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航天器发动机羽流对敏感器热效应仿真研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用差分求解N-S方程与DSMC方法相结合的方法,研究了航天器单台发动机连续工作情况下真空羽流对航天器敏感器的热效应。首先通过求解N-S方程,获得发动机喷管的内流场,然后应用DSMC方法对喷管出口外轴对称羽流场进行计算,最后将轴对称羽流场计算结果作为模拟粒子入口边界条件,在并行计算机平台上进行三维羽流场和热效应计算得到航天器单发动机连续工作情况下羽流场对敏感器的热效应。以两个敏感器为例,对仿真结果进行了分析和比较,并得出了相应结论。 相似文献
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The second part of the work is devoted to studying the motion of fragmenting meteor bodies with ablation by fragments in a planet’s atmosphere, taking into account its non-isothermal character in altitude. The mechanical fragmentation of a meteoroid under the action of aerodynamic drag is considered in the context of statistical strength theory. An analytical solution for ballistics of a fragmenting body is obtained at a constant parameter of ablation. A theoretical analysis of the derived regularities is made and an example of their usage in the problem of a comet-asteroid hazard is presented. 相似文献
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Many concepts of future space systems involve the use of parabolic mirrors for optical applications. The need for a highly reflective finish means that performance of such systems will be particularly vulnerable to space debris and micrometeoroids. A case study was performed to examine the micrometeoroid and debris hazard posed to an orbiting parabolic mirror. The mirror considered was nominally Earth-pointed in a circular orbit with two candidate altitudes in low Earth orbit (LEO), well within the region inhabited by man-made debris. The timeframes of interest for the two missions were 2002–2004 and 2005–2015. Microgram and larger particles were considered.To perform this study, it was necessary to determine the debris and meteoroid flux across the parabolic surface. To assess sensitivity of results to uncertainity in available data, two approaches were taken. The first approach was an analytical procedure based on use of long duration exposure facility (LDEF) data and published theoretical results. The second approach used two readily available computer models: the ESA MASTER model and NASA's ORDEM96. In addition, an in-house implementation of the Grün meteoroid model was used. While multiple results were available for the total flux and flux distributed over azimuth, only the MASTER model was available for generating the desired elevation data to obtain the flux distribution over the parabolic mirror. In an attempt to bound the uncertainty in the knowledge of the elevation distribution, the results from both the MASTER and ORDEM96 models were processed together to form a separate, hybrid prediction. In addition, results were used in the preliminary design of a protective skirt.This case study elucidated the practical obstacles and considerations in performing a sufficiently accurate debris and meteoroid analysis using data and tools that are readily available to the broad space sector. The resulting procedures are useful in the assessment of the risk posed to optics by the meteoroid and debris environment and in the design of protection. 相似文献
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过渡区侧向喷流干扰的并行DSMC数值模拟研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在高空低密度环境,空间飞行器的控制面效率下降较快,反作用控制系统(RCS)作为改变飞行姿态或轨道的直接力系得到大量应用,为了精确预测高空RCS喷流与稀薄大气的干扰效应,本文建立了直角与表面非结构网格混合结构的DSMC数值算法以及网格自适应算法,保证了碰撞分子是在自适应后的亚网格内选取,提高了计算精度.采用静态随机负载平衡技术构建了并行DSMC代码,计算分析了不同压比条件下的三维平板模型侧向喷流与稀薄大气的干扰流场.计算的复杂流场结构和表面流动特征、分离长度与低密度风洞试验有较好的一致性.在保持来流参数不变的情况下,喷流干扰区的分离长度及喷流透射高度随着喷流压比的增大而增大.随着来流稀薄度的增加,来流对喷流的影响越来越弱,而喷流自身的影响区域却越来越大. 相似文献
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The paper is devoted to studying the motion of meteor bodies with mass outflow in a planet’s atmosphere, taking into account the non-isothermal character of the latter. Analytical solutions are obtained at the constant parameter of mass outflow in the model of a nonfragmenting meteoroid. A theoretical analysis of the derived regularities of the ballistics of such bodies is presented. 相似文献
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研究了过渡流域三维热化学非平衡流动DSMC方法实现的过程。以四面体非结构网格为基本单元,提出一种新型的高效搜索算法,该算法不仅可以快速跟踪模拟分子在网格之间的迁移,而且可以准确判别分子与物面是否相互作用,避免了原有算法中分子表面反射的非确定论判据。设计了适合三维DSMC方法的动态局部时间步长技术,节约了计算时间。将碰撞距离的思想引人到非结构网格上来,有效地消除了网格尺度小于三分之一平均自由程的限制。利用Fortran90的动态分配内存技术编制了适用于任意外形的通用计算程序。最后对全尺寸航天飞机高超声速绕流进行了数值试验,计算结果验证了该算法的可行性及高效性。 相似文献
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文章描述了一个用于航天器防护结构综合优化的独特方法——几何规划优化技术,以减小暴露于流星体和空间碎片超高速碰撞环境下的航天器防护结构系统的重量。空间碎片和流星体环境由广义加权目标函数的公式来定义。通过Wilkinson,Burch和Nysmith超高速碰撞预示模型说明几何规划的性能。表明遵循几何规划形式的超高速碰撞模型,可以进行综合非线性设计优化。 相似文献
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Possible consequences of collisions of natural cosmic bodies with the Earth’s atmosphere and surface are described. The methodological
basis of classification of consequences is the solution of meteor physics equations characterizing the trajectory of a body
in the atmosphere, namely, the dependence of the body’s velocity and mass on the flight altitude. The solution depends on
two dimensionless parameters characterizing the drag altitude and the role of mass loss by a meteoroid during its motion in
the atmosphere. Depending on values of these parameters, the degree of effect on the planetary surface considerably changes.
In particular, the conditions of cratering and meteorite fall on the planetary surface are obtained. The results are presented
in a simple analytical form. They quite match to the real events considered in the paper. Recommendations are given on further
investigations into the important problem of interaction of cosmic bodies with planetary atmospheres. 相似文献
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采用直接模拟蒙特卡洛(DSMC)方法对大型航天器离轨再入陨落过程中,其太阳翼帆板在稀薄过渡流域的气动力、气动热特性进行数值模拟,计算中采用流场直角与表面三角形非结构混合网格以及网格自适应技术处理这类复杂外形的流动模拟,考虑内能激发和化学反应来准确模拟气动加热,并基于MPI环境的并行算法解决计算量庞大的难题。通过计算分析太阳翼水平和垂直放置时在不同高度、不同攻角下的复杂流动特征,表明在90km以上高空,太阳翼垂直放置时,飞行器头部脱体激波与帆板脱体激波会产生更强烈、更复杂的激波/激波和激波/边界层的干扰,在气动力和气动热的双重作用下要比水平放置时的太阳翼更快地被撕裂并脱离目标航天器。 相似文献
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The separation of motions into slow (precession) and fast (nutation) components in the problem of the entry of a spacecraft (SC) with a small asymmetry into the atmosphere is considered. For the separation of the slow and fast motions the method of integral manifolds is used together with the asymptotic method for singularly perturbed systems. The separation of motions allows one to isolate the frequencies that are functions of the slow variables of a system, and further on, after determining the integer relations between them, to construct the resonant curves (surfaces). This method gives the possibility to analyze the conditions of the emergence of resonances for a SC at angles of attack that are not small and when aerodynamic characteristics are nonlinear. Examples of the construction of resonant curves for a SC with typical aerodynamic characteristics are considered. 相似文献
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针对火星稀薄大气环境的不确定性对进入器气动特性的影响问题,先以海盗号火星进入器的飞行试验数据对发展的三维并行直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)仿真软件进行了算例校验,再以火星科学实验室外形为例,计算气体组分、密度、温度及速度等来流参数的不确定性对进入器气动特性的影响偏差,定性定量给出火星高空稀薄环境下大气不确定性所带来的气动力特性规律。研究结果表明,通过与海盗号飞行实验数据的对比校验了所建立方法的正确性与可靠性;CO2大气环境对进入器气动特性的影响较大,利用空气稀薄环境中的计算及实验结果亦需进行CO2效应修正,这一点与连续流区的结论一致;来流密度及速度的不确定性对气动力、力矩特性均有影响,而来流温度影响的最大偏差小于0.5%;纵向压心对来流密度、温度及速度的扰动均不敏感。 相似文献
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We detected hydrogen Balmer-alpha (H(alpha)) emission in the spectra of bright meteors and investigated its potential use as a tracer for exogenous delivery of organic matter. We found that it is critical to observe the meteors with high enough spatial resolution to distinguish the 656.46 nm H(alpha) emission from the 657.46 nm intercombination line of neutral calcium, which was bright in the meteor afterglow. The H(alpha) line peak stayed in constant ratio to the atmospheric emissions of nitrogen during descent of the meteoroid. If all of the hydrogen originates in the Earth's atmosphere, the hydrogen atoms are expected to have been excited at T = 4400 K. In that case, we measured an H(2)O abundance in excess of 150 +/- 20 ppm at 80-90 km altitude (assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium in the air plasma). This compares with an expected <20 ppm from H(2)O in the gas phase. Alternatively, meteoric refractory organic matter (and water bound in meteoroid minerals) could have caused the observed H(alpha) emission, but only if the line is excited in a hot T approximately 10000 K plasma component that is unique to meteoric ablation vapor emissions such as Si(+). Assuming that the Si(+) lines of the Leonid spectrum would need the same hot excitation conditions, and a typical [H]/[C] = 1 in cometary refractory organics, we calculated an abundance ratio [C]/[Si] = 3.9 +/- 1.4 for the dust of comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle. This range agreed with the value of [C]/[Si] = 4.4 measured for comet 1P/Halley dust. Unless there is 10 times more water vapor in the upper atmosphere than expected, we conclude that a significant fraction of the hydrogen atoms in the observed meteor plasma originated in the meteoroid. 相似文献
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航天器发动机羽流对太阳电池板力及热效应仿真 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章将差分求解N-S方程与DSMC方法相结合,研究了航天器单台发动机连续工作时的真空羽流对航天器太阳电池板的力效应和热效应。通过求解N-S方程,获得发动机喷管的内流场;再以内流场计算结果作为模拟粒子入口边界条件,应用DSMC方法,在并行计算机平台上进行三维羽流场和力及热效应计算,得到航天器单发动机连续工作情况下羽流场对太阳电池板的力效应和热效应。文章以太阳电池板处于斜45°状态为例,对仿真结果进行了分析。 相似文献
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针对高超声速飞行器表面不规则缝隙的构型特征,将其简化为梯形缝隙模型;采用直接模拟蒙特卡洛(DSMC)方法对高超声速稀薄流中的缝隙绕流问题进行数值模拟;研究了不同的缝隙壁面倾角对流场结构以及壁面参数的影响,为航天器结构设计以及热防护设计提供了数值支持。结果表明:改变倾角会改变流场结构,当倾角减小时,外部流场会更深入缝隙内部,使得缝隙内流场和表面的气动参数增强,且倾角越小,影响的程度越深。同时,倾角减小也会减小缝隙内的旋涡强度,当倾角小于30°时,缝隙内的旋涡区域完全消失。 相似文献
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The estimation of the probability of capture into a resonance mode of motion is considered for a spacecraft with a small asymmetry during its entry into the atmosphere. It is assumed that the initial conditions of spacecraft motion are distributed uniformly in some sufficiently small domain. The problem is solved for the equations of spacecraft motion linear with respect to the angle of attack. An analytical estimate of the probability of the spacecraft capture into the resonance corresponding to an ascending branch of the velocity head is obtained. The emphasis in the analysis of the estimate is made on the effect of the spacecraft asymmetry type on the probability of capture. A comparison of the estimate with the results of numerical computation is carried out. A model problem concerning the construction of the domain of the spacecraft center of mass locations, most dangerous from the point of view of the realization of the stable resonant modes of motion, is solved. 相似文献