基于约束优化的舰艇区域防空作战能力需求生成

作战能力需求生成是在满足多约束条件下完成的,寻求约束集是能力需求生成的重点;以舰空导弹区域防空为背景,通过对作战需求约束、能力需求约束、技术发展约束以及其他因素约束进行综合分析,提取制约能力指标生成的约束集,建立舰艇防空作战效能目标函数,采用基于罚函数法的快速粒子群算法进行能力指标的约束优化求解;以最大预警距离为变量,对其他作战能力指标优化前后的曲线图进行仿真验证,定量生成舰艇区域防空作战所需的能力指标值,验证了模型算法的可行性,为舰艇区域防空作战能力需求生成提供了定量化依据。      

基于解析规则的舰艇区域防空作战能力需求生成

首先,在能力需求生成中,通过对舰艇面临的威胁任务分解,构建作战能力指标体系,分析"元任务-能力指标"之间的解析规则进而得到舰艇作战所需的各项能力指标;其次,以单舰舰空导弹区域防空为背景,根据作战流程的各个阶段建立相应的数学模型,以作战需求以及敌我双方的相关因素为变量,结合关系图对杀伤区远近界、发射区远近界、预警机前出距离、高度和必需预警距离等作战能力指标进行了仿真验证;最后,分析了所需探测距离及速度对作战能力指标的影响关系,定量得到相应所需的区间数值解,为舰艇区域防空作战能力需求生成提供了依据。      

从“先进作战系统”破灭看台湾潜艇计划

台湾“立法院”通过“基德”舰预算，使得纷扰多时的“基德”舰采购案终告定案。当初在辩论是否采购“基德”舰时，还有人旧事重提说，如果当初“先进作战系统”（Advanced Combat System，ACS）案继续推动。今天台湾军就拥有具有相控阵雷达及垂直发射系统的先进水面作战舰艇，不用再大费周折引进美国海军退役舰艇。其实台海军在1995年取消“先进作战系统”案，     

简讯

俄海军将接收新型防空系统 俄罗斯海军不久将接收新型铠甲-M舰载弹炮合一防空系统。该系统是在陆基铠甲-S1基础上开发的。铠甲-M将替代Kortik防空系统,安装在俄罗斯海军新一级的作战舰艇上,包括从护卫舰到巡洋舰的一系列舰艇。由于俄罗斯本国使用的该系统的性能参数是保密的,该系统的研发机构KBP仪器设计局高层人员引用了其出口型铠甲-M的性能参数。     

西班牙海军 世界首艘“宙斯盾”护卫舰“阿尔瓦罗·德·巴赞”号导弹护卫舰

西班牙的“阿尔瓦罗·德·巴赞”（Alvaro de Bazan，亦称F100）级护卫舰是一艘多功能护卫舰，一艘为处理危险状况，能为远征部队提供保护且在海上作战时作为旗舰指挥作战的理想水面舰艇。F100级护卫舰在担任海上特遣舰队的旗舰时，除取有进行空中作战信息整合、指挥舰队进行防空作战之外，也能担任反潜作战指挥平台。虽然在今日海军中反潜已经不是水面舰艇最重要的任务，但是，西班牙海军的“阿尔瓦罗·德·巴赞”号护卫舰还是配置了高科技的反潜作战系统，并在未来的作业中证明其价值。     

资源约束条件下舰艇编队多智能体协作规划

从分析舰艇编队对海作战的流程出发,在决策过程中引入多智能体系统(MAS,Multi-Agent System)理论,建立了编队协同反舰作战Agent模型.针对舰艇编队Agent协作规划过程中受资源约束产生资源占用冲突的问题,建立一种主从式结构多Agent协作规划模型,并提出一种集中与分布规划相结合的MAS协作规划方法.仿真实例表明:该方法可有效实现作战编队各Agent之间的协作与协调,保证舰艇编队在满足资源约束条件下实现预期战术目标.      

法兰西新海上游击手——法国展示下一代欧洲多功能护卫舰

法国舰艇建造局（DCN）展示了Gowind-200型系列轻型护卫舰模型，这其实就是欧洲多功能护卫舰通用型的缩小版。21世纪以来．欧洲海军作战思想朝向联合作战、濒海作战、由海上来和支援陆上作战的发展，海军武备也朝着运应新作战思想的需要发展。欧洲新型驱逐舰和护卫舰独领风骚．如英，法、意联合研制的“地平线”级驱逐舰、挪威“内森”级护卫舰、西班牙F100“巴赞”级护卫舰及德国F124“萨克森”级护卫舰等。     

“光华”6号导弹快艇交船

台湾海军自力设计建造的“光华”6号导弹快艇原型舰，在4月1日举行交舰艇典礼；主持典礼的台湾海军副总司令韦宗定中将要求海军在作战测评时，应以高规格、高效率要求，确立后续建造舰艇规范，使批量生产计划顺利进行，建立符合台湾海军未来作战需求的现代化导弹快艇部队。     

深海“公爵”-英国23级反潜护卫舰

在世界海军护卫舰序列中，英国海军的23型“公爵”级护卫舰树立了现代水面舰艇的典范，其在东西方冷战的大背景下建造，最初的设计目标是用于深海反潜作战。然而，随着冷战时代的结束，英国对海军作战重点和装备发展进行了较大规模的调整，并明确提出在原来联盟防御，侧重反潜的基础上着重提高部队的灵活性、机动性和战备状态。     

海基未来区域防空系统研发工作已到关键阶段

MBDA公司的海基未来区域防空系统（FLAADS-M）项目的研发工作已到关键阶段,该系统已经体现出较高的技术成熟度和全球市场潜力。FLAADS—M系统将装备英国皇家海军23型护卫舰及未来全球作战舰艇,且能够很容易地被集成到各种海军平台上。FLAADS-M系统的核心是通用防空模块化导弹（CAMM）,一种能够应对所有当前和未来威胁的高性能导弹。CAMM也将用于陆基FLAADS,旨在未来取代英国陆军轻剑防空系统。     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.