复合材料夹层结构在航空领域的应用

详细描述了复合材料夹层结构及几种常用芯材的性能特点,综合分析了复合材料夹层结构在飞机上的应用案例,对各种夹层结构芯材成型工艺的重点、难点进行了探析,得到了复合材料夹层结构的性能概况及使用工艺要求,可为复合材料夹层结构设计、制造提供参考。     

大型复合材料成型工装热-结构耦合变形分析

热压罐成型工艺是目前广泛应用于先进复合材料结构、蜂窝夹层结构及复合材料胶接结构的主要成型方法.在成型过程中,复合材料制件是在高温高压下与工装一起放进热压罐中固化成型,制件固化成型后几乎不再做任何加工,外表尺寸应满足装配协调要求,不允许强迫装配.然而,工装在整个成型过程中因承受高温热载荷、自身重力及成型辅助件压力的共同作用而发生变形,工装的变形直接影响到制件固化变形而最终影响到复合材料制件的实际形状和尺寸精度.     

复合材料夹层结构蜂窝与面板脱粘研究

论述了真空固化炉成型复合材料夹层结构研制中出现的蜂窝与面板脱粘原因及解决方案。通过分析复合材料夹层结构脱粘原因,提出解决方案,并通过工艺试验进行验证,为复合材料夹层结构脱粘分析及解决方案提供参考。     

共固化复合材料/铝蜂窝夹层结构性能

采用共固化工艺制备了碳纤维增强复合材料面板/铝蜂窝夹层结构。通过考察固化压力对复合材料面板性能的影响确定了共固化的成型压力,对比分析了不同规格铝蜂窝及其夹层结构的力学性能。结果表明,对于薄面板,成型压力对面板力学性能的影响较小,规格为0.04 mm×4 mm的铝蜂窝制备的夹层结构具有更高的比强度和比刚度,且成型工艺性好。     

整体夹芯中空复合材料的研究

研究了整体夹芯中空复合材料的织物织造技术和复合成型工艺,制作了满足要求的试验件.对整体中空夹层复合材料拉伸、压缩和双层剪切等性能进行了试验研究,并与类似的蜂窝夹层材料进行了性能对比.     

多通道带蜂窝新型复合材料翼型件的研制

围绕多通道带蜂窝复合材料翼型件新型结构开展研究,通过一系列的分析评估、方案调整,最终确定了一种可行的新型翼型件制造方案。     

夹层结构前机身有限元分析与优化设计

选用二次等参夹层板壳单元进行结构分析,单元面板厚度及芯层高度作为优化设计变量。对复合材料面板,则每~铺层层数作为设计变量。对复合材料夹层结构前机身模拟试验件进行了有限元分析,在位移和尺寸约束下,对复合材料夹层结构前机身进行了优化设计,并获得满意结果。     

复合材料VARI成型夹层结构承载能力试验研究

针对先进复合材料整体成型夹层结构树脂基复合材料构件采用的预浸料热压罐成型的高工艺成本现状,引入真空辅助成型技术(简称VARI成型),以某型民机复合材料扰流板、起落架舱门结构为研究对象,根据VARI成型结构设计参数,通过试验从几何参数、材料参数、紧固件参数、预埋件类别、设置缺陷因素和环境因素多个角度分析了其对连接结构失效...     

树脂基复合材料/泡沫塑料夹层结构成型技术研究进展

总结归纳了树脂基复合材料／泡沫塑料夹层结构的五种典型成型工艺方法，并对其部分成型工艺的特点、优缺点等进行了较为详细的阐述。     

复合材料夹层结构分析程序

叙述了复合材料夹层结构分析程序(FEMV40)的主要功能。该程序中,设有金属材料和复合材料10种元素,可对多种不同力学性能的复合材料结构进行分析。程序经过了考核,与国外有关文献的结果一致,并与模拟试验件试验结果进行了对比。该程序己在L8飞机等多种机型上应用,文中给出了某机复合材料夹层结构方向舵的算例。     

TC4合金叶片热模锻过程的数值模拟

文摘为了生产出质量合格的叶片,针对TC4合金叶片的成形特点,为其制订了相应的热模锻成形工艺。同时采用基于有限体积的材料成形模拟技术,对TC4合金叶片热模锻过程进行了模拟,分析了坯料成形过程中的充填情况、应变场、应力场及终锻温度场的分布规律。模拟结果表明:锻件轮廓清晰,模具型腔充填完整,未出现充不满或折叠等锻造缺陷。实际生产出来的叶片经理化检测和外观检查,质量符合要求,制定的工艺方案合理,可以满足TC4合金航空风扇转子叶片的成形质量要求。     

网格变形在俯仰振荡翼型中的应用

为解决航空器结构变形问题,在研究相关非定常流场基础上,建立了包含结构变形的非定常流场数值求解方法,运用无限插值法（TFI）生成任意时刻的非定常动态网格,通过与刚性动网格比较,证明了方法的可行性,并以NACA0012翼型为算例,对翼型俯仰振荡运动中表面柔性变形问题进行了数值模拟,发现俯仰振荡中叠加变形形式为一阶振型时,可以明显地提高升力、增加动稳定、提高升阻比。     

RANS analysis of the low-Reynolds number flow around the SD7003 airfoil

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the incompressible flow at Reynolds number 6.0×¹⁰⁴ around the Selig–Donovan 7003 airfoil. The airfoil performances have been computed by the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations and large eddy simulations. The airfoil stall and preliminary post-stall have been obtained by both the methods. Some limitations of the RANS turbulence models for low-Reynolds number flows have been overcome by the κ–ω SST-LR model, a recent modification of the well-known SST model. Large-eddy simulations have also been performed for a more detailed analysis of the results. The relevance in the stall mechanism of the laminar separation bubble arising on the airfoil is highlighted. The stall occurs when the laminar bubble present in the leading edge zone and a separated region forming on the central part of the airfoil join together. The κ–ω SST-LR model returns the same stall mechanism as the large eddy simulation. Flows at low-Reynolds numbers can be simulated by the RANS methods, but the choice of the turbulence model is crucial. The κ–ω SST-LR model has provided results in good agreement with the large eddy simulation and the available experimental data.     

Blank Panel Design of Integral Wing Skin Panels Based on Feature Mapping Methods

A blank panel design algorithm based on feature mapping methods for integral wing skin panels with supercritical airfoil surface is presented.The model of a wing panel is decomposed into features,and features of the panel are decomposed into information of location,direction,dimension and Boolean types.Features are mapped into the plane through optimal surface development algorithm.The plane panel is modeled by rebuilding the mapped features.Blanks of shot-peen forming panels are designed to identify the effectiveness of the methods.     

基于卷积神经网络和多项式混沌方法的翼型鲁棒性优化

在常规的翼型优化设计方法中,设计点处最优翼型的气动性能会在非设计点处有所恶化,因此有必要对翼型鲁棒性优化方法进行研究。提出一种基于卷积神经网络和多项式混沌方法的翼型鲁棒性设计方法,首先搭建基于卷积神经网络的气动力预测模型;其次采用多项式混沌方法对马赫数和攻角进行不确定度量化,构建翼型鲁棒性气动优化设计系统;最后对以 RAE2822 翼型为基准翼型的气动优化设计问题进行优化设计验证。结果表明：本文提出的翼型鲁棒性设计方法可行,优化后翼型的气动性能和鲁棒性气动优化设计效率在较宽的设计范围内都有所提升。     

低雷诺数翼型局部振动非定常气动特性

针对低雷诺数翼型特殊的气动特性,采用基于动网格的非定常数值模拟方法,研究翼型表面不同弦向位置的局部蒙皮以不同频率及振幅振动时对低雷诺数翼型气动特性及流场结构的影响,揭示蒙皮振动增升减阻的机理。研究表明,在低雷诺数条件下局部蒙皮振动可有效提高翼型气动特性,与刚性翼型相比蒙皮局部振动可使翼型升力系数提高,阻力系数降低,升阻比提高。振动位置对翼型气动特性及流场结构有显著的影响,振动表面位于翼型前缘附近或位于层流分离泡中心时可有效控制翼型层流分离,从而提高翼型气动特性。振动频率对翼型表面层流分离及转捩位置均有显著的影响,随着振动频率增加,翼型气动特性出现最优值。与刚性翼型相比,表面振动使翼型转捩位置略向上游移动,摩擦阻力增加,但振动使等效翼型相对厚度减小,压差阻力明显减小。在小幅振动范围内,随着振幅增加,流场非定常特性更加显著,翼型升阻比增加。     

Aerodynamic shape optimization for alleviating dynamic stall characteristics of helicopter rotor airfoil

In order to alleviate the dynamic stall effects in helicopter rotor, the sequential quadratic programming(SQP) method is employed to optimize the characteristics of airfoil under dynamic stall conditions based on the SC1095 airfoil. The geometry of airfoil is parameterized by the class-shape-transformation(CST) method, and the C-topology body-fitted mesh is then automatically generated around the airfoil by solving the Poisson equations. Based on the grid generation technology, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations are chosen as the governing equations for predicting airfoil flow field and the highly-efficient implicit scheme of lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LU-SGS) is adopted for temporal discretization. To capture the dynamic stall phenomenon of the rotor more accurately, the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model is employed to close the RANS equations. The optimized airfoil with a larger leading edge radius and camber is obtained. The leading edge vortex and trailing edge separation of the optimized airfoil under unsteady conditions are obviously weakened, and the dynamic stall characteristics of optimized airfoil at different Mach numbers, reduced frequencies and angles of attack are also obviously improved compared with the baseline SC1095 airfoil. It is demonstrated that the optimized method is effective and the optimized airfoil is suitable as the helicopter rotor airfoil.     

基于遗传算法的旋翼翼型综合气动优化设计

结合直升机飞行特性及旋翼工作气动环境,提出了适用于中型运输直升机旋翼翼型优化设计的目标函数及约束条件.在此基础上采用遗传算法,以"黑鹰"(UH-60A)直升机旋翼翼型SC1095为基础翼型,进行多目标、多状态以及多约束条件下的旋翼翼型优化设计.优化翼型同SC1095翼型相比弯度稍大,最大厚度略有增加.结果表明:优化翼型气动力特性在满足约束条件的情况下,零升力矩系数减小了57.2%,最大升力系数增加了3.7%,阻力系数减小了7.5%.同时,非定常动态失速状态下的气动特性也有一定的改善,阻力系数和力矩系数的发散范围均有明显的减小.此外,悬停状态计算结果表明:采用优化翼型构成的旋翼与SC1095旋翼相比,具有更高的悬停效率及更低的力矩系数.      

基于分布估计算法的翼型稳健设计(英文)

A transonic airfoil designed by means of classical point-optimization may result in its dramatically inferior performance under off-design conditions. To overcome this shortcoming, robust design is proposed to find out the optimal profile of an airfoil to maintain its performance in an uncertain environment. The robust airfoil optimization is aimed to minimize mean values and variances of drag coefficients while satisfying the lift and thickness constraints over a range of Mach numbers. A multi-objective estimation of distribution algorithm is applied to the robust airfoil optimization on the base of the RAE2822 benchmark airfoil. The shape of the airfoil is obtained through superposing ten Hick-Henne shape functions upon the benchmark airfoil. A set of design points is selected according to a uniform design table for aerodynamic evaluation. A Kriging model of drag coefficient is constructed with those points to reduce computing costs. Over the Mach range from 0.7 to 0.8, the airfoil generated by the robust optimization has a configuration characterized by supercritical airfoil with low drag coefficients. The small fluctuation in its drag coefficients means that the performance of the robust airfoil is insensitive to variation of Mach number.     

基于适当控制翼型演化历程的气动设计方法

本文提出一种翼型设计的新方法,它基于适当控制翼型演化历程,采用求解非定常流动控制方程的方法,实现了翼型反问题的高效求解.同时在笛卡尔坐标系中应用Level-Set函数,避免了贴体动网格的采用,从而大大减少了所需计算工作量.