SINS／GPS／EMC组合导航系统信息融合技术研究

基于无复位(No-Reset)联邦Kalman滤波信息融合算法,提出并且探讨了组合导航应用过程中的信息融合问题.在建立的相关误差模型基础上,对所设计的采用联邦Kalman滤波技术的SINS/GPS/EMC组合导航系统进行了计算机仿真.结果表明,采用无复位联邦滤波结构的SINS/GPS/EMC组合导航系统能充分融合系统各种导航传感器的信息,能发挥它们各自的优点,互相取长补短,有效地提高导航系统准确度和可靠性.     

四元数UKF超紧密组合导航滤波方法

针对GPS/SINS(Global Positioning System/Strapdown Inertial Navigation Sys-tem)超紧密组合导航系统线性化滤波在高动态、弱GPS信号等环境下性能下降严重的问题,提出了一种以四元数UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)为基础的GPS/SINS超紧密组合导航系统非线性滤波方法.通过分析GPS与SINS在超紧密组合导航系统中的关系,提出了一种利用SINS信息来估计、修正GPS载波信号的方法,在此基础上建立了组合导航滤波的状态方程和量测方程;以四元数乘性误差模型为基础,提出了一种可应用于UKF滤波的求解四元数加权均值的方法;提出了基于四元数UKF的GPS/SINS超紧密组合导航滤波方法.仿真实验表明:在高动态环境下,四元数UKF滤波方法增强了GPS/SINS超紧密组合导航系统的定位精度和抗干扰能力.     

基于RT-LAB的组合导航仿真平台设计

设计了一种基于RT-LAB的SINS/GPS/CNS（Strapdown Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System/Celestial Navigation System）组合导航系统仿真平台方案,建立具有故障检测、隔离和系统重构能力的基于联邦卡尔曼滤波器的姿态、位置、速度组合导航系统方案和结构.将SINS与GPS的位置之差和速度之差作为SINS/GPS子滤波器的观测量,通过CNS给出的载体惯性姿态信息获得SINS的姿态误差角测量信息.仿真结果表明,该系统方案具有较强的容错性能、较高的导航精度和很强的实时性能,为组合导航技术的研究提供了有益的参考.     

高精度SINS/CCD/GPS组合导航系统研究与仿真

选取捷联惯导系统误差作为系统状态,利用捷联惯导系统(SINS)与电荷耦合器件(CCD)星敏感器各自的姿态矩阵输出构造量测,设计SINS/CCD组合导航算法;利用SINS与全球定位系统(GPS)各自的速度、位置输出构造量测,设计SINS/GPS组合导航算法。然后,利用联邦型卡尔曼滤波技术,将各子滤波器输出的系统状态局部最优估计值送入主滤波器,通过全局最优融合算法计算得到系统状态的全局最优估计值。仿真结果表明,基于SINS/CCD/GPS的组合导航系统具有很高的导航精度,达到了3.5m的定位精度和9″的航向精度,非常适用于飞行器的高精度导航定位。     

卫星不足情况下低成本MEMS-INS/GPS伪松组合导航

为了解决GPS可观测卫星不足情况下低成本微电子机械-惯性导航系统/全球定位系统（MEMS-INS/GPS）组合导航精度维持问题,提出基于灰色模型和自适应卡尔曼滤波的MEMS-INS/GPS伪松组合导航方法。以MEMS-INS/GPS松组合导航模式为框架,建立了伪松组合导航系统的状态空间模型。基于MEMS-INS/GPS的历史观测数据,使用灰色模型对MEMSINS/GPS观测差值进行预测,称为系统伪观测量。当GPS可观测卫星充分时,使用噪声自适应估计卡尔曼滤波对MEMS-INS/GPS进行松组合导航;当GPS可观测卫星不足时,使用噪声自适应估计卡尔曼滤波依据系统伪观测量,将MEMS-INS/GPS进行伪松组合导航。以车载低成本MEMSINS/GPS组合导航系统为例进行仿真和实验验证,结果表明：当GPS可观测卫星不足时,传统的MEMS-INS/GPS松组合导航精度迅速下降并发散,而MEMS-INS/GPS伪松组合导航精度与GPS正常工作时的导航精度相差不大,维持了较高精度的导航状态。     

发射系下SINS/GPS/CNS多组合导航系统算法及实现

首先建立了发射惯性系下的组合导航系统模型,据此设计了基于联邦滤波器的SINS/GPS/CNS组合导航算法,最后研制了基于PC104硬件平台的组合导航算法验证样机。通过实时半物理仿真测试得出,三组合导航系统的姿态误差小于15″,位置误差小于10m,速度误差小于0.2m/s,表明所设计的组合导航系统算法正确,实现合理。     

基于可变遗忘因子的渐消记忆变分贝叶斯自适应滤波算法

针对全球卫星导航系统/捷联惯性导航系统（GNSS/SINS）组合导航中GNSS信号易受干扰，造成量测噪声突变的问题，提出一种基于可变遗忘因子的渐消记忆变分贝叶斯自适应Kalman滤波（VBAKF）算法。针对自适应滤波中突变噪声难以准确探测，构建基于初值的噪声突变检验准则；为解决自适应滤波估计突变噪声的拖尾现象，将变分贝叶斯自适应滤波的超参数传递结构转化为协方差阵修正结构，通过构造可变遗忘因子函数动态调节自适应滤波中的遗忘因子。仿真和实测数据表明：所提算法可在GNSS/SINS噪声突变时快速估计量测噪声，提高组合导航精度。     

一种新的SINS/GPS深组合导航系统设计

为了提高GPS在高动态、强干扰条件下的跟踪性能和导航精度,提出了一种新的SINS/GPS深组合导航方案.利用卡尔曼滤波器反馈回路取代了传统接收机中独立、并行的跟踪回路,能够同时完成所有可视卫星信号和组合导航信息处理的任务;利用矢量跟踪算法加强各跟踪通道相互关联,增强跟踪通道对信号载噪比变化的适应能力,从而提高接收机在信号中断条件下的导航性能;利用相关器输出的I和Q路测量值直接作为导航滤波器的观测量,减小滤波过程残差,可以提高组合导航系统的导航精度和跟踪性能.仿真验证表明,这种基于矢量跟踪的深组合导航方案不仅在GPS信号中断期间能够保证系统的导航精度和可靠性,而且在低载噪比条件下可以增强导航系统的跟踪性能以及抗干扰能力.     

融合高斯过程回归的UKF估计方法

高精度滤波估计是SINS/GNSS组合导航系统的关键技术之一,其估计精度直接影响了导航精度。传统滤波估计方法一般只基于惯导误差模型,未考虑惯导误差模型不确定性的影响。针对此问题,提出了一种采用高斯过程回归（GPR）增强无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）预测和估计能力的高精度滤波估计方法。一方面,能在有限的训练数据条件下通过UKF估计误差状态量;另一方面,高斯过程既考虑了噪声,也考虑了UKF的不确定性。将所提方法应用于SINS/GNSS组合导航系统中,车载实验结果表明,所提方法能有效提高滤波估计精度。      

基于MIMU的SINS／GPS／EMC组合导航系统半物理仿真研究

针对低成本的MIMU元件的特点,设计了SINS／GPS／EMC组合导航系统结构以及相应的Kalman滤波器,并进行了半物理仿真研究。实验结果分析表明,在使用EMC测量航向来弥补MIMU的不足后,所设计的SINS／GPS／EMC组合导航系统可克服各自的不足,有效的提高导航定位准确度及系统可靠性,且在很大程度上可以放宽对低成本MIMU准确度的要求。     

Synthesis,chemistry and photochemistry of cyanobutadiyne (HCCCCCN)

Cyanobutadiyne has been synthesized starting from the mono or bistributylstannyl derivative of 1,3-butadiyne and p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide. The UV spectrum of HC₅N and the ¹³C NMR spectrum of the deuterocyanobutadiyne DC₅N have been recorded for the first time. Cyanobutadiyne has been detected in the photolysis of mixtures of gases observed on Titan. Its formation starting from cyanoacetylene and acetylene also occurs in the presence of huge amounts of dinitrogen, the major constituent of the Titan’s atmosphere. The application of these findings to the atmosphere of Titan is discussed. The chemistry and photochemistry of cyanobutadiyne have been investigated. A photoadduct has been observed in the photolysis of cyanoacetylene and ethanethiol and, a univocal synthesis of this compound was performed by a nucleophilic addition reaction.     

Plasma chemical reactions in C2H2/N2, C2H4/N2, and C2H6/N2 gas mixtures of a laboratory dielectric barrier discharge

Plasma chemical reactions in C₂H₂/N₂, C₂H₄/N₂, and C₂H₆/N₂ gas mixtures have been studied by means of mass spectrometry at a medium pressure of 300 mbar in a laboratory dielectric barrier discharge. A major reaction scheme is production of larger hydrocarbons like C_nH_m with n up to 12 including formation of functional CN groups.     

Comparison of observed hmF2 and IRI 2007 model with M(3000)F2 estimation of hmF2 at low solar activity for an equatorial station

This is to investigate ways of improving the Equatorial F2-layer peak heights estimated from M(3000)F2 ionosonde data measured using the Ionospheric Prediction Service (IPS-42) sounder at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (Latitude +12.4°N, Longitude +1.5°W, Dip latitude +5.9°N) during a low solar activity year (1995). For this purpose, we have compared the observed h_mF2 (h_mF2_obs) deduced using an algorithm from scaled virtual heights of quiet day ionograms and the predicted h_mF2 values which is given by the IRI 2007 model (h_mF2_{IRI 2007}) with the ionosonde measured M(3000)F2 estimation of the h_mF2 values (h_mF2_est) respectively. The correlation coefficients R² for all the seasons were found to range from 0.259 to 0.692 for h_mF2_obs values, while it ranges from 0.551 to 0.875 for the h_mF2_{IRI 2007} values. During the nighttime, estimated h_mF2 (h_mF2_est) was found to be positively correlated with the h_mF2_obs values by the post-sunset peak representation which is also represented by the h_mF2_{IRI 2007} values. We also investigated the validity of the h_mF2_est values by finding the percentage deviations when compared with the h_mF2_obs and h_mF2_{IRI 2007}.     

Contribution analysis of QZSS to single-frequency PPP of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo

The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) established by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency mainly serves the Asia-Pacific region and its surrounding areas. Currently, four in-orbit satellites provide services. Most users of GNSS in the mass market use single-frequency (SF) receivers owing to the low cost. Therefore, it is meaningful to analyze and evaluate the contribution of the QZSS to SF precise point positioning (PPP) of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo systems with the emergence of GNSS and QZSS. This study compares the performances of three SF PPP models, namely the GRoup and PHase Ionospheric Correction (GRAPHIC) model, GRAPHIC with code observation model, and an ionosphere-constrained model, and evaluated the contribution of the QZSS to the SF PPP of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo systems. Moreover, the influence of code bias on the SF PPP of the BDS system is also analyzed. A two-week dataset (DOY 013–026, 2019) from 10 stations of the MGEX network is selected for validation, and the results show that: (1) For cut-off elevation angles of 15, 20, and 25°, the convergence times for the static SF PPP of GLONASS + QZSS are reduced by 4.3, 30.8, and 12.7%, respectively, and the positioning accuracy is similar compared with that of the GLONASS system. Compared with the BDS single system, the convergence times for the static SF PPP of BDS + QZSS under 15 and 25° are reduced by 37.6 and 39.2%, the horizontal positioning accuracies are improved by 18.6 and 14.1%, and the vertical components are improved by 13.9 and 21.4%, respectively. At cut-off elevation angles of 15, 20, and 25°, the positioning accuracy and precision of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo + QZSS is similar to that of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo. And the convergence times are reduced by 7.4 and 4.3% at cut-off elevation angles of 20 and 25°, respectively. In imitating dynamic PPP, the QZSS significantly improves the positioning accuracy of BDS and GLONASS. However, QZSS has little effect on the GPS-only, Galileo-only and GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo. (2) The code bias of BDS IGSO and MEO cannot be ignored in SF PPP. In static SF PPP, taking the frequency band of B1I whose multipath combination is the largest among the frequency bands as an example, the vertical component has a systematic bias of approximately 0.4–1.0 m. After correcting the code bias, the positioning error in the vertical component is lower than 0.2 m, and the positioning accuracy in the horizontal component are improved accordingly. (3) The SF PPP model with ionosphere constraints has a better convergence speed, while the positioning accuracy of the three models is nearly equal. Therefore the GRAPHIC model can be used to get good positioning accuracy in the absence of external ionosphere products, but its convergence speed is slower.     

SIS/LPB/PAn导电橡胶复合物

采用原位聚合法,在SIS(苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)/LPB(液体聚丁二烯)橡胶基体中合成PAn(聚苯胺),形成单面导电的导电橡胶复合物.研究了基体聚合物交联度、苯胺、氧化剂用量和聚合反应时间等几种主要反应条件对复合物导电性的影响.导电层中PAn含量只有6.1%,导电面电导率就可达5.5S/m.该复合物的电导率:①随基体聚合物的交联度的增大而减小;②随苯胺用量的增大而增大;③随氧化剂用量的增大先增大后减小.      

135.6nm夜气辉峰值电子密度反演算法及误差

根据夜间135.6nm大气辉光光强与F₂层峰值电子密度N_mF₂平方成正比的物理机制,在前期夜间135.6nm气辉辐射激发模型研究的基础上建立了峰值电子密度的反演算法,把全球经纬度分成若干格点,每个格点的电离层及中性成分信息分别由IRI2000和MSISE90提供,将电离层及中性成分廓线输入夜气辉辐射激发模型,计算每个格点135.6nm气辉的辐射强度,然后将各个格点的135.6nm气辉辐射强度与电离层廓线输入的N_mF₂平方拟合得到气辉强度与N_mF₂的转换因子.利用此方法可获得不同地方时、季节和太阳活动周期的转换因子组成查算表,进而根据实际探测的135.6nm气辉辐射强度反演相应时空的N_mF₂.最后对该算法的反演误差进行了综合分析,为该算法适用的时空特性提供重要理论支撑.      

卡尔曼滤波和自相关分析方法短期预报电离层f0F2的比较

电离层参数f₀F₂的预报是电离层研究的一个重要方向.本文选取2011年北京、长春、青岛和苏州四个常规观测站的f₀F₂数据,分别采用卡尔曼滤波、自相关分析法和国际参考电离层模型（IRI）对f₀F₂实施短期预报（提前1h预报）,并通过与实际观测数据的对比,对三种方法预报f₀F₂的性能进行了比较.研究结果表明,在磁平静时期,采用卡尔曼滤波方法进行f₀F₂预报的均方误差为0.532MHz,相对误差8.11%,比国际电离层参考模型的均方误差和相对误差分别降低1.47MHz和14.58%;采用自相关分析方法进行f₀F₂预报的均方根误差为0.967MHz,相对误差11.46%,比国际电离层参考模型的均方误差和相对误差分别降低1.035MHz和11.23%.比较结果说明二者对f₀F₂短期预报的精度相对于国际电离层参考模型均有大幅提升.对磁暴期间三种方法的预测性能做了进一步比较,试验结果表明卡尔曼滤波短期预报性能总体上优于自相关分析法,这为f₀F₂短期预报的方法选择提供了一定指导.      

新世代超级“塑料虫”在天F/A-18E/F超级“大黄蜂”战机 美国海军的新宠

1991年的第一次海湾战争中，美国空军的F-15E首度参战，身为冷战后美军第一种新战机，即使参与的数量很有限，也揭示了未来美国空军的面貌。与它的前辈：F-111相较，F-15E低空穿透速度较慢，作战半径也较短．怎么看都不能在“深入打击”的任务中名正言顺地取代F-111。     

GPS/DRS/DMAP汽车定位导航系统

阐述了一种基于单片机的由速率陀螺、磁罗盘和里程仪组成的新型航迹推算系统及其工作原理,在此基础上设计了多级滤波组合方式GPS(Global Positioning System)/DRS(Dead Reckoning System)汽车定位导航系统,并通过地图匹配进一步提高定位精度,同时利用GSM(Global System for Mobile communications)进行定位数据的无线传输.跑车实验表明该系统具有较高的定位精度和可靠性.