Fused Silica Lightweight Mirror Blanks

The construction of lightweight mirrors requires materials with good welding properties that also are free from creeping effects. The described construction gives a good balance between weight reduction (50 to 60 percent) and rigidity. The ability of the mirror to withstand mechanical and thermal loads is proved by measurements of surface distortion under mechanical load, during radiation heating, heating through the support system, and temperature cycling. The impact and shear strength of the fused joints are examined by several tests.     

An Experimental Twenty-Inch Segmented Active Mirror

Segmented active optics is a new design concept for making a lightweight optically stable primary reflector for large optical telescopes and especially for space telescopes. The concept applied to a threesegment 20-inch primary mirror has been proven feasible in laboratory experiments. Test results showed diffraction-limited performance with automatic optical figure control to better than L/50 rms.     

蜂窝材料及孔格结构技术的发展

介绍了一种新型的芳纶/酚醛型高模量、高强度的Korex蜂窝芯材.并对不同孔格-密度的Korex蜂窝芯材进行了力学性能和典型使用性能的对比,给出了几种新型的蜂窝结构.新型蜂窝材料和新型蜂窝孔格结构的研究,将有效地提高蜂窝结构的力学性能,显著地降低结构重量,提高使用可靠性,有利于扩大蜂窝结构在航空航天及其他工业领域中的应用.     

Lightweight structure of a phase-change thermal controller based on lattice cells manufactured by SLM

Thermal controllers equipped with phase-change materials are widely used for maintaining the moderate temperatures of various electric devices used in spacecraft. Yet, the structures of amounts of thermal controllers add up to such a large value that restricts the employment of scientific devices due to the limit of rocket capacity. A lightweight structure of phase-change thermal controllers has been one of the main focuses of spacecraft design engineering. In this work, we design a lightweight phase-change thermal controller structure based on lattice cells. The structure is manufactured entirely with AlSi10 Mg by direct metal laser melting. The dimensions of the structure are 230 mm × 170 mm × 15 mm, and the mass is 190 g, which is 60% lighter than most traditional structures(500–600 g) with the same dimensions. The 3 D-printed structure can reduce the risk of leakage at soldering manufacture by a welding process. Whether the strength of the designed structure is sufficient is determined through mechanical analysis and experiments. Thermal test results show that the thermal capacity of the lattice-based thermal controller is increased by50% compared to that of traditional controllers with the same volume.     

连续式高焓超声速预混加热器设计与分析

为研究超声速燃烧和爆轰相关的机理问题,提出了一种结合燃烧型加热器和阵列喷管的超声速预混加热器设计思想。通过预热燃烧室来提供总温可变的高焓富氧气流,经过特征线型面喷管膨胀降温后,在喷管扩张段的适当位置以一定角度喷入燃料,经过混合段后形成所需的连续高焓总温和当量比可调的预混气流。通过对混合过程的数值模拟和预混气体的着火延迟时间分析了当前的预混高焓加热器的混合和自燃问题。在超声速气流中加入斜劈采用纹影技术进行激波点火实验,并验证了当前的预混加热器设计是成功。     

高超声速飞行器界面多相催化数值研究进展

随着未来临近空间高超声速飞行器高速度、长航时新需求的提出,飞行器高温流动与热防护系统相互作用凸显,引发极端力学、热学条件下气固界面多相催化等高温界面效应。回顾了高超声速飞行器中界面多相催化理论建模和数值研究历程,重点综述了界面多相催化的给定速率系数模型、含微细观特征的唯象模型、基于微观理论模拟的跨尺度模型的研究进展。总结了作者团队在飞行器界面多相催化效应建模、机理和应用相关方面的研究结果。结合未来飞行器减重、增程、保形的设计需求,进一步提出了国内后续研究的重点方向,以期支撑热防护系统轻量化、低冗余设计。     

Landmark Navigation Rule, a New Navigation Device

Two new methods of landmark navigation were recently presented. The landmarks are assumed to be within sight of the navigator but with unknown positions. Both methods require computations which are time consuming when a computer is not available. This correspondence presents the concept of a new navigation device called ?landmark navigation rule? which eliminates all the computation effort required in both new methods. The device is simple in construction, lightweight, and consumes no power.     

实现结构轻量化的新型平流层飞艇研究进展

平流层飞艇具有极高的实用价值,是国内外临近空间开发的研究热点。和中低空常规飞艇相比,由于单位体积所提供的浮力大大降低,使得平流层飞艇设计时存在艇体体积、阻力和重量之间的循环关系,飞艇结构轻量化成为平流层飞艇研发的首要课题,受到了各国研究机构的高度重视。本文对目前实现平流层飞艇结构轻量化的主要方法和技术进行了整理,给出了利用这些方法实现结构轻量化的平流层飞艇研究进展,比较了这些方法的优势和不足,并对新型的平流层展开飞艇技术进行了分析。分析结果认为改进蒙皮材料性能、改变飞艇的结构形式和利用新型的空中展开飞艇将是平流层飞艇实现结构轻量化的主要手段,新型空中展开飞艇能够有效地实现结构轻量化,具备较好的发展潜力。     

Design and Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Silicon Carbide Primary Mirror Assembly

Based on the principle that the thermal expansion coefficient of the support structure should match that of the mirror, three schemes of primary mirror assembly were designed. Of them, the first is fused silica mirror plus 4J32 flexible support plus ZTC4 support back plate, the second K9 mirror plus 4J45 flexible support plus ZTC4 support back plate, and the third SiC mirror plus SiC rigid support back plate. A coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of the three primary mirror assemblies was made with finite element method. The results show that the SiC assembly is the best of all schemes in terms of their combination properties due to its elimination of the thermal expansion mismatch between the materials. The analytical results on the cryogenic property of the SiC primary mirror assembly show a higher surface finish of the SiC mirror even under the cryogenic condition.     

Design and Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Silicon Carbide Primary Mirror Assembly

Based on the principle that the thermal expansion coefficient of the support structure should match that of the mirror, three schemes of primary mirror assembly were designed. Of them, the first is fused silica mirror plus 4J32 flexible support plus ZTC4 sup-port back plate, the second K9 mirror plus 4J45 flexible support plus ZTC4 support back plate, and the third SiC mirror plus SiC rigid support back plate. A coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of the three primary mirror assemblies was made with finite element method. The results show that the SiC assembly is the best of all schemes in terms of their combination properties due to its elimination of the thermal expansion mismatch between the materials. The analytical results on the cryogenic property of the SiC primary mirror assembly show a higher surface finish of the SiC mirror even under the cryogenic condition.     

轻质量低成本无人机舵面结构优化与验证

复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构因其高比强度、比模量及可设计性而广泛应用于航空飞行器结构。文章提出了 1种轻质量、低成本舵面结构方案——通过增大蜂窝芯密度使其剪切模量提高,进而降低复合材料面板应力水平,减小面板厚度。首先,根据理论选择通过增大蜂窝密度提升蜂窝剪切模量;然后,对结构进行有限元计算与分析,发现蒙皮应力水平随蜂窝芯剪切模量增大而显著降低;最后,设计不同蜂窝芯密度的蜂窝夹芯结构进行试验。试验结果证明,蜂窝芯越致密,其典型力学性能越高,冲击后的剩余强度也越高。     

CVD-SiC反射镜制备过程中热应力变形的研究

采用CVD工艺在反应烧结碳化硅(RB-SiC)反射镜坯体上沉积了一层致密的碳化硅薄膜作为反射镜镜面.CVD-SiC和RB-SiC热物理性能上的差异引起的热残余应力和热变形,在很大程度上影响反射镜的质量,本文采用有限单元法计算了沉积过程中反射镜的温度场、应力场和热变形,采用X射线衍射方法测试了薄膜表面的残余应力.分析结果表明,薄膜存在较大的残余应力,包括热应力和本征应力,两者量值相当,热变形很小.     

复合材料缺陷的红外热波无损检测

简述了红外热波无损检测的原理，并利用红外热波无损检测系统对铝蜂窝夹芯结构复合材料和泡沫夹芯结构复合材料的胶接界面脱粘缺陷进行了检测。结果表明，该方法检测此类缺陷快速、高效、直观。引入界面层的概念，建立了此类复合材料缺陷红外热波检测的数学分析模型，利用该模型简单方便地对热像图进行了理论分析。     

弯管成形理论和技术研究进展与发展趋势(英文)

As one kind of key components with enormous quantities and diversities,the bent tube parts satisfy the increasing needs for lightweight and high-strength product from both materials and structure aspec...     

State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

一种空间超大型可展开柔性聚光器

面向空间太阳能电站（SSPS）对大口径太阳能聚光器的应用需求,提出一种超大型、轻量化、高精度的空间可展开柔性聚光器的新构型。采取理论建模、计算仿真、优化设计相结合的方法对其抛物面构型原理、展开机构折展原理、展开态结构稳定性、动态聚焦精度等问题进行研究,并完成大口径可展开柔性聚光器的设计。提出了基于多层弹性花瓣镜体复合结构的大口径柔性聚光器优化创新设计方法。由于采用薄板柔索结构,本聚光器具有精度高、展收体积比大、质量轻、在线控制简单等优点,为空间太阳能电站千米级聚光器提供一种创新设计方法。     

民用客机座舱温、湿度限制等效安全研究与应用

受低纬度区域低空空气高湿度影响,民用客机对适航条款FAR/CCAR25.831(g)的符合性验证非常困难。以FAA的MSHWG报告为指导,通过验证座舱温、湿度限制等效安全规则间接验证某型民用客机对适航条款FAR/CCAR25.831(g)的符合性,即采用热分析方法计算民用客机通风系统失效时座舱内部乘员人体核心温度的变化,并将其与MSHWG报告规定的人体核心温度标准值对比,说明某型民用客机对适航条款FAR/CCAR25.831(g)的符合性。     

载人航天器主动热控系统流体回路的轻量化设计

建立载人航天器热控系统内各组成部分传热和质量的数学物理模型,对热控流体回路进行轻量化设计,并讨论相关参数对优化结果的影响。研究发现,在回路散热任务给定时,回路各组成部分的结构参数和辐射器内的散热管道数都存在最佳值,在该值下回路系统质量达到最轻。随着辐射器散热面积的增加,最优的辐射器内散热管道数减少;在给定辐射器散热面积时,当回路散热任务增加时,回路最优设计质量和辐射器内的最优管道数均增加。     

The concept of selecting the main parameters of a lightweight airplane with regard to the requirements of the contemporary Russian market

The basic principles of selecting some design parameters of a lightweight airplane for the contemporary Russian market are presented. Recommendations for selecting these parameters with the service requirements specified are given based on the study performed.     

Analytical dependences for determination of thermal conduction in sandwich panels with folded cores

In this paper, an analytical dependence for determination of the effective thermal conduction in sandwich panels with folded cores is presented depending on the geometrical characteristics of both the panel, core, and the material they are made from. The dependence is verified by conducting the corresponding experimental studies on three-layer panels with folded cores.