基于标准弹道点的最优制导方法

由于基于需要速度的显式制导方法要确定虚拟目标点,虚拟目标点的确定要对地球扁率和再入阻力的影响进行修正,存在着百米以上的修正误差,为此提出了基于标准弹道点的最优制导方法,即将标准弹道的某点作为目标点进行需要椭圆轨道计算及最优入轨控制。提供了采用弹上迭代制导方法实现最优控制,同时给出了预测关机参数的需要椭圆轨道终端约束校正方法。该制导方法无需进行地球扁率和再入阻力的影响修正,可以减少方法误差,仿真计算证明了这一点。     

基于闭路制导的弹道导弹发射诸元的仿真算法

提出了一种基于闭路制导的弹道导弹的发射诸元算法.给定发射点与瞄准点的地理位置,以压低弹道为目标,通过一种迭代方法求解关机点弹道倾角,并基于地球引力级数展开模型提出了一种虚拟目标的快速计算方法,以主动段弹道平面和被动段弹道平面二面角为指标完成了发射方位角的迭代计算,最后通过仿真算例论证了该算法的可行性.     

一种变射面飞行导弹的弹上迭代制导方法

针对变射面飞行的弹道导弹,制导方法需要满足射面变换起控点的位置、速度和姿态要求。提出了一种变射面飞行导弹的弹上迭代制导方法,以各射面弹道终点的弹道倾角为约束,弹上迭代计算虚拟目标和需要速度,求取导引姿态角进而进行导引控制。仿真算例表明,该制导方法能够实现变射面飞行的制导控制要求,且方法误差较小。     

主动段扰动引力对闭路制导的影响分析

针对主动段扰动引力对采取惯性制导方式的远程火箭命中精度的影响问题,提出了主动段扰动引力对闭路制导的影响分析方法。结合闭路制导中的导航计算与关机方程,剖析主动段扰动引力造成落点偏差的机理,分析了扰动引力对待增速度的影响,提出了将关机点处待增速度偏差分为两个组成部分分别研究的分析方法。对出现推力、质量等偏差时的状态进行了仿真分析,得到关机点处待增速度偏差主要受关机点时间影响的结论。所得结论对提高远程火箭制导精度有借鉴意义。     

基于虚拟拦截点的预测制导算法设计

针对临近空间拦截弹中制导段大部分所处空域空气稀薄的情景,提出一种基于虚拟拦截点的预测制导直接力修正算法。首先,为提高预报速度,利用弹道拟合法对再入段的滑翔弹道进行快速预报;其次,利用预报弹道的终点和预测拦截点的几何关系得到虚拟拦截点,针对虚拟拦截点解二体Lambert问题以确定变轨需用速度,并依据此速度预报弹道,解算零控脱靶量;最后,经多次预报后得到零控脱靶量最小的虚拟拦截点,以此确定最终变轨需用速度并利用速度增益进行修正。仿真结果表明,与无虚拟拦截点修正的策略相比,针对虚拟拦截点的拦截修正方法有效减少了发动机燃料消耗和零控脱靶量,更好地满足中制导能量约束和精度要求。     

单兵火箭弹简易制导控制方法研究

为降低单兵制导火箭弹的成本,同时确保其具有较远的作用距离和较高的命中精度,针对静止目标,设计了单兵火箭弹简易制导控制律.首先,将飞行弹道进行分段设计,以瞄准线作为基准弹道,采用虚拟目标导引法实现对基准弹道的跟踪;然后,进行STr控制器的设计,基于典型设计点处控制器的参数插值,得到实时飞行过程中的控制器参数,确保火箭弹在整个飞行过程中具有较高的控制精度;最后,进行了仿真计算,通过仿真结果分析可知,所设计的制导控制系统具有较高的鲁棒性.     

BP神经网络制导弹道导弹的诸元数据制备方法

采用BP神经网络逼近算法,推导、建立了预定关机点及落点坐标与需要速度间的映射关系,并装订上弹,使关机点附近对应的每一个位置都能够映射出相应的需要速度矢量,利用闭路制导关机及导引方法对导弹实施控制。提出了基于BP神经网络制导的数据制备方法,将大量的弹道数据改为以神经网络形式进行制备,有效地缩小了数据存储空间及弹载计算机的计算时间。仿真结果表明,基于BP神经网路的制导方法能够大大提高导弹的制导精度,相应的诸元数据制备方法能够准确地实现神经网络在弹上的映射功能,为该制导方法在弹上的应用奠定了基础。     

基于Backstepping和扰动观测器的导引律

考虑目标机动和自动驾驶仪动态特性等情况,基于扰动观测器(DOB)技术及Backstepping的设计思想,提出了一种新型的三维导引律。运用Backstepping的设计思想,将包含驾驶仪动态特性的制导环路分为外环和内环两个环路。将目标机动及俯仰和偏航平面间的交叉耦合项当成外环扰动,将驾驶仪参数不确定当成内环扰动,分别设计内外扰动观测器将它们估计出来,利用估计值做前馈补偿得到的外环控制器可抑制目标机动对制导精度的影响及实现两个平面的解耦控制,内环控制器补偿驾驶仪动态特性对制导精度的影响。导引律的设计在于使得导弹的实际加速度跟踪上外环的虚拟控制。仿真结果表明:在目标做大机动、考虑驾驶仪动态特性的情况下,这种导引律仍然具有良好的制导精度。     

基于CADET的弹道交会误差变化规律分析

运载器弹道与预测命中点之间的交会误差是拦截器分离点误差引起的。分离点的位置误差、速度误差对于弹道交会误差的影响,既取决于其本身的大小,也取决于分离点到达预测命中点的时间。依据分离点误差推算弹道飞行的误差变化规律,是进行运载器制导控制系统分析与误差分配的前提条件。本文通过采用协方差分析描述函数法,对弹道误差变化规律进行了有效分析。仿真结果证明了这种方法的有效性。     

高阶扰动引力对自由段弹道影响的快速计算方法

针对扰动引力大小和方向随空间位置变化的特点,将自由段弹道按射程进行分段,动态建立北天东坐标系并计算高阶扰动引力加速度,将其天向分量等价为均质圆球质量偏差,并修正标准椭圆轨道方程;将扰动引力对北向和东向的影响近似为匀加速直线运动,推导出运动微分方程的解并在地心坐标系内对弹道飞行器的位置和绝对速度进行更新计算,从而提出了高阶扰动引力对自由段弹道影响的近似解析解计算方法。数值计算结果表明,该方法具有较高的计算精度,可用于弹道飞行器高精度实时制导和轨道预测等方面。     

空-空导弹全向攻击最优制导规律研究

 将发射瞬时所确定的平行接近弹道作为基准弹道,由于各种干拢所引起的相对于基准弹道的偏离作为偏差来处理;用最优控制理论导出空-空导弹进行全向攻击的最优制导律,此制导律包含目标加速度反馈。当目标作非机动飞行时,最优制导律是一种变比例系数的比例制导。数字仿真结果表明:在相同条件下,最优制导弹道需用过载、终端脱靶量均小于比例制导,特别是从目标前方攻击时,其制导精度大大优于比例制导。     

考虑J_2摄动影响的零射程线计算方法研究

考虑到地球扁率J_2摄动的影响,在非正交分解法的基础上,利用自由段弹道地心距迭代解析解,给出了一种弹道飞行器零射程线的计算方法。数值仿真结果表明,该方法具有很高的精度,且计算速度较快,在闭路制导能量耗散和多弹头进攻弹道设计中具有较高的应用价值。     

基于结构不确定性的非线性鲁棒制导律设计

根据多普勒雷达导引头和红外成像导引头多模制导导弹弹道中段制导信息精度的特点,以非线性鲁棒控制理论为依据,设计了一种制导律.仿真结果表明,该制导律对弹目相对距离测量干扰有较好的鲁棒性,对目标大机动也有鲁棒性.因此,这种制导律可以作为多普勒雷达导引头和红外成像导引头多模制导导弹弹道中段的制导律使用.     

Autonomous gliding entry guidance with geographic constraints

This paper presents a novel three-dimensional autonomous entry guidance for relatively high lift-to-drag ratio vehicles satisfying geographic constraints and other path constraints. The guidance is composed of onboard trajectory planning and robust trajectory tracking. For trajectory planning, a longitudinal sub-planner is introduced to generate a feasible drag-versus-energy profile by using the interpolation between upper boundary and lower boundary of entry corridor to get the desired trajectory length. The associated magnitude of the bank angle can be specified by drag profile, while the sign of bank angle is determined by lateral sub-planner. Two-reverse mode is utilized to satisfy waypoint constraints and dynamic heading error corridor is utilized to satisfy no-fly zone constraints. The longitudinal and lateral sub-planners are iteratively employed until all of the path constraints are satisfied. For trajectory tracking, a novel tracking law based on the active disturbance rejection control is introduced. Finally, adaptability tests and Monte Carlo simulations of the entry guidance approach are performed. Results show that the proposed entry guidance approach can adapt to different entry missions and is able to make the vehicle reach the prescribed target point precisely in spite of geographic constraints.     

Launch Envelope Optimization of Virtual Sliding Target Guidance Scheme

This paper presents an optimization of the performance of a recently proposed virtual sliding target (VST) guidance scheme in terms of maximization of its launch envelope for three-dimensional (3-D) engagements. The objective is to obtain the launch envelope of the missile using the VST guidance scheme for different lateral launch angles with respect to the line of sight (LOS) and demonstrate its superiority over kinematics-based guidance laws like proportional navigation (PN). The VST scheme uses PN as its basic guidance scheme and exploits the relation between the atmospheric properties, missile aerodynamic characteristics, and the optimal trajectory of the missile. The missile trajectory is shaped by controlling the instantaneous position and the speed of a virtual target which the missile pursues during the midcourse phase. In the proposed method it is shown that an appropriate value of initial position for the virtual target in 3-D, combined with optimized virtual target parameters, can significantly improve the launch envelope performance. The paper presents the formulation of the optimization problem, obtains the approximate models used to make the optimization problem more tractable, and finally presents the optimized performance of the missile in terms of launch envelope and shows significant improvement over kinematic-based guidance laws. The paper also proposes modification to the basic VST scheme. Some simulations using the full-fledged six degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) models are also presented to validate the models and technique used.     

带落角约束的末端机动Terminal滑模导引律设计

为了提高反舰导弹的突防概率,有效规避敌方舰空导弹的拦截,并且实现反舰导弹按预定方向精确打击目标的战术要求,首先,基于弹目之间的三维相对运动模型,应用Terminal滑模控制理论,设计了一种带有落角约束的变结构导引律;然后,通过叠加虚拟干扰的方法,在原来导引律基础上叠加了一虚拟干扰,此虚拟干扰不影响导引律的渐进稳定性,不...     

Empirical virtual sliding target guidance law design: an aerodynamic approach

We present a novel empirical virtual sliding target (VST) guidance law for the midcourse phase of a long range surface-to-air missile that uses the simplicity of the conventional proportional navigation (PN) guidance law while exploiting the aerodynamic characteristics of a missile's flight through the atmosphere to enable the missile to achieve superior performance than that achieved by conventional PN guidance laws. The missile trajectory emulates the trajectory of an optimal control based guidance law formulated on a realistic aerodynamic model of the missile-target engagement. The trajectory of the missile is controlled by controlling the speed of a virtual target that slides towards a predicted intercept point during the midcourse phase. Several sliding schemes, both linear and nonlinear, are proposed and the effect of the variation of the sliding parameters, which control the sliding speed of the virtual target, on the missile performance, are examined through extensive simulations that take into account the atmospheric characteristics as well as limitations on the missile in terms of the energy available and lateral acceleration limits. Launch envelopes for these sliding schemes for approaching and receding targets are also obtained. These results amply demonstrate the superiority of the proposed guidance law over the conventional PN law.     

Modified rolling guidance law for single moving mass controlled reentry vehicle against maneuvering target with impact angle constraints

This paper deals with the problem of guidance law design for the single moving mass controlled reentry vehicle when impact angle constraints and maneuvering target are taken into consideration. More specifically, a modified rolling guidance law is proposed with the interactive virtual target and the landing point prediction strategy. First, considering the fact that the roll channel can be controlled directly, the relative motion between the single moving mass controlled reentry vehicle and the ...