大攻角侧向喷流流场特性及喷流干扰效应

采用HLLC近似黎曼解格式求解N-S方程,对大攻角条件下超音速尖拱细长旋成体导弹的单侧向喷流干扰流场进行了数值模拟.并对喷流流场压力分布、喷口附近流动及流场旋涡结构进行了研究,分析了大攻角对细长旋成体侧向喷流干扰压力分布及干扰因子的影响.研究结果表明,HLLC格式计算复杂流场具有较好的数值稳定性;侧向喷流与来流的干扰总...     

高超声速再入钝头体表面热流计算

采用边界层外缘无黏流场数值求解三维可压缩定常Euler方程,将所得物面压力分布作为边界层外缘条件,用于边界层内跟踪流线的轴对称比拟工程算法,计算高超声速有攻角再入钝头体的表面热流。某钝双锥算例结果表明:算得的表面热流与实验数据吻合很好。该方法较纯工程算法提高了精度,较数值求解整个流场Navi-er-Stokes方程节省计算时间,对准确计算全轨道飞行复杂形状高超声速飞行器表面的热流分布有一定价值,适宜高超声速飞行器方案设计阶段气动热环境预测的需要。     

数值模拟侧向超声速单喷流干扰流场特性

采用数值方法研究了平板上超/高超声速来流与超声速横向喷流相撞引起的复杂干扰流场特性。所建立的单介质冷喷流数值模拟方法,经过了表面多方位压力分布测量结果、纹影显示的激波结构以及表面油流图谱表现的表面分离范围的实验验证。根据数值模拟与实验对比的结果,合理地描述了喷流干扰流场压力分布以及表面、空间结构特性,并分析了压力比对流场结构和特性的影响。     

高超声速飞行器激波控制减阻技术

针对高超声速飞行器巨大的激波阻力，采用数值方法研究了由钝头体、气动杆和侧向喷流构成的组合模型的减阻性能。侧向喷流将弓形激波推离气动杆，组合模型的再附激波明显弱于传统气动杆模型，其阻力系数比气动杆模型低了33.52%，从而验证了本文组合模型优异的减阻效率。进行了组合模型的影响因素分析，随侧向喷流总压比和气动杆的长度的增加，再附激波强度减弱，减阻效率升高，但减阻效率的变化速率逐渐减小。随喷口位置向下游移动，再附激波逐渐增强，减阻效率降低，且减阻效率的变化速率逐渐增加。此外本文还研究了以上参数对流场结构及钝头体压力峰值位置的影响。     

高超声速层流干扰流场研究

文章研究了高超声速来流绕三维凸起物的层流干扰流场特征。研究工作在M=8轻活塞式炮风洞内完成，通过可改变楔角的模型试验给出纹影照片与特征位置的表面压力分布，分析了楔角变化引起的流动分离范围的变化、激波系的生成与演变以及压力分布及压力峰值改变规律。     

大钝体三维粘性流场数值模拟

本文用有限差分法数值求解薄层Ｎ－Ｓ方程，模拟了高超声速绕大钝头倒锥体的三维粘性流场。来流Ｍ∞＝７．０，Ｒｅ∞４．５×１０５，差分格式为二阶迎风ＴＶＤ格式。给出了包括复杂三维分离流动现象在内的流场结构，及其整体物面压力分布。研究了攻角对流场的影响，发现在一定攻角以后，流场结构发生很大的变化。     

高超声速绕平板上直立圆柱流动特性研究

以平板上直立平无限谪圆柱体为研究对象，采用和Ｒｏｅ三阶通量差分分裂格式求解雷诺平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程，数值模拟研究了高超声速且壁面有传热条件下三维流流场的激波边界层干扰特性，物面压力分布计算值与值吻合良好，数值模拟结果可见圆柱上游分离区流场是一个马蹄形五涡结构且存在有二次分离激波，这是一种值得深入研究的流动新现象。     

基于HIFIRE-5外形的高超声速飞行器流场特性数值仿真研究

采用数值仿真方法,开展了高超声速飞行器(HIFIRE-5)的流场特性计算研究,精确捕捉高超声速流场中的波系、背流面横向流动及表面流动现象,并对激波及横向流动其机理进行了详细分析。结果表明,所用数值计算方法有效,横向流动和横流失稳是产生流场三维涡系结构的主要原因,该认识可为类似外形高超声速飞行器的气动外形设计、优化及气动特性分析提供参考。     

基于HIFIRE-5外形的高超声速飞行器

采用数值仿真方法，开展了高超声速飞行器（HIFIRE-5）的流场特性计算研究，精确捕捉高超声速流场中的波系、背流面横向流动及表面流动现象，并对激波及横向流动其机理进行了详细分析。结果表明，所用数值计算方法有效，横向流动和横流失稳是产生流场三维涡系结构的主要原因，该认识可为类似外形高超声速飞行器的气动外形设计、优化及气动特性分析提供参考。     

吸气式高超声速飞行器气动热试验研究

为获得吸气式高超声速飞行器气动热环境的数据,开展了气动热试验研究。在激波风洞中,来流马赫数Ma=6.12,来流单位雷诺数Re/L=1.37×107(1/m)试验条件下,对吸气式高超声速飞行器1/4缩比模型进行了表面气动热的测量。试验获得了小攻角变化范围内的飞行器头部前缘、头部上下交线、机身上下表面中心线、机身横截面周向、平尾垂尾前缘、发动机唇口等位置的热流率分布。研究结果表明,吸气式高超声速飞行器头部前缘、前体进气道壁面、发动机唇口、平尾垂尾前缘气动加热最为严重,另外乘波体外形的设计与布局影响热流的分布。     

Motion of a Planet with a Complex Structure

The motion of a planet consisting of a mantle and a core (solid bodies) connected by a viscoelastic layer and interacting with each other and an external point mass by the law of gravitation is considered. The mutual motions of the core and mantle are investigated assuming that the centers of mass of the planet and external point mass moves along undisturbed Keplerian orbits around the common center of mass of the system. The planetary core and mantle have an axial symmetry and different principal moments of inertia, which leads to a displacement of the center of mantle relative to the center of core and to their mutual rotations. The results obtained on the basis of averaged equations are illustrated by the example of the Earth–Moon system.     

Equilibrium positions of a weight on a cable fixed to a dumbbell-shaped space station moving along a circular geocentric orbit

The motion of a space object in the gravitational field of the Earth is considered. The object consists of an extended space station and a weight, which is free to move along the cable fixed to the ends of the station. It is assumed that the station is composed of two masses coupled by a weightless rod, while the cable is weightless and non-stretched. The equations of motion of such a system are derived for the case when the motion proceeds in a single plane, while the center of mass of the system moves along a circular geocentric orbit. The conditions of the cable tension (conditions of being on tie) are derived. The phase portrait of the weight motion along the cable is constructed when the station is oriented to the attracting center or is perpendicular to this position. The possibility to leave the tie in this case is analyzed. Equilibrium configurations of the system are found, i.e., such motions of the object under consideration at which the weight does not change its position relative to the station. Lyapunov stability of such configurations is analyzed for two situations: when the station is composed of equal masses and when masses at the ends of the station are different. In particular, for the case of different masses it is established that there exist such positions of equilibrium at which the dumbbell is located at an angle to the direction to the attracting center. In some cases these positions can be stabilized (if the weight is fixed on the cable).     

Between a celestial body and a spacecraft: Making the space elevator a success

The space elevator will operate in near-Earth space, under the attraction of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. It will have to avoid collisions with active satellites, with space debris and with meteoroids, not counting other minor adverse phenomena. The exceedingly long cable cannot be a passive and limp body. It must be an active part of the elevator, withstanding lunisolar and other perturbations threatening its stability. The cable must have sensors and thrusters at appropriate locations along the cable. Sensors would serve for detection of objects on a collision course and thrusters for station-keeping and for initiating evasive manoeuvres. Adaptive control must be used for that purpose. Extensive series of numerical simulations will have to be performed to ascertain that the elevator is stable and that possible oscillations do not interfere with the main function of the elevator.     

拆掉阻挡思维的墙——从航天员教员到模拟航天员的跨界选择

当凭借影片《国王的演讲》获得第83届奥斯卡金像奖最佳男主角的科林·弗斯（ColinFirth），在国际顶级生物学学术期刊《Cell》的子期刊《CurrentBiology》上发表了一篇极为专业的科研论文时，全世界一片哗然，为之震惊!当电影《泰坦尼克号》导演、年届57岁的卡梅隆驾驶单人深潜器下潜至马里亚纳海沟海渊底部的时候，我们看到了一个雄心勃勃的跨界玩家。为什么时下如此多的人开始拆掉阻挡思维的墙？因为界外的世界很精彩!     

Navigation Solution to Maneuver a Spacecraft Relative to a Sphere Centered on a Cooperative Satellite

A differential correction algorithm is presented to deliver an impulsive maneuver to a satellite to place it within a sphere, with a user defined radius, centered around a non-maneuvering satellite within a constrained time. The differential correction algorithm develops and utilizes the State Transition Matrix along with the Equations of Motion and multiple satellite?s state information to determine the optimum trajectory to achieve the desired results. The results from the differential correction algorithm are very accurate for prograde orbits, as presented. The results allow for orbit design trade-offs, including satellites? initial inclinations, semi-major axes, as well as the ballistic coefficients. The results also provide an empirical method to determine the optimum ΔV$\mathrm{\Delta }V$ solution for the provided problem. Understanding that the minimum fuel solution lies with a semi-major axis ratio of 1, a very accurate empirical approximation is presented for semi-major axis ratio values less than and greater than 1. This work ultimately provides the generalized framework for applying the algorithm to a unique user defined maneuvering spacecraft scenario.     

Peristaltic transport of a viscoelastic fluid in a channel

This paper is devoted to the study of the peristaltic transport of viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluids with fractional Maxwell model in a channel. Approximate analytical solutions have been constructed using Adomian decomposition method under the assumption of long wave boundary layer type approximation and low Reynolds number. The effects of relaxation time, fractional parameters and amplitude on the pressure difference and friction force along one wavelength are received and analyzed. The study is limited to one way coupling model with forward effect of the fluid on the peristaltic wall. It is evident from the result that pressure diminishes with increase in relaxation time and the effects of both fractional parameters on pressure are opposite to each other. The influences of these parameters on friction force are opposite to that of pressure.     

On Embedding a Qualitative Representation in a Two-Dimensional Plane

Abstract

This paper discusses embedding in a two-dimensional plane a symbolic representation for spatial data using the simple objects, points (P), lines (L), circuits (C), and areas (A). We have proposed PLCA as a new framework for a qualitative spatial reasoning. In a PLCA expression, the entire figure is represented in a form in which all the objects are related. We investigate the conditions for two-dimensional realizability of a PLCA expression, and derive the relation that the numbers of objects in a PLCA expression should have. In this process, we use the well-known Euler's formula. We also give an algorithm for drawing the figure of the PLCA expression that satisfies this condition in a two-dimensional plane and prove its correctness. The algorithm generates a quantitative expression from qualitative expression.     

Optimal Control of a Programmed Turn of a Spacecraft

A problem of optimal turn of a spacecraft is considered. The time of turn is minimized, as well as the functional having a meaning of the propellant consumption. An analytical solution to the problem stated is derived. It is demonstrated that the solution optimal in this sense belongs to a class of two-impulse controls, under which a spacecraft executes the turn along the trajectory of its free motion. The solution obtained in this paper differs from earlier available solutions considerably. The estimations of the propellant consumption for a realization of the programmed turn are made.     

某型卫星有效载荷支架振动抑制

某型号卫星的有效载荷支架结构在验收级振动试验时振动超标。在对结构不做大的修改的前提下，采用约束阻尼层用对原结构进行处理。对不同的约束阻尼层方案采用有限元方法进行计算，综合考虑各种影响因素，如阻尼比和附加质量等，得到合理的约束阻尼减振方案，并在结构星上进行试验，确定最终实施方案。实施方案后，正样星在0．1g振动条件下，最大振动幅值下降了22．3％，保证了卫星的顺利发射。该卫星已经成功发射，并且在轨运行正常。该问题的成功解决和解决问题的方法与过程为今后解决类似问题提供了经验。