载荷频率和热处理对压铸镁合金AZ91HP疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

在保留压铸态截面的条件下,通过对压铸(F)、固溶(T4)和峰时效(T6)三种热处理状态的压铸镁合金AZ91HP薄板试样在不同频率下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验结果的分析发现,疲劳裂纹扩展速率随着加载频率的提高而降低.固溶处理能够降低疲劳裂纹扩展速率,但随后的时效处理又加剧了疲劳裂纹扩展速率的提高.     

玻璃纤维增强铝合金层合板疲劳性能试验研究

纤维增强金属层板兼具复合材料和金属材料的优点,是理想的民机结构备选材料.本文对玻璃纤维增强铝合金层合板在不同应力比下裂纹萌生及疲劳裂纹扩展性能进行了试验、测试和分析,获得了不同应力比及应力幅值对疲劳裂纹萌生和疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律,给出了纤维增强铝合金层合板(FML)在疲劳载荷作用下疲劳特性,对此类材料的设计及应用有一定参考价值.     

粉末冶金盘损伤容限的边界元分析

采用边界元法建立了裂纹扩展分析模型,对FGH95粉末高温合金标准紧凑拉伸(CT)试样的裂纹扩展试验结果进行了数值模拟,计算结果与试验吻合很好,表明分析方法的准确性及可行性.在对粉末高温合金缺陷数据分析的基础上,建立了粉末盘损伤容限边界元分析模型,对其裂纹扩展寿命进行了评估.研究表明:边界元法在损伤容限分析中的实现便捷可行,可应用于复杂构件裂纹扩展特性的工程分析,与传统预测方法相比,能够给出更为合理的寿命结果.      

基于有限元法的永磁同步电机定子固有频率研究

定子模态分析是研究永磁同步电机(PMSM)电磁振动噪声的重要环节,对定子固有频率进行准确预测是抑制PMSM电磁振动噪声的基础。运用解析法分析了影响定子固有频率的主要因素。建立了定子系统各部分有限元仿真模型,通过有限元仿真和相关数据处理分析研究了绕组、机壳和端盖对定子固有频率的影响。结果表明:当绕组等效弹性模量低于某一临界值时,会使定子固有频率降低,而高于该临界值时,会使定子固有频率升高；机壳和端盖均会使定子的固有频率大幅度提高。     

飞机起落架使用可靠性的统计

 <正> 1.检查周期内裂纹尺寸的分布规律 令F_D(xX)为发现裂纹尺寸X的概率,F_D~*(X)=1-F_D(x)为漏检概率。现已推荐了F_D(X)的各种函数形式。裂纹的检测概率选用Weibull函数型     

疲劳损伤对3DC／SiC复合材料裂纹分布的影响

采用x2拟合优度检验方法对疲劳试验前后3D C/SiC复合材料基体和涂层裂纹分布规律进行研究.结果表明,原始试样中3D C/SiC复合材料基体和涂层裂纹间距分别服从分布函数为N(143.75,56.782)和N(562.59,100.092)的正态分布,疲劳后基体和涂层裂纹间距分别服从分布函数为N(105.48,29.162)和N(227.89,25.232)的正态分布.疲劳可以促使新裂纹的产生,但不能改变基体和涂层裂纹间距分布的基本特征,这是由3DC/SiC复合材料的编织结构所决定的.     

GH4169合金自然萌生小裂纹扩展行为的试验研究

为了研究镍基GH4169高温合金自然萌生小裂纹的扩展行为,采用单边缺口拉伸(SENT)试样进行了室温下应力比R=0.1,0.5的小裂纹扩展试验。在长裂纹近门槛值区域,观察到明显的小裂纹效应,疲劳小裂纹扩展寿命占全寿命的大部分。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)对试样断口表面进行微观分析,结果表明,疲劳小裂纹起始于合金中的夹杂(Ti(C,N)或Nb(C,N)),并且倾向于以半圆形向试样内部扩展。试样的断裂模式存在由晶体学小平面断裂向疲劳条带断裂的转变,该断裂模式转变处对应小裂纹扩展速率曲线上裂纹加速扩展前的急速降低点。     

某燃气涡轮工作叶片裂纹分析

为阐明测试单元环境下加速任务试车(AMT)过程中叶片早期起裂的物理原因,对裂纹叶片断口进行了检查和分析,并采用LPTi's XactLIFETM系统对叶片进行了深入的分析.结果表明:叶片叶型发生了过量的蠕变损伤,此过量的蠕变损伤导致了叶片的过量延伸以及叶型特别是在尾缘区域的转扭,此行为可能造成AMT疲劳循环条件下缘板以下的叶片伸根部位疲劳裂纹的形核与生长.因此,过量的蠕变被认为是整个裂纹形核过程的主要驱动力.      

锻造TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头的疲劳破坏机制

对锻造TC4钛合金电子束焊接(EBW)接头进行了应力控制的高周疲劳试验和应变控制的低周疲劳试验,利用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断口进行观察与分析,研究了疲劳裂纹的起裂机制.研究结果表明:所有的高周疲劳试样裂纹起裂位置和最后断裂位置均发生在母材区,而低周疲劳试验试样断裂位置表现出不确定性,在焊缝区和母材区均可导致裂纹起裂.高周疲劳载荷下,裂纹起源于表面滑移;低周疲劳时,裂纹可能在接头母材区的表面起裂,也可能在接头焊缝的内部缺陷处起裂,裂纹起裂模式取决于载荷大小.      

喷丸强化7475-T7351铝合金的小裂纹行为和寿命预测

对7475-T7351铝合金进行了喷丸强化和未喷丸(机械加工后抛光)单边缺口拉伸(SENT)试样的小裂纹扩展行为试验研究,利用权函数法(WFM)和叠加原理分析计算了三维表面小裂纹在外加载荷和残余应力场联合作用下的应力强度因子(SIF),并将其加入到基于裂纹闭合的小裂纹扩展分析程序FASTRAN3.9中,采用该程序预测了均布外载荷σmax=160MPa、R=0.06下,喷丸强化和未喷丸SENT试样自然萌生裂纹扩展的a-N曲线。研究发现喷丸强化残余压应力对疲劳小裂纹扩展速率的降低是疲劳寿命延长最主要的原因,采用基于裂纹闭合的小裂纹扩展分析方法能够较好地定量描述喷丸强化的疲劳延寿作用。     

固体火箭发动机药柱裂纹燃烧的实验研究

推进剂燃烧;;火焰传播;;固体火箭发动机     

机体结构AE信号的统计分析研究

对机体结构声发射数据的表征参数进行分析,建立了数据处理的统计模型,并运用该模型分析了某型飞机全机疲劳试验和某现役飞机随机机载声发射监测数据,提出了结构损伤判据,可供实际应用。     

8090铝锂合金疲劳短裂纹扩展行为研究

 研究了8090铝锂合金二维短裂纹的扩展行为,发现了短裂纹扩展抗力明显低于长裂纹,且随裂纹尺寸不同而异,其原因是裂纹闭合效应随裂纹尺寸变化。应用有效应力强度因子幅值可统一各种尺寸短裂纹乃至长裂纹的扩展行为。     

Review of Ionospheric Effects of Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling in the Context of the Expanding Contracting Polar Cap Boundary Model

This paper reviews the coupling between the solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere. The coupling between the solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere is controlled by the orientation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). When the IMF has a southward component, the coupling is strongest and the ionospheric convection pattern that is generated is a simple twin cell pattern with anti-sunward flow across the polar cap and return, sunward flow at lower latitudes. When the IMF is northward, the ionospheric convection pattern is more complex, involving flow driven by reconnection between the IMF and the tail lobe field, which is sunward in the polar cap near noon. Typically four cells are found when the IMF is northward, and the convection pattern is also more contracted under these conditions. The presence of a strong Y (dawn-dusk) component to the IMF leads to asymmetries in the flow pattern. Reconnection, however, is typically transient in nature both at the dayside magnetopause and in the geomagnetic tail. The transient events at the dayside are referred to as flux transfer events (FTEs), while the substorm process illustrates the transient nature of reconnection in the tail. The transient nature of reconnection lead to the proposal of an alternative model for flow stimulation which is termed the expanding/contracting polar cap boundary model. In this model, the addition to, or removal from, the polar cap of magnetic flux stimulates flow as the polar cap boundary seeks to return to an equilibrium position. The resulting average patterns of flow are therefore a summation of the addition of open flux to the polar cap at the dayside and the removal of flux from the polar cap in the nightside. This paper reviews progress over the last decade in our understanding of ionospheric convection that is driven by transient reconnection such as FTEs as well as by reconnection in the tail during substorms in the context of a simple model of the variation of open magnetic flux. In this model, the polar cap expands when the reconnection rate is higher at the dayside magnetopause than in the tail and contracts when the opposite is the case. By measuring the size of the polar cap, the dynamics of the open flux in the tail can be followed on a large scale.     

Solar Wind Control of the Magnetospheric and Auroral Dynamics

A dependence of the polar cap magnetic flux on the interplanetary magnetic field and on the solar wind dynamic pressure is studied. The model calculations of the polar cap and auroral oval magnetic fluxes at the ionospheric level are presented. The obtained functions are based on the paraboloid magnetospheric model calculations. The scaling law for the polar cap diameter changing for different subsolar distances is demonstrated. Quiet conditions are used to compare theoretical results with the UV images of the Earth’s polar region obtained onboard the Polar and IMAGE spacecrafts. The model calculations enable finding not only the average polar cap magnetic flux but also the extreme values of the polar cap and auroral oval magnetic fluxes. These values can be attained in the course of the severe magnetic storm. Spectacular aurora often can be seen at midlatitude during severe magnetic storm. In particularly, the Bastille Day storm of July 15–16, 2000, was a severe magnetic storm when auroral displays were reported at midlatitudes. Enhancement of global magnetospheric current systems (ring current and tail current) and corresponding reconstruction of the magnetospheric structure is a reason for the equatorward displacement of the auroral zone. But at the start of the studied event the contracted polar cap and auroral oval were observed. In this case, the sudden solar wind pressure pulse was associated with a simultaneous northward IMF turning. Such IMF and solar wind pressure behavior is a cause of the observed aurora dynamics.     

广布损伤的试验研究与有限元分析

 通过对无钉载3排平行孔平板和无钉载3排交错孔平板从无裂纹开始的疲劳试验,发现应力大小对是否出现广布损伤(MSD)有重要影响,首裂孔和断裂排位不总是一一对应。在试验中观察到了MSD的竞争现象,证实了群发小裂纹也是MSD中一种重要的破坏形式。采用FRANC2D/L建立了对生裂纹、非对生裂纹和单裂纹3种开裂模式的有限元模型。计算结果表明:短裂纹扩展过程中,裂纹间干涉效应不明显,3种模式的应力强度因子增长趋势相近;而对于长裂纹,试验和有限元计算都证明了裂纹间的干涉显著地加快了裂纹的扩展。     

Improving performance of macro electrolyte jet machining of TC4 titanium alloy: Experimental and numerical studies

Electrolyte jet machining (EJM) is a promising method for shaping titanium alloys due to its lack of tool wear, thermal and residual stress, and cracks and burrs. Recently, macro-EJM has attracted increasing attention for its high efficiency in machining wide grooves or planes. However, macro-EJM generates large amounts of electrolytic products, thereby increasing the difficulty of rapid product removal with a standard tool and reducing the surface quality. Therefore, for enhanced product transport, a novel tool with a back inclined end face was proposed for macro-EJM of TC4 titanium alloy. For comparison, also proposed were ones with a standard flat end face, a front inclined end face, and both front and back inclined end faces. The flow field distributions of all proposed tools were simulated numerically, and experiments were also conducted to validate the simulation results. The results show that one with a 5° back inclined end face can decrease the low-velocity flow zone in the machining area and increase the high-velocity flow zone at the back end of tool, thereby promoting rapid product removal. A relatively smooth bright-white groove surface was obtained. The same tool also resulted in the highest machining depth and material removal rate among the tested ones. In addition, rapid product removal was beneficial to the subsequent processing. Because of its rapid product removal, the machining depth and material removal rate during deep groove machining using the tool with a 5° back inclined end face were respectively 7% and 14% higher than those produced using a standard one. Moreover, the lowest bottom height difference of 0.027 mm can be obtained when the step-over value was 8.2 mm, and a plane with a depth of 0.285 mm and a bottom height difference of 0.03 mm was fabricated using the tool with a 5° back inclined end face.     

铝锂合金的铸锭冶金（Ⅱ）

介绍了俄罗斯铝锂合金铸锭熔炼和铸造方法的发展和改进，评述了铝锂合金熔铸特点，熔体氧化，防护添加剂，熔剂和氩气防护，氧、碳、氮和氢等非金属夹杂，铸造裂纹（冷裂和热裂）敏感性，结晶状态，不均匀组织等方面的研究结果。     

某航空用扭转弹簧失效分析(英文)

某型扭转弹簧零件主要用于航空机构中,在装配过程中出现裂纹和发生断裂。通过视频显微镜、扫描电镜、金相显微镜等分析方法,对断裂弹簧裂纹、断口特征及其附近损伤形貌进行了宏、微观观察和覆盖物的能谱分析。在试验结果和数据的基础上,结合加工工艺综合分析失效的性质和原因。金相组织检查未发现材质异常,失效与材质无关。弹簧裂纹和断裂都起始于内表面,因此裂纹的萌生发生在弹簧绕制后镀镉前。裂纹张开方向与弹簧内表面的残余拉应力方向一致,而且绕制后、镀镉前接触氢介质。弹簧失效的原因是残余拉应力和氢共同作用下发生氢致延迟开裂。     

某型发动机燃烧室外套搭接滚焊缝裂纹对使用寿命的影响

针对某型发动机燃烧室外套搭接滚焊缝处存在的裂纹,从冶金和有限元强度分析角度对焊缝裂纹扩展寿命、试片疲劳和全寿命疲劳试验等进行研究与验证,给出焊缝裂纹的扩展寿命,得出搭接滚焊缝处存在裂纹的燃烧室外套可安全使用的结论。