高强度中间相沥青基泡沫碳的制备及性能

以中间相沥青为原料,通过加入中间相碳微球和溶剂抽提两种方法对中间相沥青进行改性,实现了对中间相沥青基泡沫碳的微观结构的调控,对两种方法进行了对比讨论.结果表明,改性后沥青制备的泡沫碳的裂纹数量较少,长度较短,并且泡沫碳的孔径较小;加入55%中间相碳微球的沥青制备的泡沫碳的炭化(1573 K)后的压缩强度高达26.2 MPa,在2 873 K石墨化后强度达到17.7 MPa,热导率为41.4 W/(m·K).利用甲苯抽提后的沥青得到的泡沫碳在炭化(1 573 K)后强度高达30.0 MPa,在2 873 K石墨化后强度达到9 MPa,热导率达到80 W/(m·K).     

高温处理对液相气化沉积碳/碳复合材料微观组织结构及力学性能的影响

 对用快速液相气化法制备的碳 /碳复合材料进行了石墨化处理;用 X-ray衍射技术和扫描电子显微镜对高温处理前后材料的微观组织结构及断口形貌进行了研究观察;分析了影响石墨化前后微观结构、力学性能变化及断裂失效模式的因素及机理。结果表明 :经石墨化处理后,d₀₀₂ 值降低,L_c 值升高,弯曲强度σ_f大幅度降低,层间剪切强度 ILSS升高,但随热处理温度提高,ILSS值有降低趋势。     

碳纳米管/碳复合材料的研究

以多壁碳纳米管和中间相沥青为原料制备了碳纳米管／碳复合材料，主要研究了碳管用量及热处理温度对材料制备的影响，考察了材料的弯曲强度、硬度和热、电传导性能。结果表明：随着热处理温度的增加，材料表现出较大的收缩和失重，碳管用量较少的样品失重、收缩更大，碳管用量15％(质量分数)的样品经2500℃处理后密度可达1．90g／cm^3；复合材料表现了远高于基体碳的弯曲强度和硬度；然而热、电传导性能远远低于基体碳。     

短纤维增强C／C复合材料模压成型工艺

本成果综合了常规及高温模压两种工艺的优点，将黏结剂沥青等混合料在模压成型的同时，随着模压温度的升高，压坯中的黏结剂沥青在模具内一并完成包裹浸渗和半碳化。采用本工艺，模压压力高（60～250MPa），最终模压温度高（550～750℃）；装备简单，模具寿命长，生产成本低；碳制品密度高达1．80g/cm^3，力学性能好。     

裂解温度对先驱体转化制备2D-Cf／SiC材料结构与性能的影响

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)、二乙烯基苯(DVB)和SiC微粉为原料制备了2D-Cf/SiC材料,考察了首次裂解温度对材料结构与性能的影响.结果表明,首次裂解温度的提高有助于弱化界面结合,形成良好的界面结构,从而提高材料的力学性能.当裂解温度从1000℃提高到1600℃时,材料的弯曲强度由200.7MPa提高到319.2MPa,剪切强度由16.8MPa提高到29.8MPa,断裂韧度由7.4 MPa·m1/2提高到15.0 MPa·m1/2.     

不同基体碳对单向C/C复合材料导热性能的影响

研究了不同基体碳结构对C/C复合材料导热性能的影响.结果表明:树脂碳与光滑层热解碳相比,树脂碳与碳纤维C2结合紧密,热处理过程中应力石墨化明显,而光滑层热解碳与碳纤维C2结合疏松,存在明显的界面裂纹,热处理过程中应力石墨化不明显.随着热处理温度的升高,树脂碳基体更有利于材料的热传导.     

碳/碳材料与石棉/酚醛间热摩擦系数试验

根据固体火箭发动机喉部结构的实际工况,取样并设计试验,采用SRV高温摩擦磨损试验机测试了碳/碳与模压石棉/酚醛材料间的热摩擦系数,总结了这两类材料间的摩擦系数随温度、接触载荷及摩擦速度的变化规律。试验结果表明,碳/碳与模压石棉/酚醛材料间的热摩擦系数随温度升高呈非线性单调下降趋势;含胶层的两材料组件间摩擦系数明显高于无胶层组件间摩擦系数;温度一定条件下,载荷增加使得摩擦系数小幅降低;随着摩擦速度的提高,摩擦系数呈增大趋势。     

酚醛浸渍碳烧蚀体(PICA)的制备、结构及性能

采用热塑性酚醛树脂溶液浸渍碳毡,经过溶胶-凝胶反应和常压干燥后,制备出一系列不同密度的酚醛浸渍烧蚀体(PICA)(0.27~0.47 g/cm3)材料,并系统研究了不同密度的PICA碳化前后微观形貌、力学性能及隔热性能的变化规律。结果表明:PICA具有典型的碳纤维增强酚醛气凝胶复合结构。不同密度的PICA均具有优异的力学性能和隔热性能,且弯曲强度为2.2~16.5 MPa,热导率为56~62 m W/(m·K)。在密度为0.40 g/cm3时,PICA弯曲强度最大,热导率最低。进一步通过1 000℃高温处理之后,相应的C-PICA材料仍然表现出轻质、高强、低热导率的特征。     

碳/碳复合材料导热性能的研究

对碳/碳复合材料在不同温度下的导热性能进行了研究。研究发现了碳/碳复合材料的导热机理介于金属材料和非金属材料之间,既有声子导热,又有电子导热。在实验温度范围内,导热系数随温度升高而增大。随碳/碳复合材料石墨化程度的增大,晶体微观结构渐趋完整,石墨片层的有序度增加,材料的导热性能增强。对于高密度的碳/碳复合材料,因为晶粒间联通状态良好,热传导载体运动的路径畅通,所以导热系数高。碳纤维及围绕纤维生长的热解碳是热传导的有效通道,所以沿纤维增强方向的导热系数高。     

中间相沥青碳微球的制备及其嵌锂行为的研究

以含0．46％－3．7％（质量分数）吡啶不溶物（PI）的宝钢煤焦油为原料，在450℃下自升压热缩聚制备中间相碳微球（MCMB），然后将其在700℃下进行碳化。应用SEM、恒电流充放电等技术研究了所得MCMB的表面物理形态及充放电性能。研究发现：随原料中一次PI含量的增加，MCMB的球径逐渐减小；首次电容量从326mA.h.g^-1增至425mA.h.g^-1，首次不可逆容量先增加而后减小，而首次充放电效率先减小而后增加。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.