的深组合导航方案不仅在GPS信号中断期间能够保证系统的导航精度和可靠性,而且在低载噪比条件下可以增强导航系统的跟踪性能以及抗干扰能力.     

Carrier-Doppler-based real-time two way satellite frequency transfer and its application in BeiDou system

Two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) method is valuable for precise time and frequency transfer. The frequency could be directly transferred by utilizing two-way carrier Doppler measurement. This method requires each station observing both its own and associated station’s transponder signals transferred by satellite. In BeiDou system (BDS), the reference station and the field station construct a two-way link via a GEO satellite, and the field station sends pseudorange and carrier phase information to the reference station by transmission signal, in order to achieve real time TWSTFT. This paper analyzes the theory of carrier Doppler based TWSTFT (called CD-TWSTFT), and validates it by using on line data of BDS. The results demonstrated that the performance of CD TWSTFT is much better than code based TWSTFT in short-term frequency transfer and almost same at long-term frequency transfer.     

MIMU/GPS嵌入式组合导航中GPS信号非相干搜索算法分析

对于GPS信号的搜索捕获采用长积分时间相干搜索算法,会导致频率的搜索范围增加,而采用非相干积分搜索算法将增加平方损失．针对非相干搜索算法中由于多普勒频移估计偏差和码移估计偏差的影响而导致的平方损失,提出了基于微惯性测量单元MIMU／GPS嵌入式组合导航辅助的时域非相干搜索算法来提高对卫星信号的捕获能力,并对其捕获性进行仿真分析研究．结果表明,采用MIMU辅助的时域非相干搜索算法可以提高对GPS信号的捕获能力．     

导航BOC信号的抗干扰性能分析

二进制偏置载波(BOC)信号是一种新型的导航信号,其与传统扩频调制导航信号在性能上的差异是目前导航领域的关注重点之一。文章通过建立BOC信号接收系统的数学模型,针对窄带干扰、匹配谱干扰和带限白噪声干扰这几种典型的无线信道干扰,研究了BOC导航信号和传统扩频调制导航信号的抗干扰性能,并给出了几种典型导航信号的抗干扰性能参数。研究结果表明,BOC信号具有比传统扩频调制导航信号更强的抗干扰能力。     

Inertial aided BDS triple-frequency integer ambiguity rounding method

The integer ambiguity resolution (AR) of carrier phase is significant for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise positioning. However, in kinematic case, single-epoch AR methods based on alone GNSS are usually not reliable due to the instable pseudorange accuracy. Moreover, the computation of classical AR method Least Squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) is large. Thus, the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is introduced, a new inertial-aided AR method that directly rounds the float ambiguity of BeiDou triple-frequency combined observations, which is characterized by long wavelength, low carrier-phase noise and ionospheric delay, is proposed. The mathematical model of the new method is derived first. Then the impacts of the carrier-phase noise, ionospheric delay and inertial navigation system (INS) position error on the AR success ratio of combined observation are analyzed through probabilistic approach. Based on above investigation, the combinations (0, ?1, 1), (1, 4, ?5) and (4, ?2, ?3) are selected to resolve the original ambiguity. A vehicular integrated navigation test is performed to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show that the average AR success ratios of the three selected combinations, whose float ambiguity errors are 0.041, 0.146, 0.279 cycle respectively, are above 97.25% without regard to low-elevation C05. With respect to positioning accuracy based on our AR method when compared with IE software, the east, north, up error RMS of position are 0.042, 0.024, 0.069 m, respectively. In terms of the AR recover after the BeiDou signals outage, as long as 62 s BeiDou signal complete outage, all the ambiguities of all satellites could be re-fixed immediately. Besides, during the 90 s signals partial outage, the AR is not influenced by the position error, since the float ambiguity errors are all below half-cycle. The research of this contribution demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed new method, which indicates it is applicable to kinematic positioning, even in BDS degraded and denied environments.