实现结构轻量化的新型平流层飞艇研究进展

平流层飞艇具有极高的实用价值,是国内外临近空间开发的研究热点。和中低空常规飞艇相比,由于单位体积所提供的浮力大大降低,使得平流层飞艇设计时存在艇体体积、阻力和重量之间的循环关系,飞艇结构轻量化成为平流层飞艇研发的首要课题,受到了各国研究机构的高度重视。本文对目前实现平流层飞艇结构轻量化的主要方法和技术进行了整理,给出了利用这些方法实现结构轻量化的平流层飞艇研究进展,比较了这些方法的优势和不足,并对新型的平流层展开飞艇技术进行了分析。分析结果认为改进蒙皮材料性能、改变飞艇的结构形式和利用新型的空中展开飞艇将是平流层飞艇实现结构轻量化的主要手段,新型空中展开飞艇能够有效地实现结构轻量化,具备较好的发展潜力。

Progress of New Type Stratospheric Airships for Realization of Lightweight

Stratospheric airships are at present a focus of worldwide near-space development due to their specific applications.Because of the reduction of buoyancy provided by per volume of the stratospheric airship in comparison with normal mid-low attitude airships,a stratospheric airship exhibits a cyclic relationship between its hull volume,drag and weight.Realization of the lightweight of the airship is therefore the most important topic of stratospheric airship development which attracts high attention.This article introduces some main methods and techniques to realize lightweight structure,and provides a review of current research on stratospheric airships with lightweight structures.Advantages and drawbacks of these methods are compared with each other.The technique of deployable stratospheric airships is analyzed.The results reveal that improving the material performance of the envelope,changing the structural style and developing a new type of deployable airship are the main methods to realize lightweight of stratospheric airships.Among them,the new type deployable airships can considerably reduce structure weight and manifest excellent development potential.