声电换能超材料设计与性能

设计了一种将Helmholtz共振效应与压电效应结合的声电换能超材料结构及电路系统,通过传递矩阵法对超材料的能带结构进行了分析.以压电片作为Helmholtz共振器基底通过阵列形成超材料结构.当入射噪声频率与共振频率一致时,声电转换效率最高.利用COMSOL分别对超材料单元及系统进行仿真,验证了超材料单元对于噪声的抑制...     

A comparative study on acoustic damping induced by half-wave, quarter-wave, and Helmholtz resonators

The damping characteristics of three-type resonators, a half-wave, a quarter-wave, and a Helmholtz resonator are studied experimentally by adopting linear acoustic test. A quantitative acoustic property of sound absorption coefficient in a model enclosure with the resonators is measured and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of a resonator is characterized. For a comparative study on acoustic damping, the damping capacity of a half-wave resonator is compared with that of the other resonators. A half-wave and a quarter-wave resonators have the same damping mechanism, but a quarter-wave resonator has much larger damping capacity than a half-wave resonator with the same diameter of a single resonator. It is found that shorter length of a resonator has the advantage of longer one with respect to the damping capacity. The damping capacity of a Helmholtz resonator increases with cavity volume and does as the orifice length decreases. A Helmholtz resonator has the highest damping capacity of three-type resonators and a half-wave resonator has the lowest. Besides, a Helmholtz resonator requires the smallest number of resonators for optimal damping. The design criterion of each resonator on the optimal damping is provided by the normalized parameter of open-area ratio and the similarity behavior for the optimal damping is observed for various enclosure diameters.     

航空减压器输出特性回归分析及参数优化

为研究某型航空双级气体减压器设计参数对输出特性的影响规律,建立减压器AMESim模型并与测试结果对比验证;采用响应面法获得减压器设计参数与输出特性的二次回归模型,分析减压器设计参数的影响;利用带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对二次回归模型进行优化,得到最优设计参数。响应面结果显示:反馈孔面积是影响输出压力超调量的关键因素,与阀芯密封处动泄漏面积的交互作用对超调量影响显著;阀芯质量是影响输出压力脉动强度的关键因素,与弹簧刚度、膜片刚度的交互作用对脉动强度影响显著。优化结果表明:减压器二级结构的阀芯质量、反馈孔面积、主弹簧刚度、副弹簧刚度、阀芯密封处动泄漏面积和膜片刚度分别为52.26 g、9.06 mm2、67.27 N/mm、10.68 N/mm、0.64 mm2和89.49 N/mm时输出特性达到最优,优化后输出压力超调量降低了28.72%,脉动强度降低了40.63%。      

Multi-sensor control for precise assembly of optical components

In order to perform an optical assembly accurately, a multi-sensor control strategy is developed which includes an attitude measurement system, a vision system, a loss measurement system and a force sensor. A 3-DOF attitude measuring method using linear variable differential transformers （LVDT） is designed to adjust the relation of position and attitude between the spher- ical mirror and the resonator. A micro vision feedback system is set up to extract the light beam and the diaphragm, which can achieve the coarse positioning of the spherical mirror in the optical assembly process. A rapid self-correlation method is presented to analyze the spectrum signal for the fine positioning. In order to prevent the damage of the optical components and realize sealing of the resonator, a hybrid force-position control is constructed to control the contact force of the optical components. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-sensor control strategy succeeds in accomplishing the precise assembly of the optical components, which consists of parallel adjustment, macro coarse adjustment, macro approach, micro fine adjustment, micro approach and optical contact. Therefore, the results validate the multi-sensor control strategy.     

超声速风扇叶型设计研究

为了设计低流动损失超声风扇叶型,研制出基于数值最优化超声叶型设计软件.以叶型主要几何参数为叶型设计参数,针对轴向进气第一级风扇转子采用给定轮缘功、损失最小为目标函数.设计的优化叶型后面大部分呈平直因此气流转角小、减速增压完全通过激波实现.沿弦向叶片厚度逐渐增加使叶栅通道呈收缩,总体上使流过叶栅超声气流得到减速增压.优化叶型所构成叶栅流场具有多道激波、流动损失低.设计结果表明设计方法的可行性,并可为超声风扇叶型设计提供新思路.      

Adaptive Nonlinear Optimal Compensation Control for Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator

 Directing to the strong position coupling problem of electro-hydraulic load simulator (EHLS), this article presents an adap-tive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy based on two estimated nonlinear parameters, viz. the flow gain coeffi-cient of servo valve and total factors of flow-pressure coefficient. Taking trace error of torque control system to zero as control object, this article designs the adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy, which regards torque control output of closed-loop controller converging to zero as the control target, to optimize torque tracking performance. Electro-hydraulic load simulator is a typical case of the torque system which is strongly coupled with a hydraulic positioning system. This article firstly builds and analyzes the mathematical models of hydraulic torque and positioning system, then designs an adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller, proves the validity of parameters estimation, and shows the comparison data among three control structures with various typical operating conditions, including proportion-integral-derivative (PID) controller only, the velocity synchronizing controller plus PID controller and the proposed adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller plus PID controller. Experimental results show that systems’ nonlinear parameters are estimated exactly using the proposed method, and the trace accuracy of the torque system is greatly enhanced by adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control, and the torque servo system capability against sudden disturbance can be greatly improved.     

一种转子动力吸振器的参数优化方法

对用于抑制转子系统启机过临界转速时过大振动的动力吸振器进行参数优化设计,以达到最优抑振目的。利用有限元方法建立动力吸振器-转子耦合系统的动力学方程,求得耦合系统的半数值半解析的响应表达式。设计优化策略利用响应解与限边界的坐标轮换法相结合,寻找动力吸振器的最佳设计变量;将所得最优参数的动力吸振器与常规优化设计方法设计的动力吸振器的抑振性能进行对比,并分析动力吸振器对参数最优偏离的敏感性。结果表明:该参数优化方法优化的动力吸振器能降低1阶共振幅值达45.4%,说明了该方法的有效性;该方法比两种有效的常规优化方法优化的动力吸振器的抑振效果分别高11.2%、9%,可见其优化效果的优异性;与阻尼最优偏离相比,该参数优化方法优化的动力吸振器的抑振性能对刚度最优偏离具有更高的敏感性。      

吸附式压气机转子叶片气动优化设计

进行吸附式压气机转子叶片气动设计方法研究.提出通过迭代设计,应用三维流场计算结果提供S₂流面通流计算损失模型,提高了S₂流面流场计算精度;将最优化方法与数值模拟技术相结合,建立吸气与型面耦合的回转面二维叶型优化设计和三维叶片优化设计软件;应用所构建的设计软件,进行吸附式压气机转子设计,数值模拟结果表明:该转子在0.86的叶尖载荷下,设计点总压比为1.631、等熵效率为0.965,实现了高气动性能.      

基于头部运动要求的六自由度头盔伺服系统尺寸优化设计及其方法

以头部运动特性为设计要求,对六自由度头盔伺服系统的尺寸优化设计及其方法进行了研究.通过实验数据分析,总结了飞行学员训练过程中头部的运动特性.将运动特性分为两类——必备指标和可选指标,并以此为设计性能要求,定义了头盔伺服系统各运动特性指标的目标函数,并结合非线性最小二乘法的原理,建立了优化问题的数学模型.提出了一种基于C...     

Research on parafoil stability using a rapid estimate model

With the consideration of rotation between canopy and payload of parafoil system,a four-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) longitudinal static model was used to solve parafoil state variables in straight steady flight.The aerodynamic solution of parafoil system was a combination of vortex lattice method (VLM) and engineering estimation method.Based on small disturbance assumption,a 6-DOF linear model that considers canopy additional mass was established with benchmark state calculated by 4-DOF static model.Modal analysis of a dynamic model was used to calculate the stability parameters.This method,which is based on a small disturbance linear model and modal analysis,is high-efficiency to the study of parafoil stability.It is well suited for rapid stability analysis in the preliminary stage of parafoil design.Using this method,this paper shows that longitudinal and lateral stability will both decrease when a steady climbing angle increases.This explains the wavy track of the parafoil observed during climbing.     

快速声散射方法在变截面管道中的应用

 快速声散射方法(FSM)是一种基于无流动Helmholtz方程边值问题的声散射预测工具,具有快速、灵活的特点.以航空发动机消声短舱的声学设计为背景,用该方法对变截面管道声传播特性进行数值模拟研究,用直接边界元方法(DBEM)进行数值求解,避免了求解管口反射系数,有效地提高了计算速度.数值研究了刚性壁面和不同位置壁面声衬组合对变截面圆环管道形状声传播的影响,并分析了管道厚度对散射声场的影响,数值结果与声类比方法结果进行了相互验证.最后,还对一种真实转子声源进行了管道声散射的数值研究,结果表明本方法在航空发动机声学设计中具有工程应用价值.     

基于均匀设计法的涡轮叶栅水滴型前缘修型结构的数值优化研究

为了最大程度地降低端区二次流对涡轮叶栅带来的流动损失,对某典型低压涡轮叶栅引入水滴型前缘修型结构并进行设计参数优化。首先使用控制变量法研究单一设计参数变化对流动控制效果的影响;然后基于均匀设计法,对不同设计参数组合的水滴型前缘修型结构的流动控制效果进行数值模拟,获取控制端区二次流最优的设计方案。结果表明：控制变量优化下的最佳设计方案可以使总压损失降低6.1%;均匀设计优化下的最佳设计方案可以使总压损失降低8.61%。与控制变量法相比,均匀设计法得到的水滴型前缘修型优化结构能够更大程度地降低前缘马蹄涡强度,延后通道涡到达吸力面的位置,减小通道涡对主流的影响范围,进而从流动机理层面证实了均匀设计法优化水滴型前缘修型的可行性。     

基于协同进化粒子群和Pareto最优解的卫星编队队形重构方法

针对卫星编队自主队形重构问题,提出了基于协同进化粒子群优化(CPSO)和Pareto最优解的求解方法.首先,使用Legendre伪谱法(LPM)将队形重构问题离散化为非线性规划(NLP)问题;其次,根据卫星编队的特点及碰撞规避的需要,使用CPSO算法对重构问题采用既独立又集中的求解方式,避免了传统优化方法对梯度的求解;...     

Conditions for exciting the maximal gas vibration amplitude in a combustion chamber of the Helmholtz resonator type

In this paper, we present the results of calculating conditions for gas vibration excitement, sound pressure frequency and level as a function of mixture composition, geometric burner parameters and the resonator throat with constant capacity. We estimate in quantity the parameters influencing a vibration combustion process in the Helmholtz resonator with the inlet multichannel burner which result in the maximum possible gas vibration amplitude value.     

基于粒子群算法的航空离心泵复合叶轮优化设计研究

针对航空离心泵复合叶轮三元扭曲型线的优化设计问题,基于Matlab平台采用五点四次Bezier曲线控制四条轴面流线的空间圆周角度分布,实现复合叶型的参数化设计。在此基础上,应用批处理联合仿真方法对125组优化空间样本进行数值模拟,并以效率函数为目标,基于高斯型径向基函数构建复合叶轮型线参数的性能代理模型。最后采用粒子群算法对优化设计参数进行全局寻优搜索。结果表明,代理模型的修正复相关系数为0.9269,标准差为0.1036,能够满足参数预测的性能要求,优化后整泵水力效率提高2.72%。     

Stewart平台铰点工作空间的研究

针对并联六自由度运动平台工作空间大小与结构尺寸参数评价关系问题进行了探讨,提出了6-6结构六自由度并联机构铰点工作空间的概念,并以此出发建立了工作空间大小与尺寸参数的联接关系表达式,从而实现了直接依据工作空间大小进行结构尺寸设计而不必进行大量工作空间反复核算。通过仿真实验不仅验证了投入使用的飞行模拟器六自由度运动平台结构设计的合理性,而且依据铰点工作空间的原理构造出Stewart平台位置可达工作空间。此方法既为系统总体结构参数合理选择提供理论依据,又对Stewart平台工程设计提供机构边界运动范围,为工作空间的分析与综合提供了新途径。     

民用飞机液压系统建模与负载流量需求计算的研究

飞机液压系统的一个重要设计指标是能够满足全飞行剖面场景下的负载流量需求。介绍了一种用于飞机液压系统负载流量需求分析的数字仿真分析方法,通过开发数学模型构建了液压能源子系统和液压用户的负载子系统模型,进而仿真分析典型飞行剖面下液压系统的负载流量需求,模拟了飞机液压系统的动态工作过程,能够反映飞机液压系统与液压用户负载之间的耦合动态特性。仿真结果表明,这套模型满足液压系统分析需求,可用于液压系统的设计支持工作。     

高空长航时无人机总体参数多目标优化

以高空长航时无人机的总体方案研究为背景,对高空长航时无人机总体参数建立了多目标优化模型,运用多目标遗传算法进行优化设计,最后通过建立的计算机程序得出优化结果.多目标优化用于高空长航时无人机总体参数优化,可以更加合理地评价高空长航时无人机的总体参数的最佳组合,避免设计上的缺陷,提高设计效率.结果表明,高空长航时无人机优化后的总体性能得到改善,说明该方法适用于高空长航时无人机总体方案的优化设计,对方案研究有一定参考价值.     

两自由度非线性吸振器在简谐激励下的振动抑制

 为了分析两自由度(2-DOF)非线性吸振器(NES)在主共振附近产生周期及非周期响应时的振动抑制效果,首先应用复变量-平均法,推导了线性主结构连接一个2-DOF NES的系统在主共振附近的慢变力学模型,并对系统平衡点的稳定性进行了分析,进一步对系统响应类型进行了预测。然后,应用增量谐波平衡(IHB)法,对系统的慢变模型进行了数值验证。之后,对系统在稳态响应段及强调制响应(SMR)段的振动抑制效果进行了比较。最后研究了该系统在激励频率小幅变化时的振动抑制效果,并同单自由度(SDOF)NES进行了比较。仿真结果表明,2-DOF NES在强调制响应段的振动抑制效果更好,并且得到了比同质量优化后的S-DOF NES更好的振动抑制效果。     

强5飞机限流活门建模计算

限流活门是把液体从固定流量转到限流和减少压力脉动的一种液压元件。本文对强５飞机Ｘ２Ａ－５５７０－８５０限流活门进行了计算，对限流活门的设计和限流参数起到一定的作用。