基于CAN总线的有效载荷温度测控系统

温度是有效载荷系统设计中的一个重要参数,针对空间粒子探测器阿尔法磁谱仪(AMS),介绍一种基于CAN总线的分布式有效载荷温度测控系统。系统采用数字式温度传感器DS18S20作为温度检测元件,以单总线实现远程数据采集模块的多点温度检测。基于探测器的地面测试系统,实验分析了数字式温度传感器空间应用的可靠性,并从软硬件角度提出了改善系统可靠性和测量精度的方法。     

基于无源光网络的高速光纤总线技术研究

随着航天遥感类载荷性能的提高,其数据量大幅增加,对高速数据传输提出了更高要求.针对航天环境的高可靠性要求,提出了一种基于命令响应式协议的新型高速光纤总线结构,即把无源光网络技术与FC-AE-1553协议相结合,采用高生存性的逆向双环的冗余拓扑结构搭建了地面演示验证系统.实验表明,新的光纤总线系统通信速率可达2.5Gbps,容易隔离失效节点,所用设备简单,可靠性高,满足航天工程应用需求,具有较强的实用价值.     

QCM用于检测航天器表面污染的技术研究

文章简要叙述了QCM(石英晶体微量天平)检测技术在航天器表面污染检测中的作用,主要体现在航天器表面、光学仪器和动力系统的污染检测,低地球轨道空间的原子氧检测,并且对QCM检测中使用的关键方法,热解重量分析法和温度效应进行分析。     

火箭发动机试验红外测温技术应用

目前发动机试验温度参数主要采用接触式测量方法,测温元件直接与被测对象相接触,优点是测量精度高,缺点是试验过程传感器经常损坏或脱落,且高温和腐蚀性介质影响感温元件的性能和寿命。根据发动机试验任务的要求和液体火箭发动机试验的特点,结合先进的分布式无接触式测量及光纤传输的技术,设计并建立了红外热成像测量系统。该系统采用无损、无线测量及光纤传输方式,提高了发动机热试车恶劣环境条件下关键部位温度参数的获得率,为全面研究发动机工作过程温度场分布情况奠定基础。     

空间站有效载荷真空支持系统方案评述

有效载荷真空支持系统是空间有效载荷支持系统的重要组成部分,为空间有效载荷实验的顺利进行提供真空环境支持和保证。文章详细分析了国际空间站包括美国“命运号”实验舱（USL）、欧空局哥伦布轨道舱（APM）及日本实验舱（JEM）内的有效载荷真空支持系统方案及使用情况;对美国实验舱内的一号微重力材料科学机柜及微重力燃烧科学机柜内部专用的真空支持系统作了主要介绍;最后提出了我国空间站有效载荷真空支持系统的初步方案设想,即合理安排有效载荷实验进行次序,将废气排放子系统及真空资源子系统合二为一,以节约资源,提高可靠性。     

Some experimental progresses in the study of self-rewetting fluids for the SELENE experiment to be carried in the Thermal Platform 1 hardware

SELENE (SELf-rewetting fluids for thermal ENErgy management) is a microgravity experiment proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in response to the Announcement of Opportunities for Physical Sciences. Main objectives of the microgravity research onboard the International Space Station (ISS) include the quantitative investigation of heat transfer performances in model heat pipes and validation of adequate theoretical and numerical models. In particular the research is focused on “self-rewetting fluids”, i.e. fluid mixtures with unusual surface tension properties. This article summarizes preliminary ground-based research activities in preparation of the microgravity experiments. They include: (1) thermophysical properties measurements; (2) study of thermo-soluto-capillary effects in micro-channels; (3) numerical modeling; (4) measurements with optical (e.g. interferometric) and intrusive techniques; (5) surface tension-driven effects and thermal performances test on different capillary structures and heat pipes; and (6) breadboards development and support to definition of scientific requirements.     

基于透射原理的液面变形测量方法综述

带液体燃料的航天器的液体晃动与运动控制离不开液面变形的精确测量。然而液体的弱反射性、易变形性、强透射性等特点增大了液面变形的测量难度,而传统的固体形貌光测技术并不适用。文章综述了目前应用较广的基于透射的液面变形测量方法,重点对相位偏折法、畸变分析法和光线追踪法的测量原理、灵敏度、适用范围和各自的优缺点进行讨论;并展望液面测量方法的发展方向和趋势。     

New microgravity fundamental physics research areas in the ISS era

NASA's microgravity fundamental physics program has used the Space Shuttle to perform high resolutions experiments in space. As we come to the end of the Shuttle era, we will begin to perform research aboard the ISS. A large stable of ground based experiments have been selected from NASA Research Announcements in a variety of disciplines. These investigations will form the backbone from which to select future flight candidates. Research in Laser Cooling and Atomic Physics will enable us to operate highly precise clocks in space. Low temperature physics experiments will use a liquid helium facility with a six-month lifetime. This facility can also support experiments in gravitational physics. Researchers in biological physics will be offered an opportunity to develop future experiments that can benefit from space experimentation. An overview of the future research directions and the benefits to the community of performing research aboard the ISS will be presented.     

ZM-4300光学遥感器空间环境模拟试验设备研制

ZM-4300光学遥感器空间环境模拟试验设备针对航天光学遥感仪器空间环境模拟试验而设计制造,可进行航天光学遥感仪器的热光学、热真空、热平衡及热循环等空间环模试验。设备包括8个主要分系统;具有液氮和机械制冷两个制冷流程;真空容器24 h累积污染量不大于1.36 g/cm2。     

空间环境对光学元件分子污染的影响及减缓方法

随着航天器在轨寿命的延长，分子污染对其空间光学系统在轨安全和可靠性的影响越来越突出。文章首先阐明空间分子污染的来源及其对空间光学元件的效应；之后分析温度、紫外辐射、激光照射等空间自然环境和人工环境对光学元件分子污染的影响，揭示空间环境影响光学元件分子污染的演变过程和形态；进而给出地面预处理、表面改性、优化系统设计和在轨主动清除等方面的空间光学元件分子污染减缓与清除技术；最后提出分子污染的高灵敏监测、热控及分子污染吸附复合涂层、分子污染在轨高效去除技术、先进的协同模拟设备和仿真技术等研究方向。     

空间绳网捕获动力学仿真

空间绳网捕获系统是一种很有前景的空间碎片清除方法。然而，绳网的部署与捕获过程非常复杂，截至目前仍存在少量关键问题有待解决。对绳网捕获过程的研究是为了得到更合理的初始释放条件，以便绳网在接触目标后能成功包裹目标。利用有限元法将绳网进行离散，建立弹簧质点模型，并通过有限元软件进行仿真。同时提出了与仿真相关的3个接触参数，通过对不同捕获模型接触参数的横向对比找出绳网系统在展开及捕获过程中接触行为的区别。仿真结果表明，采用方形绳网系统对于正方体与弧形薄壁体目标捕获效果相对较好，对球形目标的捕获效果相对较差。针对不同捕获物体，绳网中最大应力出现的位置也不同，但最大应力都是集中出现在绳网与捕获目标棱角接触处与牵引球连接处。该仿真结果对最优绳网初始释放条件与编织形式的选取具有指导意义。     

空间激光通信网络中的全光数据合路技术研究

针对空间激光通信网络接入节点多路激光链路传输需求，基于高非线性光纤中四波混频参量效应，并结合色散控制，开展全光合路处理技术研究。采用VPI 10.0模拟平台构建了时间透镜全光合路系统，验证了4路速率为10 Gbps的差分相移键控DPSK（Differential Phase Shift Keying）信号光以及通断键控调制OOK（On-Off Keying）和DPSK混合制式信号光的全光合路可行性，并对全光合路技术实现中色散、光功率等关键参数对系统性能的影响进行了分析，为实际系统的设计和应用提供数据支撑。所提出的全光合路技术具有数据处理带宽大、通信制式兼容且系统复杂度低等优点，可有效降低空间激光通信网络的资源需求与载荷成本，为下一代空间激光骨干网的发展与全面应用提供有效技术支撑。     

基于虚拟化技术的数值仿真与中央监控系统网络设计

“数值仿真与中央监控系统”作为国家大科学工程项目“空间环境地面模拟装置”的分系统，为装置提供数据采集、实验和安全监控、集中展示、数据存储、运行管理、数值仿真、数据共享以及配套系统的监管等服务。文章基于各类业务在网络中的承载需求，针对系统网络涉及业务种类繁多、数据量大、网络规模复杂等特点，采用星型拓扑结构，各节点采用双设备部署，防火墙采用Acitve-Acitve路由方式部署，利用网络虚拟化技术对网络进行横向融合和纵向隔离，构建了多业务统一承载的数值仿真与中央监控系统网络。该设计简化了网络规划，提升了网络带宽，增强了网络的可靠性和安全性，最终实现在一张物理网络中为各类实验业务提供差异化网络服务。     

深空探测用塑料闪烁体阵列式缪子探测器电子学采集系统设计

宇宙线缪子成像方法是一种对物质密度敏感的高分辨率、高精度被动源探测技术,无须原位测量,有望成为火星和小行星浅表和内部物质结构成分研究的新兴深空探测手段.鉴于气体探测器、核乳胶探测器使用条件的局限性,设计一种适用于深空探测的多通道读出的塑料闪烁体阵列式缪子探测器,可实现对多路探测器缪子信号的采集.搭建探测器测试系统,在实...     

利用载人航天器进行热控涂层舱外搭载试验研究

为了解空间环境对热控涂层性能的影响,文章设计了舱外热控涂层搭载试验方案,包括试验件配置、在轨试验和回收方法。试验件在轨试验期间安放在载人航天器密封舱前舱门外,暴露于空间环境中;在实现对接、建立组合体后,航天员不需太空行走即可实施对搭载试验件的回收及再次安装等操作。该方案若成功应用并回收试验件至地面,我国将首次获得热控涂层空间飞行试验数据。     

基于CCSDS—CDAS模型的空间机械臂数据管理软件设计

根据某空间机械臂的总线拓扑结构以及指令与数据特性，对空间数据系统咨询委员会（CCSDS）提出的指令与数据获取业务（CDAS）模型进行了研究，结合设备虚拟化业务，采用面向对象的方法进行设备抽象，阐述了设备数据池业务设计时的遥测数据更新、上层业务数据获取、数据有效性的判别等关键问题。提出了基于指令与数据获取业务模型的机械臂数据管理软件构架，并已在某机械臂中央控制器上成功应用。     

The PROCESS experiment: amino and carboxylic acids under Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in low-earth orbit

The search for organic molecules at the surface of Mars is a top priority of the next Mars exploration space missions: Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) and ExoMars (ESA). The detection of organic matter could provide information about the presence of a prebiotic chemistry or even biological activity on this planet. Therefore, a key step in interpretation of future data collected by these missions is to understand the preservation of organic matter in the martian environment. Several laboratory experiments have been devoted to quantifying and qualifying the evolution of organic molecules under simulated environmental conditions of Mars. However, these laboratory simulations are limited, and one major constraint is the reproduction of the UV spectrum that reaches the surface of Mars. As part of the PROCESS experiment of the European EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station, a study was performed on the photodegradation of organics under filtered extraterrestrial solar electromagnetic radiation that mimics Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions. Glycine, serine, phthalic acid, phthalic acid in the presence of a mineral phase, and mellitic acid were exposed to these conditions for 1.5 years, and their evolution was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy after their retrieval. The results were compared with data from laboratory experiments. A 1.5-year exposure to Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in space resulted in complete degradation of the organic compounds. Half-lives between 50 and 150?h for martian surface conditions were calculated from both laboratory and low-Earth orbit experiments. The results highlight that none of those organics are stable under low-Earth orbit solar UV radiation conditions.     

可重复使用空间站补给方案设想

提出了一种基于我国现有液体上面级的可重复使用太空补给方案,可用于空间站补给运送货物及废弃品转运清理。分析了空间站补给运送的任务模式及工作流程。在总结应用特点的基础上,提出了基于上面级的可重复使用空间站补给的发展路线。最后,对相关关键技术进行了初步分析。     

Defining a European space research policy: The role of the European Space Science Committee

The willingness of the European Union (EU) to acquire an important position by defining a well articulated space policy for Europe requires a redefinition of the roles of the various actors of this policy. This has been demonstrated at the last ESA Ministerial Conference despite the financial difficulties encountered by all spacefaring European countries. The European Space Science Committee (ESSC), an associated Committee of the European Science Foundation (ESF), actively participated in the elaboration of such a policy by presenting the point of view of the space scientific community and making recommendations to ensure that scientific space research is appropriately accounted for in overall European space policy. The ESSC is briefly described along with its activities and contributions to the definition of a European space policy.