火箭三级无动力飞行段晃动的一种建模方法

对某运载火箭三级无动力飞行段晃动不稳定和姿态超差现象进行了分析。采用等效弹簧-质量晃动模型,基于牛顿-欧拉法建立了一种新的液体晃动方程,表明液体晃动与重力无关。对基于包含新的液体晃动方程的姿态动力学模型设计、仿真和飞行试验的结果表明:该晃动方程正确,可解决工程应用中的晃动不稳定和姿态超差问题。     

航天器编队飞行动力学模型和精度分析

航天器编队飞行动力学是基于相对轨道动力学方程的研究。文章首先采用动力学和运动学两种方法,推导出相对轨道动力学精确模型。根据是否存在假设和不同假设条件,给出编队飞行四种动力学模型,然后比较这些模型的优缺点,最后以数学仿真结果,对各种动力学模型精度进行分析比较。     

自旋火箭姿态运动的稳定性分析和数学仿真

本文主要对自旋火箭姿态运动的稳定性进行了分析,并给出了数学仿真结果。飞行试验结果表明,稳定性分析和数学仿真是正确、可靠的。     

机动飞行姿态下含气贮箱中液体晃动仿真分析

用瞬态动力学分析软件MSC／Dytran中的欧拉方法，对给定机动飞行姿态下含气枕气体贮箱内液体的晃动问题，进行了动力学仿真建模分析，并得出了给定时间段内液体晃动的仿真结果。仿真结果与理论分析较为符合。为类似问题提供了一种动力学仿真的解决方法。     

卫星编队飞行相对轨道的确定

卫星之间相对轨道的确定对于多颗卫星编队飞行的控制和任务是十分重要的。结合空间圆形的编队飞行星座，本文给出了描述卫星近距离运动的C-W方程，讨论了空间圆形的编队卫星星座的构成，进而设定了利用激光仪测量星间位置矢量，并设计了Kalman滤波器来实现相对轨道的确定，分析和仿真结果表明，Kalman滤波器能够有效提高相对位置确定精度并给出相对速度的高精度估计。     

椭圆轨道卫星编队飞行的构型设计

研究了椭圆轨道卫星编队飞行的构型设计问题。首先给出常用的两类相对运动方程,即基于相对轨道状态的相对运动方程和基于轨道根数的相对运动方程,并推导出两类相对运动方程之间的对应关系。然后,针对卫星编队飞行的构型设计问题,结合两类相对运动方程的优点,提出一种简化的编队飞行构型设计方法,避免了复杂的计算。最后通过数学仿真进行了验证。     

多个自由飞行空间机器人协调操作运动规划

本文提出了在空间微重力环境下多个自由飞行空间机器人协调操作运动规划算法，首先推导出多个自由飞行空间机器人协调操作的广义雅可比矩阵，其次给出了基于该矩阵的多个自由飞行空间机器人协调操作分解运动速度控制算法，最后用计算机仿真验证了该算法的正确性。     

多臂协调操作自由飞行空间机器人的位置和内力混合控制

基于多臂自由飞行空间机器人多臂协调操使负载沿着期望的轨迹运动并且控制负载所受的内力为目的，在多臂自由飞行空间机器人系统协调操作的动力学方程基础上，推导了各个机械臂协调操作负载按期望轨迹运动时各个机械臂关节的驱动力矩的计算方法；给出了作用在负载的内力的定义，根据关节力矩计算方法和PID反馈控制原理，建立了多臂自由飞行空间机器人协调操作负载时的位置和内力的控制算法；讨论了所提出的控制算法的稳定性问题，得到了负载的位置误差和内力误差的约束条件。通过仿真实验证明该控制算法能够使负载的实际位姿和内力收敛到期望的轨迹和内力。     

充液航天器大幅晃动耦合动力学建模仿真研究

针对充液航天器大幅液体晃动与全星姿态运动的耦合问题,文章采用三维质心面法建立了储箱级等效力学模型和全星级耦合姿态动力学方程。该方法将储箱内液体等效为只能在其质心面内运动的质心点,而液体晃动对储箱的作用力（含力矩）用质心点与质心面之间的相互作用来模拟,同时利用牛顿欧拉法推导了液体晃动与航天器姿态运动的耦合动力学方程。数值仿真表明,计算结果与其国外实验卫星的在轨测量结果基本一致,从而初步验证了质心面等效力学模型用于全星级大幅液体晃动耦合动力学分析的有效性。     

变结构近空间飞行器大飞行包络控制特性研究

针对近空间飞行器大包络、多任务模式飞行运动,结合通用高超声速飞行器确立了近空间飞行器不同飞行阶段的机体结构,详细建立了气动参数由攻角、马赫数与控制舵面偏转最表示的12状态动力学方程,绘制了不同飞行阶段气动参数随攻角、马赫数的变化曲线,建立了近空间飞行器的大包络运动控制模型,而后研究了不同机体结构与飞行状态下的控制特性和各通道耦合性质,表明该系统可以有效用于全程强鲁棒稳定飞行控制系统的设计与仿真测试,充分体现了近空间飞行器非线性、时变、耦合等飞行运动特点,仿真验证表明了研究结果符合现有分析结果.     

极坐标系连续常值推力机动分析

连续常值推力是空间飞行常用的轨道机动方式，在空间交会与星际航行使命中具有重要的应用价值。其中，小推力适合于地球轨道航天器交会机动，而切向或周向推力以及较大的正径向推力可用于脱离地球引力场的逃逸飞行，执行星际交会使命。应用常推力作用下的极坐标系质心运动方程，对机动推力的量值没有限制；在航天器交会应用中，对相对距离也无要求。这种方法可直接获得向径与速度等轨道参数随时间或极角（绕地心的转动角）的变化，便于分析轨道转移与逃逸运动，有助于飞行使命与运动轨迹的设计。特别是，若机动转移的初轨为圆轨道，在推力较小、飞行时间不长的情况下，应用无量纲形式运动方程，可获得具有工程应用价值的近似解。文章给出一些有关的结果与应用案例。     

含板类柔性附件的充液航天器动力学研究

对含有板类柔性附件和曲壁轴对称充液储腔的复杂航天器系统进行动力学建模和耦合机理研究。首先，采用Kirchhoff-Love薄板理论对航天器的板类柔性附件进行研究，通过D’Alembert原理得到柔性附件的振动方程，运用模态假设法将混合方程转换为常微分方程。其次，通过推导充液航天器储腔内任意点的运动，得到储腔液体的牵连速度势函数，采用Gauss超几何级数得到液体相对速度势函数的解析形式，通过Hamilton变分原理推导液体晃动的运动方程，以及液体速度势函数模态系数的控制方程。最后采用准坐标Lagrange方程得到耦合航天器系统的状态方程，通过数值仿真校验系统动力学模型的有效性。研究结果表明，刚性平台、液体、柔性附件的相互耦合效应使得航天器系统存在复杂动力学行为，在复杂航天器系统动力学建模过程中需要充分考虑液体晃动和柔性附件振动的影响，柔性附件的安装位置对于耦合航天器系统的动力学行为也有着重要影响。     

随动推力作用下柔性旋转飞行器稳定性分析

针对柔性旋转飞行器动力学问题,考虑了飞行器转速的作用,建立了计入陀螺力矩及随动推力影响的运动方程并分析了系统的动力稳定性问题。将柔性旋转飞行器简化为带有附加质量的非均匀转子结构,考虑陀螺力矩及随动推力的影响,采用剪切变形对轴向位移有影响的Timoshenko梁模型,基于有限元方法建立了运动方程,分析转速、剪切刚度及附加质量等因素对系统稳定性的影响,发现了转速作用下旋转飞行器刚体和弹性体模态耦合的新现象。结果表明：剪切刚度较小时,剪切变形对临界推力有较大影响;附加质量的大小及位置对临界推力和不稳定域有重要的影响;转速一般会诱发非均匀转子系统的弯曲模态与刚体模态合并为一个耦合模态,致使系统产生动态失稳。     

Determination of attitude motion of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Foton M-3</Emphasis> satellite according to the data of onboard measurements of the Earth’s magnetic field

The results of reconstruction of rotational motion of the Foton M-3 satellite during its uncontrolled flight in September 2007 are presented. The reconstruction was performed by processing the data of onboard measurements of the Earth’s magnetic field obtained by the DIMAC instruments. The measurements were carried out continuously throughout the flight, but the processing technique dealt with the data portions covering time intervals of a few orbital revolutions. The data obtained on each such interval were processed jointly by the least squares method with using integration of the equations of satellite motion relative to its center of mass. When processing, the initial conditions of motion and the used mathematical model’s parameters were estimated. The results of processing 16 data sets gave us complete information about the satellite motion. This motion, which began at a low angular velocity, had gradually accelerated and in five days became close to the regular Euler precession of an axisymmetric solid body. At the end of uncontrolled flight the angular velocity of the satellite relative to its lengthwise axis was 0.5 deg/s; the angular velocity projection onto the plane perpendicular to this axis had a magnitude of about 0.18 deg/s.     

Reconstruction of spacecraft rotational motion using a Kalman filter

Quasi-static microaccelerations of four satellites of the Foton series (nos. 11, 12, M-2, M-3) were monitored as follows. First, according to measurements of onboard sensors obtained in a certain time interval, spacecraft rotational motion was reconstructed in this interval. Then, along the found motion, microacceleration at a given onboard point was calculated according to the known formula as a function of time. The motion was reconstructed by the least squares method using the solutions to the equations of satellite rotational motion. The time intervals in which these equations make reconstruction possible were from one to five orbital revolutions. This length is increased with the modulus of the satellite angular velocity. To get an idea on microaccelerations and satellite motion during an entire flight, the motion was reconstructed in several tens of such intervals. This paper proposes a method for motion reconstruction suitable for an interval of arbitrary length. The method is based on the Kalman filter. We preliminary describe a new version of the method for reconstructing uncontrolled satellite rotational motion from magnetic measurements using the least squares method, which is essentially used to construct the Kalman filter. The results of comparison of both methods are presented using the data obtained on a flight of the Foton M-3.     

Determination of parameters of rotational motion of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Monitor-E</Emphasis> spacecraft from the telemetry data on solar batteries’ current

The Monitor-E spacecraft executed uncontrolled flight due to emergency situation, no telemetry information on parameters of the spacecraft’s attitude motion being available. So, the problem arose to determine the spacecraft’s rotational motion from the accessible indirect information—the electric current provided by solar batteries. In this paper the integrated statistical technique is described, that allows one to solve this problem. The values of current, obtained over the time interval some tens of minutes long, have been processed simultaneously by the least squares method using the integration of the equations of spacecraft’s rotational motion. As a result of processing, the initial conditions of motion were estimated, and the spacecraft’s moments of inertia were updated, as well as the angles, specifying solar batteries position in the spacecraft-fixed coordinate system. The results of processing of 12 data sets are presented, which allowed us to reconstruct the actual rotational motion of the spacecraft.     

基于Fluent计算的火箭离轨姿态运动仿真与分析

在航天器姿态运动分析中常遇到液体的流动、晃动及流/固耦合等问题,针对这类问题建立精确的数学模型是很困难的,通常需要利用数值计算和仿真手段进行分析。利用用户互动功能(UDF),引入自定义的变量源函数,应用Fluent对运载火箭离轨姿态控制进行剩余燃料的流场数据分析。通过在流体运动方程中加入相关的牵连运动,得到在轨运行状态下贮箱内剩余液体的运动参数和对贮箱的干扰力矩,为运载火箭系统的姿态运动分析和仿真提供运算参数,使得流场的变化与运载火箭的姿态运动相关联,分析各个时刻流场运动状态对箭体姿态的影响。     

Uncontrolled Attitude Motion of the Foton-12 Satellite and Quasi-Steady Microaccelerations onboard It

The results of determination of the uncontrolled attitude motion of the Foton-12 satellite (placed in orbit on September 9, 1999, terminated its flight on September 24, 1999) are presented. The determination was carried out by the onboard measurement data of the Earth's magnetic field strength vector. Intervals with a duration of several hours were selected from data covering almost the entire flight. On each such interval the data were processed simultaneously using the least squares method by integrating the satellite's equations of motion with respect to the center of mass. The initial conditions of motion and the parameters of the mathematical model employed were estimated in processing. The results obtained provided for a complete representation of the satellite's motion during the flight. This motion, beginning with a small angular velocity, gradually sped up. The growth of the component of the angular velocity with respect to the longitudinal axis of the satellite was particularly strong. During the first several days of the flight this component increased virtually after every passage through the orbit's perigee. As the satellite's angular velocity increased, its motion became more and more similar to the regular Euler precession of an axisymmetric rigid body. In the last several days of flight the satellite's angular velocity with respect to its longitudinal axis was about 1 deg/s and the projection of the angular velocity onto the plane perpendicular to this axis had a magnitude of approximately 0.15 deg/s. The deviation of the longitudinal axis from the normal to the orbit plane did not exceed 60°. The knowledge of the attitude motion of the satellite allowed us to determine the quasi-steady microacceleration component onboard it at the locations of the technological and scientific equipment.     

卫星液体晃动气浮台仿真试验系统的运动分析

本文通过边界元数值法求解了部分充液自旋球腔内的液体晃动问题。以流体运动的基本方程和系统运动的Ｅｕｌｅｒ动力学方程为基础，考虑了贮箱偏置、涡旋、重力及Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ力等因素对流体晃动和系统运动状态的影响，求解出液体的速度场，并在此基础上估算液体的能量耗散率和系统的章动时间常数     

带多充液圆柱贮箱航天器刚-液耦合动力学研究

文中以在低重环境下带多充液圆柱贮箱刚性航天器中刚-液耦合方程的建立和求解为主要研究目的。推导航天器中充液圆柱贮箱内任意点的牵连运动方程,根据壁面边界条件给出了贮箱内液体牵连晃动势的表达式;利用第二类边界条件下的傅立叶-贝塞尔级数展开法对低重力环境下的弯曲自由液面处的复杂动力学边界条件进行处理,建立以液体相对晃动势的模态坐标和晃动波高的模态坐标为状态向量的液体耦合晃动力学方程,通过积分分别得到了耦合晃动力和耦合晃动力矩的解析式;运用准坐标系下的拉格朗日方程建立以航天器主刚体姿态坐标和轨道坐标为状态向量的刚体耦合运动动力学方程,进一步联立上述耦合方程得到航天器整体系统的刚-液耦合动力学状态方程;最后,编制出适用于带多充液圆柱贮箱航天器内刚-液耦合动力学计算的模块化计算程序,通过计算实例验证所编程序的准确性的同时,研究了携带多充液箱航天器系统贮箱布局、外激励方式对航天器刚-液耦合系统动力学特性的影响。