面向平行系统的飞行器航迹仿真模型架构设计

面向平行系统运行需求,对飞行器航迹计算的积分、抽象计算、数学模型等进行建模和架构设计,实现了航迹计算过程中数据与算法的分离,并采用继承和指针注册机制完成与航迹计算相关的数据统一化分层管理,通过对飞行器状态转移模型的设计实现了飞行器不同状态或阶段之间航迹的顺利衔接,能够实现多状态并行转移和执行,以抵消平行系统不确定性和随机性的影响,为平行系统运行提供灵活、高效的仿真模型。     

煤油温度对于爆震波形成影响的实验研究

在内径为30mm的脉冲爆震发动机模型上，以煤油为燃料，以空气为氧化剂，成功地进行了两相爆震实验，获得了充分发展的脉冲爆震波。测试了在化学恰当比，不同爆震频率及燃油温度下的爆震波压力，并对其变化进行了分析。通过分析实验结果发现，在化学恰当比下，爆震频率不变时，煤油温度的升高明显促进了爆震的形成，在内径小于混合物胞格尺寸的爆震管内，可以形成充分发展的两相脉冲爆震波。     

壳体大变形对传爆接头传爆性能的影响

为考核壳体大变形对传爆接头传爆性能的影响,通过殉爆影响因素对爆炸序列和壳体变形的影响分析,设计了传爆接头间隙摸底试验.研究结果表明,对于复合材料纤维缠绕壳体,当发动机处于工作状态时,壳体发生较大变形,使传爆接头传爆界面出现间隙,对其传爆性能有较大影响;原有传爆接头已不适应壳体大变形的需要,需采取措施改进接头性能.     

Detonation engine fed by acetylene–oxygen mixture

The advantages of a constant volume combustion cycle as compared to constant pressure combustion in terms of thermodynamic efficiency has focused the search for advanced propulsion on detonation engines. Detonation of acetylene mixed with oxygen in various proportions is studied using mathematical modeling. Simplified kinetics of acetylene burning includes 11 reactions with 9 components. Deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) is obtained in a cylindrical tube with a section of obstacles modeling a Shchelkin spiral; the DDT takes place in this section for a wide range of initial mixture compositions. A modified ka-omega turbulence model is used to simulate flame acceleration in the Shchelkin spiral section of the system. The results of numerical simulations were compared with experiments, which had been performed in the same size detonation chamber and turbulent spiral ring section, and with theoretical data on the Chapman–Jouguet detonation parameters.     

连续爆轰发动机的研究进展

连续爆轰发动机是一种基于爆轰波将推进剂的化学能转化成热能的新概念发动机,近年来受到世界各主要国家的高度关注。现已成功获得多种燃料长时间稳定的连续爆轰,较深入地认识了连续爆轰流场结构,初步测得推力和比冲,验证了连续爆轰发动机的性能优势并在火箭模态、冲压模态以及涡轮模态下都实现了稳定连续爆轰。对连续爆轰发动机的工作原理,以及近年来世界各主要国家在连续爆轰发动机的基础研究和应用研究方面取得的代表性成果进行了综述,并给出尚待解决的问题,为其进一步工程化应用提供参考。     

基于任意长度的数据帧头搜索实现方法

为解决卫星海量数据传输多样化问题,提出一种基于任意长度帧头的数据流搜索的实现方法。首先阐述了卫星地面基带处理系统的总体设计流程,然后针对传统的搜索特点介绍了传统的数据帧头搜索方法,最后给出了一种基于任意长度帧头的数据流的实现方法,对该方法进行了详细流程介绍。结果表明,与传统的搜索机制相比较,文章提出的搜索方法具备高速率、高准确率和使用范围广的优点。     

Some technical aspects of gaseous detonation

This paper briefly describes two attempts to utilize detonative combustion processes to MHD conversion of thermal energy of fuel to electrical energy and bonding of atmospheric nitrogen. For this purpose a continuous impulse detonation chamber with a frequency up to 200 cps was constructed. Using methane-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures the chamber was maintained in stable operation for several hundred hours. Oil was also employed as fuel.Estimates based on experimental data showed that up to 2% of chemical energy of the fuel may be converted into electrical energy. The use of an accelerating nozzle may improve this result.The concentration of nitrogen oxide in combustion products of the detonation wave was higher by 14% than that expected under usual combustion conditions.The advantages of this type of apparatus are: absence of compressors for fuel and oxidant, impulse current generation, low temperatures of chamber walls, and operation over a large range of operating conditions.Problems associated with the effect of the magnetic field on the propagation of the detonation wave are discussed and the possibility of applying the Zeldovich theory to the case of MHD interaction is described. It is shown that the detonation velocity may either increase or decrease depending on the relative orientation of the direction of magnetic field with respect to the detonation wave.     

Initiation of spherical detonation in hydrocarbon/air mixtures

Spherical detonations have been initiated by solid explosive (Tetryl) charges in well-mixed stoicheiometric air mixtures with each of the hydrocarbons, ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane and ethylene at atmospheric pressure. Prior to initiation, the gases were contained in plastic bags; total gas volume and available path length were up to 1.6 m³ and 2 m, respectively. The detonations were shown to be self-sustained by continuous measurement of detonation velocity using X-band microwave interferometry. Measured detonation velocities were in all cases close to calculated C-J values.In a few experiments close to the limits of detonability, velocity and blast pressure/time records indicated that the propagating wave system is sometimes irregular. The irregularity that occurs just after initiation is characterised by a reaction front velocity very much lower than the constant detonation velocity, but subsequently attaining the latter by an acceleration process. These observations indicate the existence of a dissociated phase in which shock and reaction fronts may no longer be coupled.Because similar experimental conditions were used throughout, it was possible to establish the relative susceptibilities of the various fuel gases to detonation. Comparison is made with the Zeldovich criterion and a detonation kernel theory of Lee.     

流体喷管的脉冲爆震发动机出口过膨胀优化数值研究

在脉冲爆震发动机工作过程中,爆震室压力处于强非定常状态.传统的型面不可调尾喷管与可调尾喷管都无法满足爆震室内压力的高频剧烈变化,进而导致较大的推力损失.为了提升现有脉冲爆震发动机型面不可调增推喷管性能,可以从爆震室中引出爆震燃气,通过无阀自适应控制将该二次流喷射在喷管扩张段,实时调节主流的有效扩张面积比,进而形成流体喷...     

A study of detonation in methane/air clouds

In the present paper, we study the problem of detonation in unconfined, gaseous mixtures of methane/oxygen/nitrogen. A numerical simulation approach is employed in which we use a one-dimensional (spherical symmetry), time-dependent computer model to simulate the coupled compressible fluid dynamics-chemical kinetics processes which occur upon direct initiation of detonation. We establish the magnitude of explosive yield of tetryl required to initiate detonation in mixtures of CH₄ + 2O₂ with varying degrees of nitrogen dilution, up to and including stoichiometric . The numerical simulations illustrate the features of direct initiation observed in many experimental investigations, e.g. shock-wave breakaway followed by detonation reestablishment via a quasi-steady, oscillatory flow regime which occurs before the establishment of a steadily propagating spherical detonation. Our results compare well with recent experimental data obtained by Bull et al. (1976) over the range of tetryl masses studied by them. We find that tetryl explosive masses in excess of 10⁷ grams would be required to initiate detonation in an unconfined, stoichiometric mixture.     

Fluid mechanics of pulse detonation thrusters

The advantages of constant volume combustion cycle as compared to constant pressure combustion in terms of thermodynamic efficiency have focused the researches of advanced propulsion on detonation engines. The paper gives coverage of efforts undertaken during past decades in adjusting detonations for propulsion applications, and highlights new challenges in studying fluid flow dynamics relevant to onset of detonation.     

Limits on interstellar messages

Despite the fact that major efforts have been expended on passive searches for extraterrestrial signals, few deliberate “transmissions” to potential alien recipients have occurred. These have generally taken the form of simple graphics depicting such things as our appearance, location, and biological construction. In this paper, we consider (a) the fundamental technical and astronomical limitations to interstellar messaging—in other words, how many “bits” could any society reasonably send, and (b) what might be a likely transmission strategy. These considerations suggest approaches for SETI programs, as well as giving insight into the types of messages we might construct for eventual replies to received signals.     

A numerical study of the charge diameter effect on unsteady detonation

A numerical study for the unsteady detonation of an unconfined tetryl charge of small diameter, which is assumed to be homogeneous, was performed by using the two-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamic computer code, 2 DL, with the first order Arrhenius equation of reaction rate. Becker-Kistiakowsky-Wilson (BKW) and Kihara-Hikita (KH) equations of state have been applied to the detonation products.In the case of BKW, it is shown that the rarefaction waves propagating inward from the lateral surface make the reaction rate slow and give a curvature to the front. Then after an induction time, a strong initiation occurs in the reaction zone near the lateral surface and higher pressure zone moves to the axis. This higher pressure accelerates the detonation propagation near the lateral surface and the curvature of detonation front is reduced. Then, the reaction at the lateral surface again begins to decay by the rarefaction waves. Such a sequence of process is repeated periodically.The possibility of the occurrence of the strong initiation depends on the pressure and temperature in the shocked zone near the surface. In a small diameter charge, the delayed explosion becomes weaker near the surface, while its frequency increases. No shock interaction occurs because the direction of the particle flow is always divergent.In the case of KH equation of state, the temperature of detonation is higher than that obtained by BKW and the behaviour of instability becomes rather different from the previous result, i.e. in the axis the pressure oscillates repeating the overdriven and underdriven detonation similar with the case of BKW.     

混合比影响爆震波点火器工作过程之实验研究

爆震波点火器用于工程，其设计存在一个最佳结合点，使得在合适的管路中，爆震波传播速度、转捩距离、爆震波能量等能够符合点火器目标需求。为了研制适用于工程的爆震波点火器，在氢氧爆震波点火器基本特性试验的基础上，对初始混合气体的混合比等与爆震波特性的关系进行了研究。对实验结果进行分析认为。混合比对爆燃爆震转捩（DDT）距离影响较大，混合比大于3时，其转捩距离小于500mm。混合比增加时，爆震波传播速度会减小，但稳定的爆震波相对于波的混气的马赫数并小减小，维持在4．8左右。在初始混气压力不变情况下，质量流量可以提高爆震波能量，增强爆震波的点火能力。研究结论时爆震波点火器在工程中实际应用及以后的研究方向具有指导性作出。     

星-地混合通信网络前向链路安全传输方案研究

针对星-地混合通信网络前向链路在部分非理想信道状态信息(CSI)及非理想CSI下卫星窃听链路的安全问题，提出一种将地面基站信号作为协同干扰的安全传输方案。优化目标为地面基站节点传输速率最大，确保卫星合法节点接收信号质量，同时利用地面基站发送信号阻塞卫星潜在窃听节点对卫星信号的侦听。通过半定松弛原理将其转化为可解的凸优化问题，分别设计分层迭代、高斯随机化和二分搜索算法对问题进行优化求解。仿真校验结果表明，所提方案能够降低网络对CSI误差的敏感性，提高网络的可靠性和保密性。     

Effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures

The effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures has been studied with two-dimensional numerical simulations with the open-source program AMROC that uses a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement method. Results indicate that the hot jet could ignite the detonation effectively in supersonic combustible mixtures like a pneumatic ramp. After the realization of the detonation initiation, the hot jet can still play an important role on the detonation propagation during its continuous ejection. For a hot jet with certain diameter, it can result in an overdriven detonation with almost constant overdrive degree. After the shutdown of the hot jet, the stable CJ detonation combustion was realized finally in the supersonic combustible mixtures. With the re-ejection of the hot jet, the failed detonation could be reinitiated quickly. Through the control of the re-ejection of the hot jet, it plays a key role not only in the initiation process, but also in the subsequent continuous detonation combustion period.     

利用等离子体通道实现空间太阳能无线能量传输

空间太阳能电站是高效利用太阳能的有效途径,受到了国际的广泛关注。空间无线能量传输技术是空间太阳能电站的关键技术之一。文章首先分析了微波与激光无线能量传输技术的问题,根据空间太阳能传输的具体需求进一步提出基于等离子体通道的无线能量传输技术,并对基于此项技术的空间太阳能传输系统进行了论证,完善并发展了空间太阳能传输模型。基于等离子体通道的无线能量传输技术为多个领域的能量补给提供了新颖的技术途径,是具有广阔应用前景的战略选择。     

吸气式电推进中的气体捕集系统的设计分析

针对吸气式电推进系统中的气体捕集系统,提出了一种能够准确计算气体捕集率的理论模型,并以此为基础开展了气体捕集系统的优化设计.首先,通过分析几类代表性气体捕集系统的捕集特点,提取了影响气体捕集率的关键参数.然后,通过分析进气道内气体分子的微观行为,推导得到了气体捕集率的理论公式,获得了无量纲管长、末端净透射率等关键参数对...     

传输/反射法测量复介电常数的三个方程研究

介绍了利用传输／反射参数测量复介电常数的三个方程。利用奇偶模方法分析传输线与二端口网络，得到传播常数与归一化特性阻抗的解析解。进而得到确定复介电常数的三个方程。利用这些方程仅用一次测量解决已有传输／反射法中存在的低损耗材料的厚度谐振问题、多值性问题及其它问题。讨论了利用这三个方程通过一次测量解决上述问题的方法并分析了这些方程的测量不确定度。最后给出了实验结果。     

气相氛围中悬浮粉末燃料爆震燃烧研究进展

针对在氧化性气相氛围以及在燃料/氧化剂混合气相氛围中粉末燃料爆震燃烧波的传播特性，总结了气相氛围中悬浮粉末燃料爆震燃烧的实验和数值模拟研究进展，归纳了影响爆震波速度、稳定性、传播模式、细观结构和胞格尺寸的主要因素。同时，还介绍了粉末燃料应用于爆震发动机或燃烧室的案例；结合粉末爆震自身特点对实验装置和燃烧诊断测试手段和数值模拟方法进行总结分析；最后针对下一步需要开展的研究工作进行展望 。