The big dipper: 4U1624-49

We present a 6.3 hour observation of 4U1624-49 with the EXOSAT Medium Energy experiment. The X-ray light curve is dominated by a series of sharp dips in which the observed flux falls to 25% of the steady level on timescales of seconds. These dips are accompanied by strong variations in the spectral hardness consistent with large changes in the absorbing column density. No evidence is found for any dip periodicity, in contrast to the other four sources in which dip activity has been reported. We discuss the implications of these observations for models of low mass X-ray binaries.     

Coordinated EXOSAT and optical observations of the X-ray burster 4U1735-44

We present the first results of an EXOSAT observation of the low-mass X-ray burster 4U1735-44. The ME data show low-amplitude variations in the persistent flux including two 5% dips separated by 4 hours. The structure of the single observed burst is briefly described. Five hours of simultaneous B-band photometry were obtained at SAAO with 12 minute time resolution; a strong anti-correlation is shown to exist between the X-ray and optical flux, with a high level of significance. A model for this behaviour is suggested, based on reprocessing of the X-ray flux in a corona or stellar wind.     

Detection of iron lines in the persistent emission of some X-ray burst sources observed by EXOSAT

We have observed the X-ray burst sources 4U1728-33 and 4U1813-14 with the ME detectors aboard EXOSAT, and present here results of a spectral analysis of their persistent emissions. For both sources the data can be well fitted by a double blackbody continuum and a Gaussian emission line. The two spectral components can be interpreted in terms of a blackbody radiation from the neutron star, and emission from the inner part of an accretion disc. The line feature is consistent with the 6.7 keV iron emission line expected in the presence of a hot extended object (X-ray corona) around the neutron star.     

EXOSAT results on the X-ray burster 2S1254-690

EXOSAT observations of 2S1254-690 in August 1984 have confirmed the presence of periodic dips in the X-ray intensity. These dips occurred with a period of 3.9 hours and last for about 50 minutes. During individual dips the observed X-ray flux oscillated several times between the quiescent level and an undetectable level on time scales varying from a few seconds to approximately 5 minutes. In addition, a second type one burst has been observed, with characteristics which are very similar to those observed earlier. In this paper we report the results of a 20 hour EXOSAT observation made in 1984 August 6th to 7th, and discuss some properties of the dips and of the burst.affiliated to the Astrophysics Division, Space Science Department, ESA     

电压跌落及其抑制

电能质量的电压跌落问题正日益被关注,为此对动态电能质量中电压跌落问题进行研究,分析电压跌落的原因、传播过程及对电力系统的危害,并在此基础上对电压跌落进行了分类,提出了评估指标及应对电压跌落问题的措施。     

EXOSAT observations of the X-ray pulsar 4U1145-619

EXOSAT observations of the X-ray pulsar 4U1145-619 during June and July 1983 and July 1984 confirm that this source shows a regular 187 day outburst cycle in X-rays. The results from pulse timing and X-ray spectroscopy are discussed in terms of a model for 4U1145-619 involving an eccentric binary system in which there is variable accretion from the Be primary star onto a companion neutron star.     

The long term variability of 4U 1258-61 (GX304-1)

We present optical spectroscopy and photometry of 4U 1258-61 obtained over the course of six years. Evidence for the evolution of a circumstellar envelope throughout the course of the observations is presented.     

Temporal intensity fluctuations of Her X-1 around 100 sec time scales

Her X-1 has been observed with EXOSAT for one 35^d cycle between March 1 and April 5, 1984 at about 4 day intervals. During three observations, absorption dips were encountered showing fluctuations with time scales in the several hundred seconds range. The data are interpreted with a model where random superposition of absorbing blobs or inhomogeneous structures within the accretion disk, in the line of sight, cause these intensity variations. The calculations give a measure of the extent of the disk both in vertical and radial directions.     

First detection of an X-ray burst and a one hour intensity dip in 4U1323-62

We report the results of a 1.4 10⁴s observation of the region of 4U 1323-62 with the EXOSAT ME. The source has a flux of 7–8 10^-11 erg/cm²s (2–10 keV) and a power-law spectrum with 1.1 < < 1.8. During our observation, the source showed a symmetric 60% dip in its X-ray flux of R~1 hr. The spectrum hardens during the dip. Inside the dip we observed an X-ray burst with a 2–10 keV peak flux of 7 10^-10 erg/cm²s. The burst spectrum is black-body, and shows evidence of cooling during the burst decay. The discovery of a burst from 4U 1323-62 settles the classification of the source; the observation of a dip suggests that we may be able to measure its orbital period in the near future.     

Review of recent laboratory double layer experiments

Recent laboratory measurements of double layers are reviewed. Most experiments that are considered employed triple plasma devices or Q-machines. It is shown that a variety of both one and three dimensional phenomena have been achieved. Stationary one and three dimensional structures consist of monotonic double layers, very, weak, weak, strong and very strong double layers with potential steps e/T _e - 1, <10, >10, and 10, respectively. Multiple double layers consist of structures with large potential dips on the low potential side and stairstep double layers. Two and three dimensional structures include multiple double layers, which resemble U shaped double layers, and ionization produced strong double layers. Moving double layers include ion acoustic double layers and double layers which are the result of drifting species and mismatches at plasma boundaries. It appears that double layers can be BGK solutions or related to turbulence. Double layer creation can occur in a variety of different ways. Ionization can sometimes be important and sometimes play no role at all.     

The spectral and temporal variability of the X-ray transient 4U1630-47

We present the results of four observations made by the European Space Agency's EXOSAT Observatory of the X-ray transient 4U1630-47 during its 1984 outburst. We observed marked spectral changes as the source decayed from a maximum observed intensity of 8×10^–9 erg/cm²/sec (1.5–10 keV). The spectrum could be modelled by a soft thermal-like component with a high energy power-law tail. The relative contribution of the soft to hard component decreased as the total luminosity decreased. We compare these changes with those observed from the black hole candidate Cyg X-1 when it transitions from a high to a low state. In addition we report the discovery of short timescale intensity variations (down to 50 msec) with a characteristic timescale of 20 sec. We present a precise position for this unidentified source.on leave from Università di Roma Dipartimento di Fisica G. Marconi.     

The High Power Metal-Oxide Varistor as a Vehicular and Aircrcraft Transient Suppessor

The shunt-type transient suppressor currently being used by the U.S. Army for suppression of voltage transients in tactical and combat vehicles is applicable to military aircraft as well. Advances in metal-oxide varistor technology have led to the development of a low-cost, low-voltage device having a breakdown voltage designed for use in 28-V dc electrical systems. This paper discusses the avalanche diode and the metal-oxide varistor as high-power transient suppressors. lt shows that the metal-oxide varistor has a less effective voltage clamp at the required breakdown level of 33 to 36 volts.     

图C4k∪pn的优美性

证明了圈C4k是优美交错图，证明了路Pn是优美交错图。证明了由圈C4k与路Pn粘接而成的图C4k∪Pn是优美图，也是交错图，并给出了图C4k∪Pn的优美标号。     

桨根弹性约束刚度对无人直升机飞行品质影响

基于美国陆军航空设计标准ADS-33E-PRF，从稳定性、操纵性和轴间耦合3个方面，对“跷跷板”式旋翼桨榖加装弹性支承件后的“翼扇涵体”无人直升机进行飞行品质评价。简要介绍了样例无人直升机的飞行动力学模型；结合无人直升机的飞行操纵特点，对ADS-33E-PRF中有关稳定性、操纵性和轴间耦合的内容做了适应性剪裁；以旋翼桨根加装了弹性支承件的样例直升机为例，计算不同弹性约束刚度下的配平特性和飞行品质参数，结合飞行品质评价方法，对样例无人直升机的飞行品质进行评价和比较分析。结果表明:桨根弹性约束刚度对飞行品质中的稳定性、操纵性和轴间耦合3个方面均有影响，并且刚度系数取1左右比较合适。      

High and medium resolution spectroscopy of the X-ray transient 4U1543-47

Preliminary results of an EXOSAT observation of the transient X-ray source 4U1543-47 are presented. The source was observed in August 1983, during a high state, following a Tenma alert that the source was again active. Results from the GSPC and the LE 1000 l/mm grating are presented. The spectrum is complex, but in the 2–10 keV energy range can be well described by a Comptonised thermal distribution. Extrapolating the same model into the lower energy band of the grating requires an absorption column density equivalent to 2 × 10²¹ H cm². A marked under-abundance of Oxygen and overabundance of Nitrogen, along with a strong, unidentified line feature at 9.8 Å, are necessary to model the grating data.     

The International Space Station: a question of federal funding andpolicy implications

A summary form is given of the author's full paper (ibid. vol. 33, p. 7, 1998). The ISS program is a huge investment by the U.S. government. It is estimated by NASA that the program will cost the American public more than $70 billion over a period of 30 years. Since the scientific impact of this program is relatively unknown (and uncertain), the question that policy makers will have to struggle with is whether the federal government should continue to fund the program, or to pull out from the program altogether, thus saving American taxpayers close to $30 billion. Although funding is a major concern, since the inclusion of Russia in the program, the ISS has also become a foreign policy tool. Therefore, additional questions about policy implications of the ISS program need to be addressed     

Post: Polar stratospheric telescope

The tropopause, typically at 16 to 18 km altitude at the lower latitudes, dips to 8 km in the polar regions. This makes the cold, dry and nonturbulent lower stratosphere accessible to tethered aerostats. Tethered aerostats can fly as high as 12 km and are extremely reliable, lasting for many years. In contrast to free-flying balloons, they can stay on station for weeks at a time, and payloads can be safely recovered for maintenance and adjustment and relaunched in a matter of hours. We propose to use such a platform, located first in the Arctic (near Fairbanks, Alaska) and, potentially, later in the Antarctic, to operate a new technology 6-meter, diluted aperture telescope with diffraction-limited performance in the near infrared. Thanks to the low ambient temperature (220 K), thermal emission from the optics is of the same order as that of the zodiacal light in the 2 to 3 micron band. Since this wavelength interval is the darkest part of the zodiacal light spectrum from optical wavelengths to 100 microns, the combination of high resolution images and a very dark sky make it the spectral region of choice for observing the redshifted light from galaxies and clusters of galaxies at moderate to high redshifts.Affiliated to the Astrophysics Division, Space Science Department, European Space Agency     

Dryden大气紊流频谱的等价确定性函数及其在飞机响应问题中的应用

本文扼要评述了B.Etkin等人最近发表的多输入随机过程的等价确定性输入方法（EDIT）,并且加以扩展,导出线性变换公式,分析了确定性输入函数的奇偶性。按照EDIT把目前常用的Dryden大气紊流频谱化成等价确定性时间函数,并拟合成简单的表达式。说明了在时域内计算飞机对大气紊流响应特性的方法和步骤。在算例中比较了用EDIT和常规的功率频谱法所得的结果。     

排气系统与尾机身一体化红外抑制器实验分析

利用地面模拟实验件对排气系统与尾机身一体化红外抑制器模型进行了实验研究, 旨在分析引射混合与旋翼下洗对降低排气温度和目标的红外辐射特征的效果.结果表明, 通过波瓣喷管引射周围空气与主流燃气掺混冷却, 可以使高温燃气温度降低至少50%;利用旋翼下洗气流吹散热排气, 冷却尾机身模型壁面, 可以使模型壁面及尾焰在3-5μm和8-14μm的红外辐射强度分别降低39%和33%.另外, 简单的增大波瓣喷管的尺寸并不能够有效提高引射流量, 反而会使引射系数有所降低.