基于径向基神经网络干扰观测器的空天飞行器自适应轨迹线性化控制

 研究了一种自适应轨迹线性化控制策略并应用于空天飞行器(ASV)飞行控制系统设计。通过理论分析指明当前轨迹线性化控制方法(TLC)对系统中的不确定存在鲁棒性不足的问题。为了解决这一问题，首先研究了一种径向基神经网络干扰观测器(RDO)技术，严格证明了RDO对于系统中不确定因素具有良好的逼近能力。然后利用RDO输出得到一种新的基于RDO的自适应TLC控制策略。神经网络自适应律采用Lyapunov方法设计，保证了闭环系统所有信号有界。最后采用新方案实现了ASV飞控系统，仿真结果表明整个闭环系统在鲁棒性能方面得到很大提高。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE INFRARED RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS FROM HOT JET

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Open systems architecture solutions for military avionics testing

Raytheon makes extensive use of open systems architecture methods in developing special test equipment (STE) for testing military avionics equipment. Such use has resulted in significant cost and schedule savings in the development of production test equipment for radar and infrared systems. With open systems architectures, a test system can be assembled using COTS products. This brings economies of scale to test equipment, which is normally built in very low quantities. Therefore, the potential cost savings due to COTS usage is proportionately greater in STE than in the higher volume avionics systems that are tested. A second major benefit of using COTS products is that test system development schedule cycle time is greatly reduced. This paper describes the application of Open Systems Architectures (OSA) to avionics testing. The following major architectures are surveyed: VME bus, VXI bus, IEEE GPIB, IEEE 1149.1 JTAG test bus, 1553 Military Bus, Fibre Channel, and COTS Test Applications Software. We describe how the benefits of OSA have been extended at Raytheon into achieving vertical test commonalities. The flexibility of OSA can be exploited to provide an overall optimum test solution, taking all levels of test into account. For example, test systems can be tailored with COTS products to provide integrated methods for avionics tests at the module, unit, and system levels. Test systems can be configured to maximize the reuse of COTS hardware over all test levels. Test software can also be programmed to optimize such reuse over levels of test. Additional test verticality synergies derived from such OSA usage are described, including: test false alarm avoidance; test cones of tolerance optimization; and efficient test of field returns     

基于ARM的嵌入式系统的可靠性强化试验定量分析评估

针对可靠性强化试验难以定量计算产品可靠性指标的问题,采用应力强度模型和数理统计理论,提出一种通过强化试验数据计算产品外场可靠度的工程适用方法。在对某基于ARM微处理器的嵌入式系统进行可靠性强化试验的基础上,采用该方法计算出产品在振动环境条件下的外场可靠度。提出的方法能够对改进产品可靠性起指导作用。     

测试性建模以及测试性验证试验应用

鉴于用户对航电产品测试性要求的不断提高,因此在签署协议时已经规定了产品的测试性定量指标以及开展测试性建模和测试性验证试验的要求。首先收集产品测试性设计信息,梳理产品研制阶段开展测试性建模分析的流程,根据测试性建模的结论以及改进建议迭代产品设计,再开展测试性试验验证测试性建模分析的正确性,对改进后测试性设计进行验证,以实现产品的测试性设计迭代与增长,判定产品的测试性水平是否达到规定的要求。     

TDMS for aviation software

Quality assurance and testing phase is one of the most crucial phases in the life cycle of computer software. Most aviation software, due to the possible life-threatening consequences of failures, is subjected to intense testing. Frequently, this results in generation of enormous unorganized raw data files. Such data needs to be further processed and analyzed to get a meaningful insight into potential problem areas with the software. In this paper, we present the results of our study on designing and implementing a test management system specifically designed for testing aviation software. The paper has three major contributions. First, we present a survey of existing work. Second, we discuss the design for a test data management system, TDMS. Finally, we discuss some implementation issues encountered during the TDMS development.     

Disturbance ranging in capsule atmosphere descent

A problem of evaluating disturbance significance in the statistic analysis of recovery capsule motion in atmosphere is considered. We present the results of comparing several methods, namely, iteration method of least squares, statistic linearization method and statistic test method (independently for each disturbance). The methods are compared using as an example the calculation of landing point scatter for a spherical recovery capsule that is returned from the orbit by means of a cable system.     

应用涡流电导率检测技术评定铝合金的热损伤

综述了铝合金产品在现代航空工业中的重要作用,举例说明了涡流电导率检测技术在评定铝合金热损伤方面的潜在用途,指出这种检测方法是今后铝合金质量控制的有效手段,特别是在飞机结构件烧伤的检测中有独特的优越性。     

航空电子系统地面试验中测试系统的综合化、通用化设计

测试系统作为航空电子系统地面试验中的重要设备,为系统试验提供了自动化、数字化的科学手段和结果分析依据。以往的测试系统都是根据具体型号研制的设备,存在着利用率相对低、资源重复、资金浪费严重的情况。根据航空电子系统的构型和现有的技术条件,飞机航空电子系统综合验证试验研制通用的综合测试系统已成为必然。本文介绍了航空电子系统地面试验中测试系统的综合化、通用化设计方法。     

高空台间接加热试验

用同一种发动机在不同模拟状态下，采用技改措施及加热器的火焰筒不同个数进行了试验，获得了模拟温度、气源压力与时间的关系。设备的总压系数为0．67；加热系统的总效率为0．41－0．55。与另一高空台使用同一间接加热系统的总效率（约为0．62）相比有所不同。分析了原因，并指出了解决问题的途径。上述试验方法及试验结果可供类拟发动机试验参考使用。     

我国政府监管电信业投融资的新思路

我国电信市场发展有着广阔的空间,面临着巨大的资金需求,因而谋求更加有效的投融资方式。随着电信行业持续快速发展和体制改革不断深化,政府在电信业投融资领域的监管也应该随着时间与环境的改变不断地修正。这是当前中国电信业资本运作机制创新所面临的亟待解决的问题。文章着重阐明电信业投融资来源与资金使用方向的新变化,并对政府的应对策略提出建议。     

基于某机载视频部件智能检测系统的设计与实现

检测系统是检测产品功能、性能以及产品是否能满足用户需求的重要测试工具,机载计算机技术指标的测试从准确度、覆盖率以及稳定性、可靠性方面对其检测系统提出了更高要求。原始的视频信号检测需使用视频图像和测量工具相结合的方法进行,不易于故障定位及维修。主要阐述了基于某机载视频部件的智能检测系统的设计和实现,突破了原始的视频信号检测方法,检测系统通过对5种不同格式的视频信号进行自动检测,显示出详细全面的测试信息,实现了检测系统对被测件的智能检测,使得检测系统的故障覆盖率、准确度得到保证。该检测系统已成功运用于某机载视频部件,且性能稳定可靠,同样适用于其它机载设备中同类产品的检测。     

三浮陀螺仪沿输出轴误差系数DO的产生机理分析

目前,三浮陀螺仪误差模型包含沿输出轴的一次项误差系数DO,该误差项尚无明显的物理意义,但 DO的标定结果在0.0002(°)/(h·g)～0.015(°)/(h·g).针对三浮陀螺仪的结构特点和测试方法分析了DO的产生机理,通过调整安装误差角的试验说明安装误差角带来的天向地速和一次项分量会影响DO,因此系统在选用陀螺误差模型时,需关注由测试方法带来的误差.同时,陀螺在设计、生产和调试过程中对安装误差角的影响应予以重视.最后用统计检验的方法说明DO对误差模型的线性影响不显著,为系统选取陀螺误差模型提供依据.     

机载计算机结构加速寿命试验原理及实现

加速寿命试验是解决高可靠、长寿命产品可靠性评估等问题的重要加速试验技术。传统的寿命试验方法需耗费大量的时间与成本,而加速寿命试验则通过提高应力水平来加速产品性能衰退,在可以接受的时间内得到有效的试验数据,并预测出产品在正常应力下的寿命。介绍了加速寿命试验产生的背景、基本概念、基本假设、基本理论和具体实现步骤,并以某机栽计算机为例,说明了加速寿命试验的应用过程。     

A novel approach of testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems based on failure evolution mechanism

Prognostics and health management (PHM) significantly improves system availability and reliability, and reduces the cost of system operations. Design for testability (DFT) developed concurrently with system design is an important way to improve PHM capability. Testability modeling and analysis are the foundation of DFT. This paper proposes a novel approach of testability modeling and analysis based on failure evolution mechanisms. At the component level, the fault progression-related information of each unit under test (UUT) in a system is obtained by means of failure modes, evolution mechanisms, effects and criticality analysis (FMEMECA), and then the failure-symptom dependency can be generated. At the system level, the dynamic attributes of UUTs are assigned by using the bond graph methodology, and then the symptom-test dependency can be obtained by means of the functional flow method. Based on the failure-symptom and symptom-test dependencies, testability analysis for PHM systems can be realized. A shunt motor is used to verify the application of the approach proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that this approach is able to be applied to testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems very well, and the analysis results can provide a guide for engineers to design for testability in order to improve PHM performance.     

基于加速退化原理的光纤陀螺性能保持期评估方法研究

为评估光纤陀螺在长期贮存条件下的性能保持期,从光纤陀螺自身的特点出发,根据贮存环境的具体要求,详细分析了加速试验过程中试验应力及应力量值的选取,明确了试验样品的分配及具体试验时间估算方式。通过加速退化的手段得到样品的零偏和标度因数等数据,结合可靠性工程领域的成熟方法和理论,采用灰色系统模型和线性退化模型得到外推时间,计算Weibull分布的形状参数和寿命参数,并根据Arrhenius模型对光纤陀螺的性能保持期进行了预测。试验结果表明,采用ASE光源的0.01(°)/h量级的光纤陀螺,其性能保持期可以超过3a。     

高空飞艇螺旋桨优化设计与气动性能车载试验

结合某高空飞艇螺旋桨的总体设计方案要求,完成螺旋桨的优化设计以及气动性能车载试验.采用叶素动量理论作为螺旋桨气动性能的计算方法,并通过风洞试验验证了该方法的可靠性.结合遗传算法对螺旋桨的弦长和扭转角进行了优化,使螺旋桨更加高效轻质,优化后螺旋桨设计点的气动效率增加了2.3%.建立螺旋桨车载试验测控系统,可以改变试验海拔高度和大气参数,得到优化设计螺旋桨不同工况的气动性能.试验结果表明,相同转速和来流条件下,海拔越高,螺旋桨的推力和扭矩越小.海拔为3-6km时,全尺寸高空飞艇螺旋桨计算推力和扭矩与试验结果的平均相对误差分别为2.8%和9.2%,两者基本吻合,从而验证了高空飞艇螺旋桨车载试验的准确性.      

Failure behavior analysis of phased-mission systems considering functional and physical isolation effects

Phased-Mission Systems (PMS) are widely applied in aerospace, telecommunication and intelligent systems for multiple, consecutive and non-overlapping phases of missions. The phase-dependent stresses and system structure cause some difficulties to the reliability analysis of PMSs. In this paper, we analyze the physical isolation effects on the degradation speeds and across-phase damage accumulations of failure mechanisms. And, some corresponding reliability and unreliability formulas are derived. Besides, a hierarchical Binary Decision Diagram (BDD)-based modeling method is proposed for incorporating functional and physical isolation effects into BDD models, and the analytical method with phase algebras is introduced for studying the failure behavior of PMS with functional dependence. In the case study, we evaluate the collision avoidance system of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle as an example to demonstrate the proposed modeling and analysis method. Results show that the physical isolation effects have significant influences on the degradations of components, which deserves detailed analysis for a more practical and realistic PMS’s failure behavior.     

旋转状态下孔排构型气膜冷却特性实验研究

 通过对旋转状态下带有孔排构型平板叶片模型表面的气膜冷却换热特性进行实验研究,得到了不同吹风比、旋转数、主流雷诺数和密度比情况下气膜孔下游流向位置上绝热效率的变化规律,同时提出了一个新的用于评价气膜冷却效果优劣的无量纲参数——有效覆盖率(EAR)。实验采用空气和二氧化碳作为冷却工质,利用热色液晶测温（TLC）技术对测试表面的二维温度场进行测量,并通过旋转拍照系统对液晶图片进行即时采集。研究结果表明,吹风比对旋转状态下二次流的流动形态起着决定性作用。随着吹风比的增大,二次流经历了附壁流动、分离流动和分离再附壁流动3种形态。当旋转数增大时,吸力面和压力面上的绝热效率呈现先上升后下降趋势,且压力面上整体绝热效率要高于吸力面对应值。主流雷诺数的增大导致壁面绝热效率出现降低趋势,但整体冷却效果变化不大;冷气对主流密度比的增大则有助于壁面冷却效果的改善。此外,EAR可以对不同工况下的壁面气膜冷却效果进行量化比较和评判,因而极具工程推广价值。     

航空燃气涡轮发动机燃气分析测试及计算方法

针对航空燃气涡轮发动机整机及燃烧室部件试验的燃气分析测试,介绍了测试的原理和系统组成,完善了液体碳氢燃料的计算方法,发展了气体燃料的计算方法;分析了燃气组分测量值误差对燃烧参数计算结果的影响,讨论了取样方式及混合式取样器结构的影响,给出了混合式取样器结构是否合理的判定条件;对比了高压全环燃烧室试验的燃气分析和常规测试的结果,结果表明:使用设计合理的混合式取样器、保证足够的测点密度和使用合理配置的燃气分析测试系统,余气系数的测量精度优于5%,并对热电偶法和燃气分析法燃烧效率偏差进行了分析.